[PATCH v6 2/5] crash: Exclude crash kernel memory in crash core

Jinjie Ruan ruanjinjie at huawei.com
Tue Feb 24 00:53:39 PST 2026


The crash memory alloc, and the exclude of crashk_res, crashk_low_res
and crashk_cma memory are almost identical across different architectures,
handling them in the crash core would eliminate a lot of duplication, so
do them in the common code.

To achieve the above goal, three architecture-specific functions are
introduced:

- arch_get_system_nr_ranges(). Pre-counts the max number of memory ranges.

- arch_crash_populate_cmem(). Collects the memory ranges and fills them
  into cmem.

- arch_crash_exclude_ranges(). Architecture's additional crash memory
  ranges exclusion, defaulting to empty.

Signed-off-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie at huawei.com>
---
 arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c     | 39 +++-------
 arch/loongarch/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c | 39 +++-------
 arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c     | 38 +++------
 arch/x86/kernel/crash.c                    | 89 +++-------------------
 include/linux/crash_core.h                 |  5 ++
 kernel/crash_core.c                        | 82 +++++++++++++++++++-
 6 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 160 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
index fba260ad87a9..c338506a580b 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
@@ -40,23 +40,23 @@ int arch_kimage_file_post_load_cleanup(struct kimage *image)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
-static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
+unsigned int arch_get_system_nr_ranges(void)
 {
-	struct crash_mem *cmem;
-	unsigned int nr_ranges;
-	int ret;
-	u64 i;
+	unsigned int nr_ranges = 2; /* for exclusion of crashkernel region */
 	phys_addr_t start, end;
+	u64 i;
 
-	nr_ranges = 2; /* for exclusion of crashkernel region */
 	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end)
 		nr_ranges++;
 
-	cmem = kmalloc_flex(*cmem, ranges, nr_ranges);
-	if (!cmem)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	return nr_ranges;
+}
+
+int arch_crash_populate_cmem(struct crash_mem *cmem)
+{
+	phys_addr_t start, end;
+	u64 i;
 
-	cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
 	cmem->nr_ranges = 0;
 	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end) {
 		cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = start;
@@ -64,22 +64,7 @@ static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
 		cmem->nr_ranges++;
 	}
 
-	/* Exclude crashkernel region */
-	ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
-	if (ret)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (crashk_low_res.end) {
-		ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start, crashk_low_res.end);
-		if (ret)
-			goto out;
-	}
-
-	ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, true, addr, sz);
-
-out:
-	kfree(cmem);
-	return ret;
+	return 0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -109,7 +94,7 @@ int load_other_segments(struct kimage *image,
 	void *headers;
 	unsigned long headers_sz;
 	if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
-		ret = prepare_elf_headers(&headers, &headers_sz);
+		ret = crash_prepare_headers(true, &headers, &headers_sz, NULL);
 		if (ret) {
 			pr_err("Preparing elf core header failed\n");
 			goto out_err;
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
index 5584b798ba46..4b318a94b564 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
@@ -56,23 +56,23 @@ static void cmdline_add_initrd(struct kimage *image, unsigned long *cmdline_tmpl
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
-
-static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
+unsigned int arch_get_system_nr_ranges(void)
 {
-	int ret, nr_ranges;
-	uint64_t i;
+	int nr_ranges = 2; /* for exclusion of crashkernel region */
 	phys_addr_t start, end;
-	struct crash_mem *cmem;
+	uint64_t i;
 
-	nr_ranges = 2; /* for exclusion of crashkernel region */
 	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end)
 		nr_ranges++;
 
-	cmem = kmalloc_flex(*cmem, ranges, nr_ranges);
-	if (!cmem)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	return nr_ranges;
+}
+
+int arch_crash_populate_cmem(struct crash_mem *cmem)
+{
+	phys_addr_t start, end;
+	uint64_t i;
 
-	cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
 	cmem->nr_ranges = 0;
 	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end) {
 		cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = start;
@@ -80,22 +80,7 @@ static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
 		cmem->nr_ranges++;
 	}
 
-	/* Exclude crashkernel region */
-	ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (crashk_low_res.end) {
-		ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start, crashk_low_res.end);
-		if (ret < 0)
-			goto out;
-	}
-
-	ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, true, addr, sz);
-
-out:
-	kfree(cmem);
-	return ret;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -163,7 +148,7 @@ int load_other_segments(struct kimage *image,
 		void *headers;
 		unsigned long headers_sz;
 
