mm/hwpoison: persist poisoned PFN list across kexec via KHO [RFC]

[Breno Leitao]

Hello Kiryl, 

First of all, thanks for the review and topics raised!

On Wed, Jun 24, 2026 at 01:04:19PM +0100, Kiryl Shutsemau wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 24, 2026 at 03:39:38AM -0700, Breno Leitao wrote:
> >   * Consumer: early in the next boot (fs_initcall_sync, before the
> >     buddy allocator has handed anything out) it restores that array
> >     and re-runs memory_failure() on each PFN, re-offlining the frame
> >     and rebuilding the full hwpoison state (PG_hwpoison, counters,
> >     HardwareCorrupted).
> 
> fs_initcall_sync is not before buddy hands anything out - buddy has been
> live since memblock_free_all() in start_kernel(), and every initcall before
> this one has allocated freely. So this is recovery, not prevention: you may
> be running memory_failure() against a frame already in use, possibly by a
> kernel allocation.

Agreed - that wording was wrong. It is recovery, not prevention, and running
memory_failure() against an already-allocated (possibly kernel) frame is the
not ideal, but, still better than what we have today.

> Two windows are missed entirely:
> 
>   - memblock allocations between setup_arch() and memblock_free_all()
>     (page tables, mem_map[], percpu) can land on the bad frame.
> 
>   - The kernel image itself: KASLR picks its location in the
>     decompressor/stub, long before any initcall. The next kernel can end
>     up running *on* the bad frame.
> 
> So I don't think this should be a memory_failure() replay. The frames need
> to leave the next kernel's view at the memory-map level, before memblock
> and KASLR.

Agreed, this is the ideal right approach.

> > Possible solutions
> > ==================
> ...
> > 
> > 2. e820 / EFI memory map (E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE). Tempting because the
> >    frame would simply never become RAM (no allocator race at all).
> >    But: it is x86-only (no arm64 equivalent in the same mechanism;
> >    this series is tested on arm64);
> 
> (+Ard. I might get some details around EFI wrong.)
> 
> This isn't accurate, and I think it's the right direction for EFI
> platforms. EFI_UNUSABLE_MEMORY is honored on both arches today, no new
> consumer code:
> 
>   - arm64: reserve_regions() marks non-usable memory nomap.

Is it true for non-UEFI arm64 hosts?

>   - x86: do_add_efi_memmap() maps it to E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE.
> 
> And it closes the KASLR window for free, because the image is only placed in
> EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY on both (x86 process_efi_entries(), arm64
> randomalloc.c). So the bad frame is invisible to both the allocator and
> KASLR, which is exactly what fs_initcall_sync can't give you.
> 
> There's also LINUX_EFI_MEMRESERVE (efi_mem_reserve_persistent()) -
> cross-arch, reserved pre-buddy in efi_init() - and looks otherwise fine, but
> it's parsed too late to keep KASLR off the frame.

Thanks, I am wondering if we piggy-back on this EFI_UNUSABLE_MEMORY (or
something similar), than we don't need to use KHO at all, basically just marked
the page as EFI_UNUSABLE_MEMORY at poison time, and rely on kexec to avoid
passing this page forward.

Thanks for the discussion,
--breno