[PATCH 1/2] arm64: atomics: fix use of acquire + release for full barrier semantics
Will Deacon
will.deacon at arm.com
Tue Feb 4 07:29:12 EST 2014
Linux requires a number of atomic operations to provide full barrier
semantics, that is no memory accesses after the operation can be
observed before any accesses up to and including the operation in
program order.
On arm64, these operations have been incorrectly implemented as follows:
// A, B, C are independent memory locations
<Access [A]>
// atomic_op (B)
1: ldaxr x0, [B] // Exclusive load with acquire
<op(B)>
stlxr w1, x0, [B] // Exclusive store with release
cbnz w1, 1b
<Access [C]>
The assumption here being that two half barriers are equivalent to a
full barrier, so the only permitted ordering would be A -> B -> C
(where B is the atomic operation involving both a load and a store).
Unfortunately, this is not the case by the letter of the architecture
and, in fact, the accesses to A and C are permitted to pass their
nearest half barrier resulting in orderings such as Bl -> A -> C -> Bs
or Bl -> C -> A -> Bs (where Bl is the load-acquire on B and Bs is the
store-release on B). This is a clear violation of the full barrier
requirement.
The simple way to fix this is to implement the same algorithm as ARMv7
using explicit barriers:
<Access [A]>
// atomic_op (B)
dmb ish // Full barrier
1: ldxr x0, [B] // Exclusive load
<op(B)>
stxr w1, x0, [B] // Exclusive store
cbnz w1, 1b
dmb ish // Full barrier
<Access [C]>
but this has the undesirable effect of introducing *two* full barrier
instructions. A better approach is actually the following, non-intuitive
sequence:
<Access [A]>
// atomic_op (B)
1: ldxr x0, [B] // Exclusive load
<op(B)>
stlxr w1, x0, [B] // Exclusive store with release
cbnz w1, 1b
dmb ish // Full barrier
<Access [C]>
The simple observations here are:
- The dmb ensures that no subsequent accesses (e.g. the access to C)
can enter or pass the atomic sequence.
- The dmb also ensures that no prior accesses (e.g. the access to A)
can pass the atomic sequence.
- Therefore, no prior access can pass a subsequent access, or
vice-versa (i.e. A is strictly ordered before C).
- The stlxr ensures that no prior access can pass the store component
of the atomic operation.
The only tricky part remaining is the ordering between the ldxr and the
access to A, since the absence of the first dmb means that we're now
permitting re-ordering between the ldxr and any prior accesses.
>From an (arbitrary) observer's point of view, there are two scenarios:
1. We have observed the ldxr. This means that if we perform a store to
[B], the ldxr will still return older data. If we can observe the
ldxr, then we can potentially observe the permitted re-ordering
with the access to A, which is clearly an issue when compared to
the dmb variant of the code. Thankfully, the exclusive monitor will
save us here since it will be cleared as a result of the store and
the ldxr will retry. Notice that any use of a later memory
observation to imply observation of the ldxr will also imply
observation of the access to A, since the stlxr/dmb ensure strict
ordering.
2. We have not observed the ldxr. This means we can perform a store
and influence the later ldxr. However, that doesn't actually tell
us anything about the access to [A], so we've not lost anything
here either when compared to the dmb variant.
This patch implements this solution for our barriered atomic operations,
ensuring that we satisfy the full barrier requirements where they are
needed.
