[kvm-unit-tests PATCH v2 02/24] riscv: Initial port, hello world
Eric Auger
eric.auger at redhat.com
Thu Feb 1 00:29:36 PST 2024
On 1/26/24 15:23, Andrew Jones wrote:
> Add the minimal amount of code possible in order to launch a first
> test, which just prints "Hello, world" using the expected UART
> address of the QEMU virt machine. Add files, stubs, and some support,
> such as barriers and MMIO read/write along the way in order to
> satisfy the compiler. Basically everything is either copied from
> the arm64 port of kvm-unit-tests, or at least inspired by it, and,
> in that case, the RISC-V Linux kernel code was copied.
>
> Run with
> qemu-system-riscv64 -nographic -M virt -kernel riscv/selftest.flat
>
> and then go to the monitor (ctrl-a c) and use 'q' to quit, since
> the unit test will just hang after printing hello world and the
> exit code.
>
> Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <andrew.jones at linux.dev>
> Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth at redhat.com>
> ---
> configure | 14 ++++++
> lib/riscv/.gitignore | 1 +
> lib/riscv/asm-offsets.c | 6 +++
> lib/riscv/asm/asm-offsets.h | 1 +
> lib/riscv/asm/barrier.h | 13 ++++++
> lib/riscv/asm/csr.h | 7 +++
> lib/riscv/asm/io.h | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> lib/riscv/asm/page.h | 7 +++
> lib/riscv/asm/setup.h | 7 +++
> lib/riscv/asm/spinlock.h | 7 +++
> lib/riscv/asm/stack.h | 9 ++++
> lib/riscv/io.c | 44 ++++++++++++++++++
> lib/riscv/setup.c | 12 +++++
> riscv/Makefile | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> riscv/cstart.S | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> riscv/flat.lds | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> riscv/selftest.c | 13 ++++++
> 17 files changed, 469 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/.gitignore
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm-offsets.c
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/asm-offsets.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/barrier.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/csr.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/io.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/page.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/setup.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/spinlock.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/asm/stack.h
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/io.c
> create mode 100644 lib/riscv/setup.c
> create mode 100644 riscv/Makefile
> create mode 100644 riscv/cstart.S
> create mode 100644 riscv/flat.lds
> create mode 100644 riscv/selftest.c
>
> diff --git a/configure b/configure
> index ada6512702a1..05e6702eab06 100755
> --- a/configure
> +++ b/configure
> @@ -200,6 +200,11 @@ arch_name=$arch
> [ "$arch_name" = "arm64" ] && arch_name="aarch64"
> arch_libdir=$arch
>
> +if [ "$arch" = "riscv" ]; then
> + echo "riscv32 or riscv64 must be specified"
> + exit 1
> +fi
> +
> if [ -z "$target" ]; then
> target="qemu"
> else
> @@ -307,6 +312,9 @@ elif [ "$arch" = "ppc64" ]; then
> echo "You must provide endianness (big or little)!"
