The whole computer hard resets when trying to load ath12k driver in a KVM VM

[Jeff Johnson]

On 8/20/2025 2:47 PM, Nazar Mokrynskyi wrote:
> Some additional details.
> 
> The system is x86-64: Gigabyte MZ32-AR0 Rev 1.0 motherboard (with M23_R40 BIOS) and AMD Epyc 7302P CPU.
> 
> Host OS is Ubuntu 24.04 with HWE kernel 6.14.
> 
> As guest:
> * initially tried OpenWrt 24.10.2 with kernel 6.6.93, WiFi backports seem to be from 6.12.6
> * then tried the latest snapshot (r30806-070d8eb4d5), which uses 6.12.40 kernel and according to the kernel module version carries WiFi backports from 6.16
> 
>> # lspci -mnn -s 46:00.0
>> 46:00.0 "Network controller [0280]" "Qualcomm Technologies, Inc [17cb]" "QCN62xx/92xx Wireless Network Adapter [1109]" -r01 -p00 "Qualcomm Technologies, Inc [17cb]" "QCN62xx/92xx Wireless Network Adapter [1109]"
> The module is QCN9274 2x2 5G+6G from Commtek (but missing on their website) with M.2 E-key connector.
> Looks very similar to Compex WLW7002E56 in terms of size and features.
> 
> This should be most of the details that might be relevant.
> 
> Sincerely, Nazar Mokrynskyi
> github.com/nazar-pc
> 
> 21.08.25 00:15, Nazar Mokrynskyi:
>> Hi,
>>
>> I have a QCN9274-based Wi-Fi module that I want to use with OpenWrt under KVM VM (libvirtd, vfio).
>> I used various Qualcomm modules this way with ath10k and ath11k in the past successfully, but ath12k seems to be buggy.
>>
>> Two cases:
>> * if host already loaded ath12k, then starting a VM with the PCIe device passthrough triggers immediate hard reset of the machine
>> * if I bind the device to vfio-pci on the host, I can boot the VM, but it inevitably hard resets the machine when ath12k starts loading (presence of the correct board file does not matter, it doesn't seem reach that stage)
>>
>> In the second case, which I'm primarily interested in, the the following lines are the only thing I can capture before host hard resets:
>>
>>> 0000:01:00.0: MSI vectors: 1
>>> 0000:01:00.0: Hardware name: qcn9274 hw2.0
>> And when machine reboots, BIOS prints:
>>> Warning: PCI-Express PERR/SERR error detected.
>> I'm not really sure what this is, but I think it should be trivial to reproduce.
>> Looks like either driver or onboard firmware issue?
>> Open to do more testing and provide additional info.
>>
>> All information I have so far is on the forum here: https://forum.openwrt.org/t/qcn9274-crashes-the-system-during-driver-load/239491?u=nazar-pc

Curious how you managed to get this to work in the past with ath11k since that
is not supported. Some discussions on ath11k here:

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216055
https://lore.kernel.org/all/fc6bd06f-d52b-4dee-ab1b-4bb845cc0b95@quicinc.com/