[PATCH v6 0/3] mm: make persistent huge zero folio read-only

[Xueyuan Chen]

The persistent huge zero folio is shared globally and should stay zero
after initialization. As Jann Horn pointed out[1], kernel bugs have ended
up writing to pages that were meant to be read-only, including in
security-sensitive cases. Making the folio read-only in the direct map
turns such writes into faults instead of silent zero-page corruption.

This series adds set_direct_map_ro_noflush() so mm code can make a
direct-map range read-only, then uses it for the persistent huge zero
folio. The helper is direct-map specific, takes an address-based range as
discussed for set_direct_map* helpers[2], and leaves TLB invalidation to
the caller.

The folio is allocated and zeroed through the writable direct map before
thp_shrinker_init() changes its permissions. thp_shrinker_init() is called
from hugepage_init(), which is registered as a subsys_initcall and runs
after SMP initialization. Writable TLB entries may therefore already be
cached when the page-table permissions change. Patch 1 flushes the exact
direct-map range immediately after the noflush page-table update. Keeping
the flush at the call site preserves the helper's explicit noflush contract
and follows existing direct-map helper users such as secretmem and
hibernation.

GFP_TRANSHUGE can allocate from high memory on 32-bit systems. Since a
highmem folio has no permanent direct-map mapping, patch 1 skips both the
permission change and TLB flush in that case.

Patches 2 and 3 add arm64 and x86 implementations.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260508-ro-zeropage-v1-1-9808abc20b49@google.com/ [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/0e5b23a6-4895-454a-9dfa-6dc21adc2991@kernel.org/ [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/CAHbLzkrXXe7r3n3jXgDKtwZhRqj=jDx9E6dLOULohnhBguvi9A@mail.gmail.com/ [3]

v5 -> v6:
- Patch #01: Skip the direct-map permission change and TLB flush for
  highmem folios, which have no permanent direct-map mapping.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260727143426.1077133-1-xueyuan.chen21@gmail.com/

RFC v4 -> v5:
- Drop the RFC tag.
- No code changes.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260718095647.182592-1-xueyuan.chen21@gmail.com/

RFC v3 -> RFC v4:
- Patch #01: Flush the direct-map range after changing it read-only, since
  the folio was cleared through writable mappings after SMP initialization
  (per Usama, thanks!).
- Patch #01: Keep the flush in the caller to preserve the
  set_direct_map_ro_noflush() contract and make the flushed range explicit.
- Patch #01: Clarify the noflush API contract and the reason stale writable
  translations must be invalidated.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260706130440.9295-1-xueyuan.chen21@gmail.com/

RFC v2 -> RFC v3:
- Patch #01: Replace arch_make_pages_readonly() with
  set_direct_map_ro_noflush() in the existing set_direct_map* family
  (per Mike and David, thanks!).
- Patch #01: Use a direct-map address and number of pages, and document the
  direct-map-only and no-TLB-flush semantics (per David, thanks!).
- Patch #02 and #03: Update the arm64 and x86 implementations for
  set_direct_map_ro_noflush().
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260609143801.7917-1-xueyuan.chen21@gmail.com/

RFC v1 -> RFC v2:
- Patch #01: Drop the READONLY_HUGE_ZERO_FOLIO Kconfig option
  (per Dave, thanks!).
- Patch #01: Replace the huge-zero-folio-specific hook with a generic
  page-range hook (per David, thanks!).
- Patch #02 and #03: Update the arm64 and x86 implementations for the new
  hook.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260527035607.14919-1-xueyuan.chen21@gmail.com/

Xueyuan Chen (3):
  mm: make persistent huge zero folio read-only
  arm64/mm: add set_direct_map_ro_noflush()
  x86/mm: add set_direct_map_ro_noflush()

 arch/arm64/include/asm/set_memory.h |  2 ++
 arch/arm64/mm/pageattr.c            | 10 ++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/set_memory.h   |  2 ++
 arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c        | 15 +++++++++++++++
 include/linux/set_memory.h          | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/huge_memory.c                    | 20 +++++++++++++++++++-
 6 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

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2.47.3