> usage
> fi
> +elif [ "$arch" = "riscv32" ] || [ "$arch" = "riscv64" ]; then
> + testdir=riscv
> + arch_libdir=riscv
> else
> testdir=$arch
> fi
> @@ -438,6 +446,12 @@ cat <<EOF >> lib/config.h
> #define CONFIG_ERRATA_FORCE ${errata_force}
> #define CONFIG_PAGE_SIZE _AC(${page_size}, UL)
>
> +EOF
> +elif [ "$arch" = "riscv32" ] || [ "$arch" = "riscv64" ]; then
> +cat <<EOF >> lib/config.h
> +
> +#define CONFIG_UART_EARLY_BASE 0x10000000
> +
> EOF
> fi
> echo "#endif" >> lib/config.h
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/.gitignore b/lib/riscv/.gitignore
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..82da12e6bd4e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/.gitignore
> @@ -0,0 +1 @@
> +/asm-offsets.[hs]
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm-offsets.c b/lib/riscv/asm-offsets.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..4a74df9e4a09
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm-offsets.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> + return 0;
> +}
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/asm-offsets.h b/lib/riscv/asm/asm-offsets.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..d370ee36a182
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/asm-offsets.h
> @@ -0,0 +1 @@
> +#include <generated/asm-offsets.h>
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/barrier.h b/lib/riscv/asm/barrier.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..c6a09066b2c7
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/barrier.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_BARRIER_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_BARRIER_H_
> +
> +#define RISCV_FENCE(p, s) \
> + __asm__ __volatile__ ("fence " #p "," #s : : : "memory")
> +
> +/* These barriers need to enforce ordering on both devices or memory. */
> +#define mb() RISCV_FENCE(iorw,iorw)
> +#define rmb() RISCV_FENCE(ir,ir)
> +#define wmb() RISCV_FENCE(ow,ow)
> +
> +#endif /* _ASMRISCV_BARRIER_H_ */
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/csr.h b/lib/riscv/asm/csr.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..5c4f2de34f64
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/csr.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_CSR_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_CSR_H_
> +
> +#define CSR_SSCRATCH 0x140
> +
> +#endif /* _ASMRISCV_CSR_H_ */
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/io.h b/lib/riscv/asm/io.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..d2eb3acc9fda
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/io.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +/*
> + * From Linux arch/riscv/include/asm/mmio.h
> + */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_IO_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_IO_H_
> +#include <libcflat.h>
> +
> +#define __iomem
> +
> +/* Generic IO read/write. These perform native-endian accesses. */
> +#define __raw_writeb __raw_writeb
> +static inline void __raw_writeb(u8 val, volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + asm volatile("sb %0, 0(%1)" : : "r" (val), "r" (addr));
> +}
> +
> +#define __raw_writew __raw_writew
> +static inline void __raw_writew(u16 val, volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + asm volatile("sh %0, 0(%1)" : : "r" (val), "r" (addr));
> +}
> +
> +#define __raw_writel __raw_writel
> +static inline void __raw_writel(u32 val, volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + asm volatile("sw %0, 0(%1)" : : "r" (val), "r" (addr));
> +}
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> +#define __raw_writeq __raw_writeq
> +static inline void __raw_writeq(u64 val, volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + asm volatile("sd %0, 0(%1)" : : "r" (val), "r" (addr));
> +}
> +#endif
> +
> +#define __raw_readb __raw_readb
> +static inline u8 __raw_readb(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + u8 val;
> +
> + asm volatile("lb %0, 0(%1)" : "=r" (val) : "r" (addr));
> + return val;
> +}
> +
> +#define __raw_readw __raw_readw
> +static inline u16 __raw_readw(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + u16 val;
> +
> + asm volatile("lh %0, 0(%1)" : "=r" (val) : "r" (addr));
> + return val;
> +}
> +
> +#define __raw_readl __raw_readl
> +static inline u32 __raw_readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + u32 val;
> +
> + asm volatile("lw %0, 0(%1)" : "=r" (val) : "r" (addr));
> + return val;
> +}
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> +#define __raw_readq __raw_readq
> +static inline u64 __raw_readq(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
> +{
> + u64 val;
> +
> + asm volatile("ld %0, 0(%1)" : "=r" (val) : "r" (addr));
> + return val;
> +}
> +#endif
> +
> +#include <asm-generic/io.h>
> +
> +#endif /* _ASMRISCV_IO_H_ */
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/page.h b/lib/riscv/asm/page.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..7d7c9191605a
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/page.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_PAGE_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_PAGE_H_
> +
> +#include <asm-generic/page.h>
> +
> +#endif /* _ASMRISCV_PAGE_H_ */
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/setup.h b/lib/riscv/asm/setup.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..385455f341cc
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/setup.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_SETUP_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_SETUP_H_
> +
> +void setup(const void *fdt, phys_addr_t freemem_start);
> +
> +#endif /* _ASMRISCV_SETUP_H_ */
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/spinlock.h b/lib/riscv/asm/spinlock.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..6e2b3009abf3
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/spinlock.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_SPINLOCK_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_SPINLOCK_H_
> +
> +#include <asm-generic/spinlock.h>
> +
> +#endif /* _ASMRISCV_SPINLOCK_H_ */
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/asm/stack.h b/lib/riscv/asm/stack.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..d081d0716d7b
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/asm/stack.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> +#ifndef _ASMRISCV_STACK_H_
> +#define _ASMRISCV_STACK_H_
> +
> +#ifndef _STACK_H_
> +#error Do not directly include <asm/stack.h>. Just use <stack.h>.
