From 3772548978 at qq.com  Sat May  2 04:19:16 2026
From: 3772548978 at qq.com (Wang Zihan)
Date: Sat,  2 May 2026 19:19:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Documentation: Fix duplicated words
Message-ID: <tencent_B1D6CBBF95486E31D04C2E1B92F5E605A307@qq.com>

Remove duplicated words in three documentation files:
- "in in" -> "in" (switchdev.rst)
- "The the" -> "The" (dmx-reqbufs.rst)
- "on on" -> "on" (user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst)

Signed-off-by: Wang Zihan <3772548978 at qq.com>
---
 Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst                | 2 +-
 Documentation/userspace-api/media/dvb/dmx-reqbufs.rst | 2 +-
 Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst   | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
index 2966b7122..948bce44c 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
 monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.  For example, a port moved into a
 bond will see its upper master change.  If that bond is moved into a bridge,
 the bond's upper master will change.  And so on.  The driver will track such
-movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
+movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by
 registering for netdevice events and acting on NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER.
 
 L2 Forwarding Offload
diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/dvb/dmx-reqbufs.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/dvb/dmx-reqbufs.rst
index d2bb1909e..18810f0bb 100644
--- a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/dvb/dmx-reqbufs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/dvb/dmx-reqbufs.rst
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ appropriately. The generic error codes are described at the
 :ref:`Generic Error Codes <gen-errors>` chapter.
 
 EOPNOTSUPP
-    The  the requested I/O method is not supported.
+    The requested I/O method is not supported.
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
index c37e8e594..7b08738c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ be formatted as plain text.
 
 Developing always goes hand in hand with debugging. First of all,
 you can always run UML under gdb and there will be a whole section
-later on on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
+later on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
 debug a Linux kernel. Quite often adding tracing statements and/or
 using UML specific approaches such as ptracing the UML kernel process
 are significantly more informative.
-- 
2.54.0



From Bjorn at xn--rombobjrn-67a.se  Sat May  2 05:01:08 2026
From: Bjorn at xn--rombobjrn-67a.se (=?UTF-8?B?QmrDtnJu?= Persson)
Date: Sat, 2 May 2026 14:01:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Documentation: Fix duplicated words
In-Reply-To: <tencent_B1D6CBBF95486E31D04C2E1B92F5E605A307@qq.com>
References: <tencent_B1D6CBBF95486E31D04C2E1B92F5E605A307@qq.com>
Message-ID: <20260502140108.6643955c@tag.xn--rombobjrn-67a.se>

Wang Zihan wrote:
>  you can always run UML under gdb and there will be a whole section
> -later on on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
> +later on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to

"Later on" is an established English expression. A plain "later" also
works. This isn't a correction of an error; it's a stylistic change.

Bj?rn Persson
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From jiyu03 at qq.com  Sat May  2 06:04:56 2026
From: jiyu03 at qq.com (Wang Zihan)
Date: Sat,  2 May 2026 21:04:56 +0800
Subject: [WITHDRAW] Documentation: Fix typo "eXtention" -> "Extension" and duplicated words
Message-ID: <tencent_7B6592FA660AA38DCB8215456E0DD0032E07@qq.com>

From: Wang Zihan <3772548978 at qq.com>

I apologize for submitting incorrect patches. After review by Bj?rn Persson,
I realized that my changes were not actually fixing errors:

1. Patch "Documentation: loongarch: Fix typo eXtention -> Extension"
   The capitalization of 'X' in 'eXtention' was intentional to highlight
   the letter, not a spelling mistake.

2. Patch "Documentation: Fix duplicated words" (the "later on on" part)
   "Later on" is an established English expression. The original text
   was not an error, just a stylistic choice.

I am withdrawing these patches:
- Message-ID: <20260502111912.143743-1-3772548978 at qq.com>
- Message-ID: <20260502111916.145238-1-3772548978 at qq.com>

Thank you for the correction and education. I will be more careful in the future.

Apologies for the noise.

Wang Zihan



From jiyu03 at qq.com  Sat May  2 06:09:18 2026
From: jiyu03 at qq.com (Wang Zihan)
Date: Sat,  2 May 2026 21:09:18 +0800
Subject: [WITHDRAW] Documentation: Fix duplicated words - "in in" was not an error
Message-ID: <tencent_4146F4975C2BC4DC82A0655C1C24F1CDD308@qq.com>

From: Wang Zihan <3772548978 at qq.com>

I apologize for another incorrect patch. After review by Bj?rn Persson,
I realized that "in in" in switchdev.rst was not an error:

Original: "what position a port is in in the overall topology"

This is correct English:
- "what position a port is in" = the position that a port occupies
- "in the overall topology" = within the overall topology

My change incorrectly altered the meaning to suggest that a port IS a position,
when in fact a port is IN a position IN the topology.

I am withdrawing the "in in" part of this patch:
- Message-ID: <20260502111916.145238-1-3772548978 at qq.com>

The other parts ("The the" -> "The" and "on on" -> "on") were also incorrect
as previously acknowledged.

