[PATCH V3] riscv: asid: Fixup stale TLB entry cause application crash

[guoren at kernel.org]

From: Guo Ren <guoren at linux.alibaba.com>

After use_asid_allocator is enabled, the userspace application will
crash by stale TLB entries. Because only using cpumask_clear_cpu without
local_flush_tlb_all couldn't guarantee CPU's TLB entries were fresh.
Then set_mm_asid would cause the user space application to get a stale
value by stale TLB entry, but set_mm_noasid is okay.

Here is the symptom of the bug:
unhandled signal 11 code 0x1 (coredump)
   0x0000003fd6d22524 <+4>:     auipc   s0,0x70
   0x0000003fd6d22528 <+8>:     ld      s0,-148(s0) # 0x3fd6d92490
=> 0x0000003fd6d2252c <+12>:    ld      a5,0(s0)
(gdb) i r s0
s0          0x8082ed1cc3198b21       0x8082ed1cc3198b21
(gdb) x /2x 0x3fd6d92490
0x3fd6d92490:   0xd80ac8a8      0x0000003f
The core dump file shows that register s0 is wrong, but the value in
memory is correct. Because 'ld s0, -148(s0)' used a stale mapping entry
in TLB and got a wrong result from an incorrect physical address.

When the task ran on CPU0, which loaded/speculative-loaded the value of
address(0x3fd6d92490), then the first version of the mapping entry was
PTWed into CPU0's TLB.
When the task switched from CPU0 to CPU1 (No local_tlb_flush_all here by
asid), it happened to write a value on the address (0x3fd6d92490). It
caused do_page_fault -> wp_page_copy -> ptep_clear_flush ->
ptep_get_and_clear & flush_tlb_page.
The flush_tlb_page used mm_cpumask(mm) to determine which CPUs need TLB
flush, but CPU0 had cleared the CPU0's mm_cpumask in the previous
switch_mm. So we only flushed the CPU1 TLB and set the second version
mapping of the PTE. When the task switched from CPU1 to CPU0 again, CPU0
still used a stale TLB mapping entry which contained a wrong target
physical address. It raised a bug when the task happened to read that
value.

   CPU0                               CPU1
   - switch 'task' in
   - read addr (Fill stale mapping
     entry into TLB)
   - switch 'task' out (no tlb_flush)
                                      - switch 'task' in (no tlb_flush)
                                      - write addr cause pagefault
                                        do_page_fault() (change to
                                        new addr mapping)
                                          wp_page_copy()
                                            ptep_clear_flush()
                                              ptep_get_and_clear()
                                              & flush_tlb_page()
                                        write new value into addr
                                      - switch 'task' out (no tlb_flush)
   - switch 'task' in (no tlb_flush)
   - read addr again (Use stale
     mapping entry in TLB)
     get wrong value from old phyical
     addr, BUG!

The solution is to keep all CPUs' footmarks of cpumask(mm) in switch_mm,
which could guarantee to invalidate all stale TLB entries during TLB
flush.

Fixes: 65d4b9c53017 ("RISC-V: Implement ASID allocator")
Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <guoren at linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <guoren at kernel.org>
Cc: Anup Patel <apatel at ventanamicro.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer at rivosinc.com>
---
Changes in v3:
 - Move set/clear cpumask(mm) into set_mm (Make code more pretty
   with Andrew's advice)
 - Optimize comment description

Changes in v2:
 - Fixup nommu compile problem (Thx Conor, Also Reported-by: kernel
   test robot <lkp at intel.com>)
 - Keep cpumask_clear_cpu for noasid
---
 arch/riscv/mm/context.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/context.c b/arch/riscv/mm/context.c
index 7acbfbd14557..0f784e3d307b 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/mm/context.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/mm/context.c
@@ -205,12 +205,24 @@ static void set_mm_noasid(struct mm_struct *mm)
 	local_flush_tlb_all();
 }
 
-static inline void set_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int cpu)
+static inline void set_mm(struct mm_struct *prev,
+			  struct mm_struct *next, unsigned int cpu)
 {
-	if (static_branch_unlikely(&use_asid_allocator))
-		set_mm_asid(mm, cpu);
-	else
-		set_mm_noasid(mm);
+	/*
+	 * The mm_cpumask indicates which harts' TLBs contain the virtual
+	 * address mapping of the mm. Compared to noasid, using asid
+	 * can't guarantee that stale TLB entries are invalidated because
+	 * the asid mechanism wouldn't flush TLB for every switch_mm for
+	 * performance. So when using asid, keep all CPUs footmarks in
+	 * cpumask() until mm reset.
+	 */
+	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));
+	if (static_branch_unlikely(&use_asid_allocator)) {
+		set_mm_asid(next, cpu);
+	} else {
+		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(prev));
+		set_mm_noasid(next);
+	}
 }
 
 static int __init asids_init(void)
@@ -264,7 +276,8 @@ static int __init asids_init(void)
 }
 early_initcall(asids_init);
 #else
-static inline void set_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int cpu)
+static inline void set_mm(struct mm_struct *prev,
+			  struct mm_struct *next, unsigned int cpu)
 {
 	/* Nothing to do here when there is no MMU */
 }
@@ -317,10 +330,7 @@ void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
 	 */
 	cpu = smp_processor_id();
 
-	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(prev));
-	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));
-
-	set_mm(next, cpu);
+	set_mm(prev, next, cpu);
 
 	flush_icache_deferred(next, cpu);
 }
-- 
2.36.1