> +#endif
> +
> +#endif
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/io.c b/lib/riscv/io.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..3cfc235d19a6
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/io.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Each architecture must implement puts() and exit() with the I/O
> + * devices exposed from QEMU, e.g. ns16550a.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2023, Ventana Micro Systems Inc., Andrew Jones <ajones at ventanamicro.com>
> + */
> +#include <libcflat.h>
> +#include <config.h>
> +#include <asm/io.h>
> +#include <asm/spinlock.h>
> +
> +/*
> + * Use this guess for the uart base in order to make an attempt at
> + * having earlier printf support. We'll overwrite it with the real
> + * base address that we read from the device tree later. This is
> + * the address we expect the virtual machine manager to put in
> + * its generated device tree.
> + */
> +#define UART_EARLY_BASE ((u8 *)(unsigned long)CONFIG_UART_EARLY_BASE)
> +static volatile u8 *uart0_base = UART_EARLY_BASE;
> +static struct spinlock uart_lock;
> +
> +void puts(const char *s)
> +{
> + spin_lock(&uart_lock);
> + while (*s)
> + writeb(*s++, uart0_base);
> + spin_unlock(&uart_lock);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Defining halt to take 'code' as an argument guarantees that it will
> + * be in a0 when we halt. That gives us a final chance to see the exit
> + * status while inspecting the halted unit test state.
> + */
> +void halt(int code);
> +
> +void exit(int code)
> +{
> + printf("\nEXIT: STATUS=%d\n", ((code) << 1) | 1);
> + halt(code);
> + __builtin_unreachable();
> +}
> diff --git a/lib/riscv/setup.c b/lib/riscv/setup.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..8937525ccb7f
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/riscv/setup.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Initialize machine setup information and I/O.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2023, Ventana Micro Systems Inc., Andrew Jones <ajones at ventanamicro.com>
> + */
> +#include <libcflat.h>
> +#include <asm/setup.h>
> +
> +void setup(const void *fdt, phys_addr_t freemem_start)
> +{
> +}
> diff --git a/riscv/Makefile b/riscv/Makefile
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..f2e89f0e4c38
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/riscv/Makefile
> @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
> +#
> +# riscv makefile
> +#
> +# Authors: Andrew Jones <ajones at ventanamicro.com>
> +#
> +
> +ifeq ($(CONFIG_EFI),y)
> +exe = efi
> +else
> +exe = flat
> +endif
> +
> +tests =
> +tests += $(TEST_DIR)/selftest.$(exe)
> +#tests += $(TEST_DIR)/sieve.$(exe)
> +
> +all: $(tests)
> +
> +$(TEST_DIR)/sieve.elf: AUXFLAGS = 0x1
> +
> +cstart.o = $(TEST_DIR)/cstart.o
> +
> +cflatobjs += lib/riscv/io.o
> +cflatobjs += lib/riscv/setup.o
> +
> +########################################
> +
> +OBJDIRS += lib/riscv
> +FLATLIBS = $(libcflat) $(LIBFDT_archive)
> +
> +AUXFLAGS ?= 0x0
> +
> +# stack.o relies on frame pointers.
