[PATCH 0/3] ARM ZSTD boot compression

[Arnd Bergmann]

On Wed, Apr 12, 2023, at 23:33, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 12, 2023, at 23:21, Jonathan Neuschäfer wrote:
>> This patchset enables ZSTD kernel (de)compression on 32-bit ARM.
>> Unfortunately, it is much slower than I hoped (tested on ARM926EJ-S):
>>
>>  - LZO:  7.2 MiB,  6 seconds
>>  - ZSTD: 5.6 MiB, 60 seconds
>
> That seems unexpected, as the usual numbers say it's about 25%
> slower than LZO. Do  you have an idea why it is so much slower
> here? How long does it take to decompress the
> generated arch/arm/boot/Image file in user space on the same
> hardware using lzop and zstd?

I looked through this a bit more and found two interesting points:

- zstd uses a lot more unaligned loads and stores while
  decompressing. On armv5 those turn into individual byte
  accesses, while the others can likely use word-aligned
  accesses. This could make a huge difference if caches are
  disabled during the decompression.

- The sliding window on zstd is much larger, with the kernel
  using an 8MB window (zstd=23), compared to the normal 32kb
  for deflate (couldn't find the default for lzo), so on
  machines with no L2 cache, it is much likely to thrash a
  small L1 dcache that are used on most arm9.

      Arnd