The whole computer hard resets when trying to load ath12k driver in a KVM VM

[Nazar Mokrynskyi]

Some additional details.

The system is x86-64: Gigabyte MZ32-AR0 Rev 1.0 motherboard (with M23_R40 BIOS) and AMD Epyc 7302P CPU.

Host OS is Ubuntu 24.04 with HWE kernel 6.14.

As guest:
* initially tried OpenWrt 24.10.2 with kernel 6.6.93, WiFi backports seem to be from 6.12.6
* then tried the latest snapshot (r30806-070d8eb4d5), which uses 6.12.40 kernel and according to the kernel module version carries WiFi backports from 6.16

> # lspci -mnn -s 46:00.0
> 46:00.0 "Network controller [0280]" "Qualcomm Technologies, Inc [17cb]" "QCN62xx/92xx Wireless Network Adapter [1109]" -r01 -p00 "Qualcomm Technologies, Inc [17cb]" "QCN62xx/92xx Wireless Network Adapter [1109]"
The module is QCN9274 2x2 5G+6G from Commtek (but missing on their website) with M.2 E-key connector.
Looks very similar to Compex WLW7002E56 in terms of size and features.

This should be most of the details that might be relevant.

Sincerely, Nazar Mokrynskyi
github.com/nazar-pc

21.08.25 00:15, Nazar Mokrynskyi:
> Hi,
>
> I have a QCN9274-based Wi-Fi module that I want to use with OpenWrt under KVM VM (libvirtd, vfio).
> I used various Qualcomm modules this way with ath10k and ath11k in the past successfully, but ath12k seems to be buggy.
>
> Two cases:
> * if host already loaded ath12k, then starting a VM with the PCIe device passthrough triggers immediate hard reset of the machine
> * if I bind the device to vfio-pci on the host, I can boot the VM, but it inevitably hard resets the machine when ath12k starts loading (presence of the correct board file does not matter, it doesn't seem reach that stage)
>
> In the second case, which I'm primarily interested in, the the following lines are the only thing I can capture before host hard resets:
>
>> 0000:01:00.0: MSI vectors: 1
>> 0000:01:00.0: Hardware name: qcn9274 hw2.0
> And when machine reboots, BIOS prints:
>> Warning: PCI-Express PERR/SERR error detected.
> I'm not really sure what this is, but I think it should be trivial to reproduce.
> Looks like either driver or onboard firmware issue?
> Open to do more testing and provide additional info.
>
> All information I have so far is on the forum here: https://forum.openwrt.org/t/qcn9274-crashes-the-system-during-driver-load/239491?u=nazar-pc
>