Cc: <stable at vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas at arm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz at infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon at arm.com>
---
arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h | 9 +++++----
arch/arm64/include/asm/futex.h | 6 ++++--
arch/arm64/kernel/kuser32.S | 6 ++++--
arch/arm64/lib/bitops.S | 3 ++-
5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h
index 01de5aaa3edc..e32893e005d4 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static inline int atomic_add_return(int i, atomic_t *v)
int result;
asm volatile("// atomic_add_return\n"
-"1: ldaxr %w0, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %w0, %2\n"
" add %w0, %w0, %w3\n"
" stlxr %w1, %w0, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b"
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ static inline int atomic_add_return(int i, atomic_t *v)
: "Ir" (i)
: "cc", "memory");
+ smp_mb();
return result;
}
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ static inline int atomic_sub_return(int i, atomic_t *v)
int result;
asm volatile("// atomic_sub_return\n"
-"1: ldaxr %w0, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %w0, %2\n"
" sub %w0, %w0, %w3\n"
" stlxr %w1, %w0, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b"
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ static inline int atomic_sub_return(int i, atomic_t *v)
: "Ir" (i)
: "cc", "memory");
+ smp_mb();
return result;
}
@@ -112,17 +114,20 @@ static inline int atomic_cmpxchg(atomic_t *ptr, int old, int new)
unsigned long tmp;
int oldval;
+ smp_mb();
+
asm volatile("// atomic_cmpxchg\n"
-"1: ldaxr %w1, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %w1, %2\n"
" cmp %w1, %w3\n"
" b.ne 2f\n"
-" stlxr %w0, %w4, %2\n"
+" stxr %w0, %w4, %2\n"
" cbnz %w0, 1b\n"
"2:"
: "=&r" (tmp), "=&r" (oldval), "+Q" (ptr->counter)
: "Ir" (old), "r" (new)
: "cc", "memory");
+ smp_mb();
return oldval;
}
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ static inline long atomic64_add_return(long i, atomic64_t *v)
unsigned long tmp;
asm volatile("// atomic64_add_return\n"
-"1: ldaxr %0, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %0, %2\n"
" add %0, %0, %3\n"
" stlxr %w1, %0, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b"
@@ -191,6 +196,7 @@ static inline long atomic64_add_return(long i, atomic64_t *v)
: "Ir" (i)
: "cc", "memory");
+ smp_mb();
return result;
}
@@ -215,7 +221,7 @@ static inline long atomic64_sub_return(long i, atomic64_t *v)
unsigned long tmp;
asm volatile("// atomic64_sub_return\n"
-"1: ldaxr %0, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %0, %2\n"
" sub %0, %0, %3\n"
" stlxr %w1, %0, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b"
@@ -223,6 +229,7 @@ static inline long atomic64_sub_return(long i, atomic64_t *v)
: "Ir" (i)
: "cc", "memory");
+ smp_mb();
return result;
}
@@ -231,17 +238,20 @@ static inline long atomic64_cmpxchg(atomic64_t *ptr, long old, long new)
long oldval;
unsigned long res;
+ smp_mb();
+
asm volatile("// atomic64_cmpxchg\n"
-"1: ldaxr %1, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %1, %2\n"
" cmp %1, %3\n"
" b.ne 2f\n"
-" stlxr %w0, %4, %2\n"
+" stxr %w0, %4, %2\n"
" cbnz %w0, 1b\n"
"2:"
: "=&r" (res), "=&r" (oldval), "+Q" (ptr->counter)
: "Ir" (old), "r" (new)
: "cc", "memory");
+ smp_mb();
return oldval;
}
@@ -253,11 +263,12 @@ static inline long atomic64_dec_if_positive(atomic64_t *v)
unsigned long tmp;
asm volatile("// atomic64_dec_if_positive\n"
-"1: ldaxr %0, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %0, %2\n"
" subs %0, %0, #1\n"
" b.mi 2f\n"
" stlxr %w1, %0, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b\n"
+" dmb ish\n"
"2:"
: "=&r" (result), "=&r" (tmp), "+Q" (v->counter)
:
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
index 56166d7f4a25..189390ce8653 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static inline unsigned long __xchg(unsigned long x, volatile void *ptr, int size
switch (size) {
case 1:
asm volatile("// __xchg1\n"
- "1: ldaxrb %w0, %2\n"
+ "1: ldxrb %w0, %2\n"