Thank you for the correction. I will be more careful in analyzing English
grammar before submitting patches.

Apologies for the noise.

Wang Zihan



From andrew at lunn.ch  Sat May  2 07:16:01 2026
From: andrew at lunn.ch (Andrew Lunn)
Date: Sat, 2 May 2026 16:16:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Documentation: Fix duplicated words
In-Reply-To: <tencent_B1D6CBBF95486E31D04C2E1B92F5E605A307@qq.com>
References: <tencent_B1D6CBBF95486E31D04C2E1B92F5E605A307@qq.com>
Message-ID: <918f7cdc-c0bc-4cbb-8385-ca0ddb2180c1@lunn.ch>

On Sat, May 02, 2026 at 07:19:16PM +0800, Wang Zihan wrote:
> Remove duplicated words in three documentation files:
> - "in in" -> "in" (switchdev.rst)
> - "The the" -> "The" (dmx-reqbufs.rst)
> - "on on" -> "on" (user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst)

https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/maintainer-netdev.html

* don?t repost your patches within one 24h period

We have already told you one of the fixes is wrong, but you did not
wait 24 hours, so have not see our feedback.

Also, in general when using a tool, assume it is wrong, and convince
yourself it is correct, before making a change. "The the in this
sentence is the subject." What does the bot make of that? Can you
convince yourself the bot is correct?

    Andrew

---
pw-bot: cr


From benjamin at sipsolutions.net  Tue May  5 05:43:18 2026
From: benjamin at sipsolutions.net (Benjamin Berg)
Date: Tue,  5 May 2026 14:43:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] um: virtio-pci: free the IRQ message buffers
Message-ID: <20260505124317.2330700-2-benjamin@sipsolutions.net>

From: Benjamin Berg <benjamin.berg at intel.com>

These buffers are allocated when initializing the virtual queues, but
were not freed again. Wrap all of the del_vqs calls to detach and free
the unused buffers before deleting the IRQ VQ.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Berg <benjamin.berg at intel.com>
---
 arch/um/drivers/virtio_pcidev.c | 19 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_pcidev.c b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_pcidev.c
index 2bf5a645db45..53cffd373890 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_pcidev.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_pcidev.c
@@ -490,13 +490,24 @@ static int virtio_pcidev_init_vqs(struct virtio_pcidev_device *dev)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void virtio_pcidev_del_vqs(struct virtio_device *vdev,
+				  struct virtio_pcidev_device *dev)
+{
+	void *msg;
+
+	while ((msg = virtqueue_detach_unused_buf(dev->irq_vq)))
+		kfree(msg);
+
+	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
+}
+
 static void __virtio_pcidev_virtio_platform_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev,
 						   struct virtio_pcidev_device *dev)
 {
 	um_pci_platform_device_unregister(&dev->pdev);
 
 	virtio_reset_device(vdev);
-	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
+	virtio_pcidev_del_vqs(vdev, dev);
 
 	kfree(dev);
 }
@@ -526,7 +537,7 @@ static int virtio_pcidev_virtio_platform_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev,
 	um_pci_platform_device_unregister(&dev->pdev);
 err_reset:
 	virtio_reset_device(vdev);
-	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
+	virtio_pcidev_del_vqs(vdev, dev);
 err_free:
 	kfree(dev);
 	return err;
@@ -569,7 +580,7 @@ static int virtio_pcidev_virtio_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 
 err_reset:
 	virtio_reset_device(vdev);
-	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
+	virtio_pcidev_del_vqs(vdev, dev);
 err_free:
 	kfree(dev);
 	return err;
@@ -591,9 +602,9 @@ static void virtio_pcidev_virtio_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 
 	/* Stop all virtqueues */
 	virtio_reset_device(vdev);
+	virtio_pcidev_del_vqs(vdev, dev);
 	dev->cmd_vq = NULL;
 	dev->irq_vq = NULL;
-	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
 
 	kfree(dev);
 }
-- 
2.54.0



From reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com  Fri May  8 09:38:03 2026
From: reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com (Adrien Reynard)
Date: Fri,  8 May 2026 18:38:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
Message-ID: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com>
---
 Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst                   | 2 +-
 Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst              | 2 +-
 Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
index 4968b2aa60c8..3a8bd40ad905 100644
--- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
+++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ reserved to tag freed memory regions.
 If the hardware does not support MTE (pre ARMv8.5), Hardware Tag-Based KASAN
 will not be enabled. In this case, all KASAN boot parameters are ignored.
 
-Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in in-kernel TBI being
+Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in-kernel TBI being
 enabled. Even when ``kasan.mode=off`` is provided or when the hardware does not
 support MTE (but supports TBI).
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
index 2966b7122f05..948bce44ca9b 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
 monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.  For example, a port moved into a
 bond will see its upper master change.  If that bond is moved into a bridge,
 the bond's upper master will change.  And so on.  The driver will track such
-movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
+movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by
 registering for netdevice events and acting on NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER.
 