> +KEEP_FRAME_POINTER := y
> +
> +# We want to keep intermediate files
> +.PRECIOUS: %.elf %.o
> +
> +define arch_elf_check =
> + $(if $(shell ! $(READELF) -rW $(1) >&/dev/null && echo "nok"),
> + $(error $(shell $(READELF) -rW $(1) 2>&1)))
> + $(if $(shell $(READELF) -rW $(1) | grep R_ | grep -v R_RISCV_RELATIVE),
> + $(error $(1) has unsupported reloc types))
> +endef
> +
> +ifeq ($(ARCH),riscv64)
> +CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_64BIT
> +endif
> +CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_RELOC
> +CFLAGS += -mcmodel=medany
> +CFLAGS += -mstrict-align
> +CFLAGS += -std=gnu99
> +CFLAGS += -ffreestanding
> +CFLAGS += -O2
> +CFLAGS += -I $(SRCDIR)/lib -I $(SRCDIR)/lib/libfdt
> +
> +asm-offsets = lib/riscv/asm-offsets.h
> +include $(SRCDIR)/scripts/asm-offsets.mak
> +
> +ifeq ($(CONFIG_EFI),y)
> + # TODO
> +else
> +%.elf: LDFLAGS += -pie -n -z notext
> +%.elf: %.o $(FLATLIBS) $(SRCDIR)/riscv/flat.lds $(cstart.o)
> + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $(@:.elf=.aux.o) $(SRCDIR)/lib/auxinfo.c \
> + -DPROGNAME=\"$(notdir $(@:.elf=.flat))\" -DAUXFLAGS=$(AUXFLAGS)
> + $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ -T $(SRCDIR)/riscv/flat.lds \
> + $(filter %.o, $^) $(FLATLIBS) $(@:.elf=.aux.o)
> + $(RM) $(@:.elf=.aux.o)
> + @chmod a-x $@
> +
> +%.flat: %.elf
> + $(call arch_elf_check, $^)
> + $(OBJCOPY) -O binary $^ $@
> + @chmod a-x $@
> +endif
> +
> +generated-files = $(asm-offsets)
> +$(tests:.$(exe)=.o) $(cstart.o) $(cflatobjs): $(generated-files)
> +
> +arch_clean: asm_offsets_clean
> + $(RM) $(TEST_DIR)/*.{o,flat,elf,so,efi,debug} \
> + $(TEST_DIR)/.*.d $(TEST_DIR)/efi/.*.d lib/riscv/.*.d
> diff --git a/riscv/cstart.S b/riscv/cstart.S
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..a28d75e8021e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/riscv/cstart.S
> @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +/*
> + * Boot entry point and assembler functions for riscv.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2023, Ventana Micro Systems Inc., Andrew Jones <ajones at ventanamicro.com>
> + */
> +#include <asm/csr.h>
> +
> +.macro zero_range, tmp1, tmp2
For my education what were the tmp3/4 args used for on arm?
> +9998: beq \tmp1, \tmp2, 9997f
> + sd zero, 0(\tmp1)
> + addi \tmp1, \tmp1, 8
> + j 9998b
> +9997:
> +.endm
> +
> + .section .init
> +
> +/*
> + * The hartid of the current core is in a0
> + * The address of the devicetree is in a1
> + *
> + * See Linux kernel doc Documentation/riscv/boot.rst
> + */
> +.global start
> +start:
> + /*
> + * Stash the hartid in scratch and shift the dtb
> + * address into a0
> + */
> + csrw CSR_SSCRATCH, a0
> + mv a0, a1
> +
> + /*
> + * Update all R_RISCV_RELATIVE relocations using the table
> + * of Elf64_Rela entries between reloc_start/end. The build
> + * will not emit other relocation types.