" stlxrb %w1, %w3, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b\n"
: "=&r" (ret), "=&r" (tmp), "+Q" (*(u8 *)ptr)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static inline unsigned long __xchg(unsigned long x, volatile void *ptr, int size
break;
case 2:
asm volatile("// __xchg2\n"
- "1: ldaxrh %w0, %2\n"
+ "1: ldxrh %w0, %2\n"
" stlxrh %w1, %w3, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b\n"
: "=&r" (ret), "=&r" (tmp), "+Q" (*(u16 *)ptr)
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static inline unsigned long __xchg(unsigned long x, volatile void *ptr, int size
break;
case 4:
asm volatile("// __xchg4\n"
- "1: ldaxr %w0, %2\n"
+ "1: ldxr %w0, %2\n"
" stlxr %w1, %w3, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b\n"
: "=&r" (ret), "=&r" (tmp), "+Q" (*(u32 *)ptr)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static inline unsigned long __xchg(unsigned long x, volatile void *ptr, int size
break;
case 8:
asm volatile("// __xchg8\n"
- "1: ldaxr %0, %2\n"
+ "1: ldxr %0, %2\n"
" stlxr %w1, %3, %2\n"
" cbnz %w1, 1b\n"
: "=&r" (ret), "=&r" (tmp), "+Q" (*(u64 *)ptr)
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ static inline unsigned long __xchg(unsigned long x, volatile void *ptr, int size
BUILD_BUG();
}
+ smp_mb();
return ret;
}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/futex.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/futex.h
index 78cc3aba5d69..572193d0005d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/futex.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/futex.h
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@
#define __futex_atomic_op(insn, ret, oldval, uaddr, tmp, oparg) \
asm volatile( \
-"1: ldaxr %w1, %2\n" \
+"1: ldxr %w1, %2\n" \
insn "\n" \
"2: stlxr %w3, %w0, %2\n" \
" cbnz %w3, 1b\n" \
+" dmb ish\n" \
"3:\n" \
" .pushsection .fixup,\"ax\"\n" \
" .align 2\n" \
@@ -111,11 +112,12 @@ futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic(u32 *uval, u32 __user *uaddr,
return -EFAULT;
asm volatile("// futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic\n"
-"1: ldaxr %w1, %2\n"
+"1: ldxr %w1, %2\n"
" sub %w3, %w1, %w4\n"
" cbnz %w3, 3f\n"
"2: stlxr %w3, %w5, %2\n"
" cbnz %w3, 1b\n"
+" dmb ish\n"
"3:\n"
" .pushsection .fixup,\"ax\"\n"
"4: mov %w0, %w6\n"
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/kuser32.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/kuser32.S
index 63c48ffdf230..7787208e8cc6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/kuser32.S
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/kuser32.S
@@ -38,12 +38,13 @@ __kuser_cmpxchg64: // 0xffff0f60
.inst 0xe92d00f0 // push {r4, r5, r6, r7}
.inst 0xe1c040d0 // ldrd r4, r5, [r0]
.inst 0xe1c160d0 // ldrd r6, r7, [r1]
- .inst 0xe1b20e9f // 1: ldaexd r0, r1, [r2]
+ .inst 0xe1b20f9f // 1: ldrexd r0, r1, [r2]
.inst 0xe0303004 // eors r3, r0, r4
.inst 0x00313005 // eoreqs r3, r1, r5
.inst 0x01a23e96 // stlexdeq r3, r6, [r2]
.inst 0x03330001 // teqeq r3, #1
.inst 0x0afffff9 // beq 1b
+ .inst 0xf57ff05b // dmb ish
.inst 0xe2730000 // rsbs r0, r3, #0
.inst 0xe8bd00f0 // pop {r4, r5, r6, r7}
.inst 0xe12fff1e // bx lr
@@ -55,11 +56,12 @@ __kuser_memory_barrier: // 0xffff0fa0
.align 5
__kuser_cmpxchg: // 0xffff0fc0
- .inst 0xe1923e9f // 1: ldaex r3, [r2]
+ .inst 0xe1923f9f // 1: ldrex r3, [r2]
.inst 0xe0533000 // subs r3, r3, r0
.inst 0x01823e91 // stlexeq r3, r1, [r2]
.inst 0x03330001 // teqeq r3, #1
.inst 0x0afffffa // beq 1b
+ .inst 0xf57ff05b // dmb ish
.inst 0xe2730000 // rsbs r0, r3, #0
.inst 0xe12fff1e // bx lr
diff --git a/arch/arm64/lib/bitops.S b/arch/arm64/lib/bitops.S
index e5db797790d3..7dac371cc9a2 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/lib/bitops.S
+++ b/arch/arm64/lib/bitops.S
@@ -46,11 +46,12 @@ ENTRY( \name )
mov x2, #1
add x1, x1, x0, lsr #3 // Get word offset
lsl x4, x2, x3 // Create mask
-1: ldaxr x2, [x1]
+1: ldxr x2, [x1]
lsr x0, x2, x3 // Save old value of bit
\instr x2, x2, x4 // toggle bit
stlxr w5, x2, [x1]
cbnz w5, 1b
+ dmb ish
and x0, x0, #1
3: ret
ENDPROC(\name )
--
1.8.2.2
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