-		ret = prepare_elf_headers(&headers, &headers_sz);
+		ret = crash_prepare_headers(true, &headers, &headers_sz, NULL);
 		if (ret < 0) {
 			pr_err("Preparing elf core header failed\n");
 			goto out_err;
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
index 54e2d9552e93..d0e331d87155 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/machine_kexec_file.c
@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@ static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+unsigned int arch_get_system_nr_ranges(void)
+{
+	unsigned int nr_ranges = 1; /* For exclusion of crashkernel region */
+
+	walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
+
+	return nr_ranges;
+}
+
 static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
 {
 	struct crash_mem *cmem = arg;
@@ -55,33 +64,10 @@ static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
+int arch_crash_populate_cmem(struct crash_mem *cmem)
 {
-	struct crash_mem *cmem;
-	unsigned int nr_ranges;
-	int ret;
-
-	nr_ranges = 1; /* For exclusion of crashkernel region */
-	walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
-
-	cmem = kmalloc_flex(*cmem, ranges, nr_ranges);
-	if (!cmem)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
 	cmem->nr_ranges = 0;
-	ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
-	if (ret)
-		goto out;
-
-	/* Exclude crashkernel region */
-	ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, true, addr, sz);
-
-out:
-	kfree(cmem);
-	return ret;
+	return walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
 }
 
 static char *setup_kdump_cmdline(struct kimage *image, char *cmdline,
@@ -273,7 +259,7 @@ int load_extra_segments(struct kimage *image, unsigned long kernel_start,
 	if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
 		void *headers;
 		unsigned long headers_sz;
-		ret = prepare_elf_headers(&headers, &headers_sz);
+		ret = crash_prepare_headers(true, &headers, &headers_sz, NULL);
 		if (ret) {
 			pr_err("Preparing elf core header failed\n");
 			goto out;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c b/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c
index 335fd2ee9766..3ad3f8b758a4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/crash.c
@@ -152,16 +152,8 @@ static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* Gather all the required information to prepare elf headers for ram regions */
-static struct crash_mem *fill_up_crash_elf_data(void)
+unsigned int arch_get_system_nr_ranges(void)
 {
-	unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
-	struct crash_mem *cmem;
-
-	walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
-	if (!nr_ranges)
-		return NULL;
-
 	/*
 	 * Exclusion of crash region, crashk_low_res and/or crashk_cma_ranges
 	 * may cause range splits. So add extra slots here.
@@ -176,49 +168,16 @@ static struct crash_mem *fill_up_crash_elf_data(void)
 	 * But in order to lest the low 1M could be changed in the future,
 	 * (e.g. [start, 1M]), add a extra slot.
 	 */
-	nr_ranges += 3 + crashk_cma_cnt;
-	cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, nr_ranges));
-	if (!cmem)
-		return NULL;
-
-	cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
+	unsigned int nr_ranges = 3 + crashk_cma_cnt;
 
-	return cmem;
+	walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
+	return nr_ranges;
 }
 
-/*
- * Look for any unwanted ranges between mstart, mend and remove them. This
- * might lead to split and split ranges are put in cmem->ranges[] array
- */
-static int elf_header_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
+int arch_crash_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
-	int i;
-
 	/* Exclude the low 1M because it is always reserved */
-	ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, 0, SZ_1M - 1);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	/* Exclude crashkernel region */
-	ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (crashk_low_res.end)
-		ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start,
-					      crashk_low_res.end);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < crashk_cma_cnt; ++i) {
-		ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_cma_ranges[i].start,
-					      crashk_cma_ranges[i].end);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	return crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, 0, SZ_1M - 1);
 }
 
 static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
@@ -232,35 +191,9 @@ static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* Prepare elf headers. Return addr and size */
-static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz,
-			       unsigned long *nr_mem_ranges)
+int arch_crash_populate_cmem(struct crash_mem *cmem)
 {
-	struct crash_mem *cmem;
-	int ret;
-
-	cmem = fill_up_crash_elf_data();
-	if (!cmem)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
-	if (ret)
-		goto out;
-
-	/* Exclude unwanted mem ranges */
-	ret = elf_header_exclude_ranges(cmem);
-	if (ret)
-		goto out;
-
-	/* Return the computed number of memory ranges, for hotplug usage */
-	*nr_mem_ranges = cmem->nr_ranges;
-
-	/* By default prepare 64bit headers */
-	ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), addr, sz);
-
-out:
-	vfree(cmem);
-	return ret;
+	return walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -418,7 +351,8 @@ int crash_load_segments(struct kimage *image)
 				  .buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = false };
 
