[PATCH 14/21] KVM: arm64: Apply dynamic guest counter reservations

[Chen, Zide]

On 6/12/2026 2:29 PM, Colton Lewis wrote:
> Apply dynamic guest counter reservations by checking if the requested
> guest mask collides with any events the host has scheduled and calling
> pmu_perf_resched_update() with a hook that updates the mask of
> available counters in between schedule out and schedule in.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis at google.com>
> ---
>  arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-direct.c  | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  include/linux/perf/arm_pmu.h |  1 +
>  2 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-direct.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-direct.c
> index 49f1feb5d280c..044f011c9c84b 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-direct.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu-direct.c
> @@ -87,6 +87,73 @@ u64 kvm_pmu_direct_pmcr_read(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  		ARMV8_PMU_PMCR_N);
>  }
>  
> +/* Callback to update counter mask between perf scheduling */
> +static void kvm_pmu_update_mask(struct pmu *pmu, void *data)
> +{
> +	struct arm_pmu *arm_pmu = to_arm_pmu(pmu);
> +	unsigned long *new_mask = data;
> +
> +	bitmap_copy(arm_pmu->cntr_mask, new_mask, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * kvm_pmu_set_guest_counters() - Handle dynamic counter reservations
> + * @cpu_pmu: struct arm_pmu to potentially modify
> + * @guest_mask: new guest mask for the pmu
> + *
> + * Check if guest counters will interfere with current host events and
> + * call into perf_pmu_resched_update if a reschedule is required.
> + */
> +static void kvm_pmu_set_guest_counters(struct arm_pmu *cpu_pmu, u64 guest_mask)
> +{
> +	struct pmu_hw_events *cpuc = this_cpu_ptr(cpu_pmu->hw_events);
> +	DECLARE_BITMAP(guest_bitmap, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +	DECLARE_BITMAP(new_mask, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +	bool need_resched = false;
> +
> +	bitmap_from_arr64(guest_bitmap, &guest_mask, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +	bitmap_copy(new_mask, cpu_pmu->hw_cntr_impl, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +
> +	if (guest_mask) {
> +		/* Subtract guest counters from available host mask */
> +		bitmap_andnot(new_mask, new_mask, guest_bitmap, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +
> +		/* Did we collide with an active host event? */
> +		if (bitmap_intersects(cpuc->used_mask, guest_bitmap, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS)) {
> +			int idx;
> +
> +			need_resched = true;
> +			cpuc->host_squeezed = true;
> +
> +			/* Look for pinned events that are about to be preempted */
> +			for_each_set_bit(idx, guest_bitmap, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS) {
> +				if (test_bit(idx, cpuc->used_mask) && cpuc->events[idx] &&
> +				    cpuc->events[idx]->attr.pinned) {
> +					pr_warn_once("perf: Pinned host event squeezed out by KVM guest PMU partition\n");
> +					break;
> +				}
> +			}
> +		}
> +	} else {
> +		/*
> +		 * Restoring to hw_cntr_impl.
> +		 * Only resched if we previously squeezed an event.
> +		 */
> +		if (cpuc->host_squeezed) {
> +			need_resched = true;
> +			cpuc->host_squeezed = false;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	if (need_resched) {
> +		/* Collision: run full perf reschedule */
> +		perf_pmu_resched_update(&cpu_pmu->pmu, kvm_pmu_update_mask, new_mask);
> +	} else {
> +		/* Host was never using guest counters anyway */
> +		bitmap_copy(cpu_pmu->cntr_mask, new_mask, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS);
> +	}
> +}
> +
>  /**
>   * kvm_pmu_host_counter_mask() - Compute bitmask of host-reserved counters
>   * @pmu: Pointer to arm_pmu struct
> @@ -209,6 +276,7 @@ void kvm_pmu_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  
>  	pmu = vcpu->kvm->arch.arm_pmu;
>  	guest_counters = kvm_pmu_guest_counter_mask(pmu);
> +	kvm_pmu_set_guest_counters(pmu, guest_counters);
>  	kvm_pmu_apply_event_filter(vcpu);
>  
>  	for_each_set_bit(i, &guest_counters, ARMPMU_MAX_HWEVENTS) {
> @@ -317,7 +385,6 @@ void kvm_pmu_put(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  	/* Stop guest counters and disable interrupts in hardware. */
>  	write_sysreg(mask, pmcntenclr_el0);
>  	write_sysreg(mask, pmintenclr_el1);
> -
>  	kvm_pmu_set_guest_counters(pmu, 0);

I must have missed something.

Here, vcpu->kvm->arch.arm_pmu->cntr_mask is restored to cntr_mask_impl.
Is this same struct shared with the perf driver
(to_arm_pmu(event->pmu)), and shared across other vCPUs as well?

If so, if another pCPU still has a PMU-partition-enabled vcpu loaded
with guest-owned counters (MDCR_EL2.HPMN is set), could a host event be
scheduled onto one of those guest-owned counters, conflicting with the
guest?

>  	preempt_enable();
>  }