[PATCH v1 3/4] KVM: arm64: Sync protected guest VBAR_EL1 on injecting an undef exception

[Will Deacon]

On Tue, Aug 05, 2025 at 02:56:16PM +0100, Fuad Tabba wrote:
> In pKVM, a race condition can occur if a guest updates its VBAR_EL1
> register and, before a vCPU exit synchronizes this change, the
> hypervisor needs to inject an undefined exception into a protected
> guest.
> 
> In this scenario, the vCPU still holds the stale VBAR_EL1 value from
> before the guest's update. When pKVM injects the exception, it ends up
> using the stale value.
> 
> Explicitly read the live value of VBAR_EL1 from the guest and update the
> vCPU value immediately before pending the exception. This ensures the
> vCPU's value is the same as the guest's and that the exception will be
> handled at the correct address upon resuming the guest.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba at google.com>
> ---
>  arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/sys_regs.c | 1 +
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/sys_regs.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/sys_regs.c
> index bbd60013cf9e..b34b10be1ad7 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/sys_regs.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/sys_regs.c
> @@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ static void inject_undef64(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  
>  	*vcpu_pc(vcpu) = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_ELR);
>  	*vcpu_cpsr(vcpu) = read_sysreg_el2(SYS_SPSR);
> +	vcpu_write_sys_reg(vcpu, read_sysreg_el1(SYS_VBAR), VBAR_EL1);

You say "in pKVM" in the commit message, but why isn't this applicable
to !VHE in general?

Will