> + *
> + * struct Elf64_Rela {
> + * uint64_t r_offset;
> + * uint64_t r_info;
> + * int64_t r_addend;
> + * }
> + */
> + la a1, reloc_start
> + la a2, reloc_end
> + la a3, start // base
> +1:
> + bge a1, a2, 1f
> + ld a4, 0(a1) // r_offset
> + ld a5, 16(a1) // r_addend
> + add a4, a3, a4 // addr = base + r_offset
> + add a5, a3, a5 // val = base + r_addend
> + sd a5, 0(a4) // *addr = val
> + addi a1, a1, 24
> + j 1b
> +
> +1:
> + /* zero BSS */
> + la a1, bss
> + la a2, ebss
> + zero_range a1, a2
> +
> + /* zero and set up stack */
> + la sp, stacktop
> + li a1, -8192
> + add a1, sp, a1
> + zero_range a1, sp
> +
> + /* set up exception handling */
> + //TODO
> +
> + /* complete setup */
> + la a1, stacktop // a1 is the base of free memory
> + call setup // a0 is the addr of the dtb
> +
> + /* run the test */
> + la a0, __argc
> + ld a0, 0(a0)
> + la a1, __argv
> + la a2, __environ
> + call main
> + call exit
> + j halt
> +
> + .text
> +
> +.balign 4
> +.global halt
> +halt:
> +1: wfi
> + j 1b
> diff --git a/riscv/flat.lds b/riscv/flat.lds
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..d4853f82ba1c
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/riscv/flat.lds
> @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
> +/*
> + * init::start will pass stacktop to setup() as the base of free memory.
> + * setup() will then move the FDT and initrd to that base before calling
> + * mem_init(). With those movements and this linker script, we'll end up
> + * having the following memory layout:
> + *
> + * +----------------------+ <-- top of physical memory
> + * | |
> + * ~ ~
> + * | |
> + * +----------------------+ <-- top of initrd
> + * | |
> + * +----------------------+ <-- top of FDT
> + * | |
> + * +----------------------+ <-- top of cpu0's stack
> + * | |
> + * +----------------------+ <-- top of text/data/bss sections
> + * | |
> + * | |
> + * +----------------------+ <-- load address
> + * | |
> + * +----------------------+ <-- physical address 0x0
> + */
> +
> +PHDRS
> +{
> + text PT_LOAD FLAGS(5);
> + data PT_LOAD FLAGS(6);
> +}
> +
> +SECTIONS
> +{
> + PROVIDE(_text = .);
> + .text : { *(.init) *(.text) *(.text.*) } :text
> + . = ALIGN(4K);
> + PROVIDE(_etext = .);
> +
> + PROVIDE(reloc_start = .);
> + .rela.dyn : { *(.rela.dyn) }
> + PROVIDE(reloc_end = .);
> + .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) }
> + .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) }
> + .hash : { *(.hash) }
> + .gnu.hash : { *(.gnu.hash) }
> + .got : { *(.got) *(.got.plt) }
> + .eh_frame : { *(.eh_frame) }
> +
> + .rodata : { *(.rodata*) } :data
> + .data : { *(.data) } :data
> + . = ALIGN(16);
> + PROVIDE(bss = .);
> + .bss : { *(.bss) }
> + . = ALIGN(16);
> + PROVIDE(ebss = .);
> + . = ALIGN(4K);
> + PROVIDE(edata = .);
> +
> + /*
> + * stack depth is 8K and sp must be 16 byte aligned
> + * sp must always be strictly less than the true stacktop
> + */
> + . += 12K;
> + . = ALIGN(4K);
> + PROVIDE(stackptr = . - 16);
> + PROVIDE(stacktop = .);
> +
> + /DISCARD/ : {
> + *(.note*)
> + *(.interp)
> + *(.comment)
> + *(.dynamic)
> + }
> +}
> +
> +ENTRY(start)
> diff --git a/riscv/selftest.c b/riscv/selftest.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..88afa732649e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/riscv/selftest.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Test the framework itself. These tests confirm that setup works.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2023, Ventana Micro Systems Inc., Andrew Jones <ajones at ventanamicro.com>
> + */
> +#include <libcflat.h>
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> + puts("Hello, world\n");
> + return 0;
> +}
Thanks
Eric
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