 	/* Prepare elf headers and add a segment */
-	ret = prepare_elf_headers(&kbuf.buffer, &kbuf.bufsz, &pnum);
+	ret = crash_prepare_headers(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), &kbuf.buffer,
+				    &kbuf.bufsz, &pnum);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -529,7 +463,8 @@ void arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event(struct kimage *image, void *arg)
 	 * Create the new elfcorehdr reflecting the changes to CPU and/or
 	 * memory resources.
 	 */
-	if (prepare_elf_headers(&elfbuf, &elfsz, &nr_mem_ranges)) {
+	if (crash_prepare_headers(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), &elfbuf, &elfsz,
+				  &nr_mem_ranges)) {
 		pr_err("unable to create new elfcorehdr");
 		goto out;
 	}
diff --git a/include/linux/crash_core.h b/include/linux/crash_core.h
index d35726d6a415..033b20204aca 100644
--- a/include/linux/crash_core.h
+++ b/include/linux/crash_core.h
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ extern int crash_exclude_mem_range(struct crash_mem *mem,
 				   unsigned long long mend);
 extern int crash_prepare_elf64_headers(struct crash_mem *mem, int need_kernel_map,
 				       void **addr, unsigned long *sz);
+extern int crash_prepare_headers(int need_kernel_map, void **addr,
+				 unsigned long *sz, unsigned long *nr_mem_ranges);
 
 struct kimage;
 struct kexec_segment;
@@ -83,6 +85,9 @@ int kexec_should_crash(struct task_struct *p);
 int kexec_crash_loaded(void);
 void crash_save_cpu(struct pt_regs *regs, int cpu);
 extern int kimage_crash_copy_vmcoreinfo(struct kimage *image);
+extern unsigned int arch_get_system_nr_ranges(void);
+extern int arch_crash_populate_cmem(struct crash_mem *cmem);
+extern int arch_crash_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem);
 
 #else /* !CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP*/
 struct pt_regs;
diff --git a/kernel/crash_core.c b/kernel/crash_core.c
index 2c1a3791e410..96a96e511f5a 100644
--- a/kernel/crash_core.c
+++ b/kernel/crash_core.c
@@ -170,9 +170,6 @@ static inline resource_size_t crash_resource_size(const struct resource *res)
 	return !res->end ? 0 : resource_size(res);
 }
 
-
-
-
 int crash_prepare_elf64_headers(struct crash_mem *mem, int need_kernel_map,
 			  void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
 {
@@ -274,6 +271,85 @@ int crash_prepare_elf64_headers(struct crash_mem *mem, int need_kernel_map,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static struct crash_mem *alloc_cmem(unsigned int nr_ranges)
+{
+	struct crash_mem *cmem;
+
+	cmem = kvzalloc_flex(*cmem, ranges, nr_ranges);
+	if (!cmem)
+		return NULL;
+
+	cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
+	return cmem;
+}
+
+unsigned int __weak arch_get_system_nr_ranges(void) { return 0; }
+int __weak arch_crash_populate_cmem(struct crash_mem *cmem) { return -1; }
+int __weak arch_crash_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem) { return 0; }
+
+static int crash_exclude_core_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
+{
+	int ret, i;
+
+	/* Exclude crashkernel region */
+	ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (crashk_low_res.end) {
+		ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start, crashk_low_res.end);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < crashk_cma_cnt; ++i) {
+		ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_cma_ranges[i].start,
+					      crashk_cma_ranges[i].end);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int crash_prepare_headers(int need_kernel_map, void **addr, unsigned long *sz,
+			  unsigned long *nr_mem_ranges)
+{
+	unsigned int max_nr_ranges;
+	struct crash_mem *cmem;
+	int ret;
+
+	max_nr_ranges = arch_get_system_nr_ranges();
+	if (!max_nr_ranges)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	cmem = alloc_cmem(max_nr_ranges);
+	if (!cmem)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ret = arch_crash_populate_cmem(cmem);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = crash_exclude_core_ranges(cmem);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = arch_crash_exclude_ranges(cmem);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Return the computed number of memory ranges, for hotplug usage */
+	if (nr_mem_ranges)
+		*nr_mem_ranges = cmem->nr_ranges;
+
+	ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, need_kernel_map, addr, sz);
+
+out:
+	kvfree(cmem);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /**
  * crash_exclude_mem_range - exclude a mem range for existing ranges
  * @mem: mem->range contains an array of ranges sorted in ascending order
-- 
2.34.1




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