[RFC PATCH 05/17] ARM: kernel: save/restore kernel IF

[Lorenzo Pieralisi]

Thank you very much Russell for this recap.

On Mon, Jul 11, 2011 at 07:40:10PM +0100, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote:
> On Mon, Jul 11, 2011 at 03:00:47PM +0100, Lorenzo Pieralisi wrote:
> > Well, short answer is no. On SMP we do need to save CPU registers 
> > but if just one single cpu is shutdown L2 is still on. 
> > cpu_suspend saves regs on the stack that has to be cleaned from
> > L2 before shutting a CPU down which make things more complicated than
> > they should.
> 
> Hang on.  Please explain something to me here.  You've mentioned a few
> times that cpu_suspend() can't be used because of the L2 cache.  Why
> is this the case?
> 
> OMAP appears to have code in its sleep path - which has been converted
> to cpu_suspend() support - to deal with the L2 issues.
> 

OMAP4, it is SMP configs I am talking about.

> However, lets recap.  What we do in cpu_suspend() in order is:
> 
> - Save the ABI registers onto the stack, and some private state
> - Save the CPU specific state onto the stack

As Santosh said, L1 should be cleaned with C bit cleared. We are still
in coherency and if L1 D$ keeps allocating we might run into issues here
when for instance a single CPU is going down. It is the stack, as usual.
The finisher should be written in assembly (I think that's the case) and 
should not use the stack
(eg thread_info). If I am not mistaken thread_info might be written by
other CPUs and DDI might pull in it as a dirty line.
We must avoid having dirty lines in L1 D$ when we pull the power.

On top of that, if the C bit is cleared I think we need to clean the
L2 cache in assembly in the finisher, and avoid using spinlocks because 
this does not work when C bit is cleared. 
This means that this code will become racy by definition or I am missing
something.

> - Flush the L1 cache
> - Call the platform specific suspend finisher
> 
> On resume, with the MMU and caches off:
> 
> - Platform defined entry point is called, which _may_ be cpu_resume
>   directly.
> - Platform initial code is executed to do whatever that requires
> - cpu_resume will be called
> - cpu_resume loads the previously saved private state
> - The CPU specific state is restored
> - Page table is modified to permit 1:1 mapping for MMU enable
> - MMU is enabled with caches disabled
> - Page table modification is undone
> - Caches are enabled in the main control register
> - CPU exception mode stacks are reinitialized
> - CPU specific init function is called
> - ABI registers are popped off and 'cpu_suspend' function returns
> 
> So, as far as L2 goes, in the suspend finisher:
> 
> - If L2 state is lost, the finisher needs to clean dirty data from L2
>   to ensure that it is preserved in RAM.
>   Note: There is no need to disable or even invalidate the L2 cache as
>   we should not be writing any data in the finisher function which we
>   later need after resume.

I agree that "not writing" should be sufficient but want to raise a
point anyway.
If L2 is shutdown or put in L2 RAM retention on idle (I read the reply 
from Colin about idle support for L2 shutdown but I think
we have to cater for it anyway) it has to be disabled before issuing wfi
(we have to be in control of L2 to make sure it is not fetching lines
behind our back).
It is about avoiding transactions on the AXI bus when the power is
yanked from L2. Also L2 prefetch bits should be cleared, I am checking
with HW guys how and when this might create issues.

> 
> - If L2 state is not lost, the finisher needs to clean the saved state
>   as a minimum, to sure that this is visible when the main control register
>   C bit is clear.  The easiest way to do that is to find the top of stack
>   via current_thread_info() - we have a macro for that, and then add
>   THREAD_SIZE to find the top of stack.  'sp' will be the current bottom
>   of stack.
> 

Spot-on.

> In the resume initial code:
> 
> - If L2 state was lost, the L2 configuration needs to be restored.
>   This generally needs to happen before cpu_resume is called:
>   - there are CPUs which need L2 setup before the MMU is enabled.
>   - OMAP3 currently does this in its assembly, which is convenient to
>     allow it to make the SMI calls to the secure world.  The same will
>     be true of any CPU running in non-secure mode.
> 
> - If L2 state was not lost, and the platform choses not to clean and
>   invalidate the ABI registers from the stack, and the platform restores
>   the L2 configuration before calling cpu_resume, then the ABI registers
>   will be read out of L2 on return if that's where they are - at that
>   point everything will be setup correctly.
> 
>   This will give the greatest performance, which is important for CPU
>   idle use of these code paths.
> 
> Now, considering SMP, there's an issue here: do we know at the point
> where one CPU goes down whether L2 state will be lost?
> 

That is what I am tracking in the patch, meaning that we have to know
when the executing CPU is the last running. If we mandate control
within CPU idle to control that for all platforms I think we are all
set.

> If the answer is that state will not be lost, we can do the minimum.
> If all L2 state is lost, we need to do as above.  If we don't know the
> answer, then we have to assume that L2 state will be lost.
> 

I know I am a pain in the neck, but please consider L2 RAM retention in
this picture where logic is lost but RAM is retained, so it should not
be cleaned.

> But wait - L2 cache (or more accurately, the outer cache) is common
> between CPUs in a SMP system.  So, if we're _not_ the last CPU to go
> down, then we assume that L2 state will not be lost.  It is the last
> CPUs responsibility to deal with L2 state when it goes into a PM mode
> that results in L2 state being lost.
> 

That's correct.

> Lastly, should generic code deal with flushing L2 and setting it back
> up on resume?  A couple of points there:
> 
> 1. Will generic code know whether L2 state will be lost, or should it
>    assume that L2 state is always lost and do a full L2 flush.  That
>    seems wasteful if we have another CPU still running (which would
>    also have to flush L2.)

on SMP, single CPU shutdown, as you stated, only the minimum should
be cleaned from L2. The same goes for system shutdown (all CPUs down)
L2 RAM retention.

> 
> 2. L2 configuration registers are not accessible to CPUs operating in
>    non-secure mode like OMAPs.  Generic code on these CPUs has _no_
>    way to restore and re-enable the L2 cache.  It needs to make
>    implementation specific SMI calls to achieve that.
> 
> So, I believe the answer to that is no.  However, I think we can still
> do a change to improve the situation:
> 
> 1. Pass in r2 and r3 to the suspend finisher the bottom and top of the
>    stack which needs to be cleaned from L2.  This covers the saved
>    state but not the ABI registers.
> 
> 2. Mandate that L2 configuration is to be restored by platforms in their
>    pre-cpu_resume code so L2 is available when the C bit is set.
> 

On top of that, if we can also define and mandate a warm-boot protocol 
(eg CPU0 is always the one coming up from complete system shutdown) and 
the other(s) are put into wfi or a platform specific procedure that would 
be grand. 

Lorenzo