 L2 Forwarding Offload
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
index c37e8e594d12..7b08738c30aa 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ be formatted as plain text.
 
 Developing always goes hand in hand with debugging. First of all,
 you can always run UML under gdb and there will be a whole section
-later on on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
+later on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
 debug a Linux kernel. Quite often adding tracing statements and/or
 using UML specific approaches such as ptracing the UML kernel process
 are significantly more informative.
-- 
2.54.0



From skhan at linuxfoundation.org  Fri May  8 10:23:43 2026
From: skhan at linuxfoundation.org (Shuah Khan)
Date: Fri, 8 May 2026 11:23:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
In-Reply-To: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>

On 5/8/26 10:38, Adrien Reynard wrote:

Missing commit log

> Signed-off-by: Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com>
> ---
>   Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst                   | 2 +-
>   Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst              | 2 +-
>   Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
>   3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> index 4968b2aa60c8..3a8bd40ad905 100644
> --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ reserved to tag freed memory regions.
>   If the hardware does not support MTE (pre ARMv8.5), Hardware Tag-Based KASAN
>   will not be enabled. In this case, all KASAN boot parameters are ignored.
>   
> -Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in in-kernel TBI being
> +Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in-kernel TBI being

This is correct the way it is - no need to change this. "results in in-kernel"

>   enabled. Even when ``kasan.mode=off`` is provided or when the hardware does not
>   support MTE (but supports TBI).
>   
> diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> index 2966b7122f05..948bce44ca9b 100644
> --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
>   monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.  For example, a port moved into a
>   bond will see its upper master change.  If that bond is moved into a bridge,
>   the bond's upper master will change.  And so on.  The driver will track such
> -movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
> +movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by

This looks fine.

>   registering for netdevice events and acting on NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER.
>   
>   L2 Forwarding Offload
> diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> index c37e8e594d12..7b08738c30aa 100644
> --- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ be formatted as plain text.
>   
>   Developing always goes hand in hand with debugging. First of all,
>   you can always run UML under gdb and there will be a whole section
> -later on on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
> +later on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to

This change is not needed. If at all add a comma after "later" to make
a distinction between the use two back to back "on"s

  "later on,"

>   debug a Linux kernel. Quite often adding tracing statements and/or
>   using UML specific approaches such as ptracing the UML kernel process
>   are significantly more informative.

With these changes:

Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <skhan at linuxfoundation.org>

thanks,
-- Shuah


From rdunlap at infradead.org  Fri May  8 10:44:10 2026
From: rdunlap at infradead.org (Randy Dunlap)
Date: Fri, 8 May 2026 10:44:10 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
In-Reply-To: <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
 <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
Message-ID: <7bb54e36-44cf-4816-b66d-a18534ea05c8@infradead.org>



On 5/8/26 10:23 AM, Shuah Khan wrote:
> On 5/8/26 10:38, Adrien Reynard wrote:
> 
> Missing commit log
> 
>> Signed-off-by: Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com>
>> ---
>> ? Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst?????????????????? | 2 +-
>> ? Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst????????????? | 2 +-
>> ? Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
>> ? 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
>> index 4968b2aa60c8..3a8bd40ad905 100644
>> --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
>> +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
>> @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ reserved to tag freed memory regions.
>> ? If the hardware does not support MTE (pre ARMv8.5), Hardware Tag-Based KASAN
>> ? will not be enabled. In this case, all KASAN boot parameters are ignored.
>> ? -Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in in-kernel TBI being
>> +Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in-kernel TBI being
> 
> This is correct the way it is - no need to change this. "results in in-kernel"

ack.

>> ? enabled. Even when ``kasan.mode=off`` is provided or when the hardware does not
>> ? support MTE (but supports TBI).
>> ? diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
>> index 2966b7122f05..948bce44ca9b 100644
>> --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
>> +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
>> @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
>> ? monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.? For example, a port moved into a
>> ? bond will see its upper master change.? If that bond is moved into a bridge,
>> ? the bond's upper master will change.? And so on.? The driver will track such
>> -movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
>> +movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by
> 
> This looks fine.

Change not needed.

>> ? registering for netdevice events and acting on NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER.
>> ? ? L2 Forwarding Offload
>> diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
>> index c37e8e594d12..7b08738c30aa 100644
>> --- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
>> +++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
>> @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ be formatted as plain text.
>> ? ? Developing always goes hand in hand with debugging. First of all,
>> ? you can always run UML under gdb and there will be a whole section
>> -later on on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
>> +later on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
> 
> This change is not needed. If at all add a comma after "later" to make
> a distinction between the use two back to back "on"s
> 
> ?"later on,"

We disagree. :)
This change LGTM.

-- 
~Randy



From david.laight.linux at gmail.com  Fri May  8 11:28:55 2026
From: david.laight.linux at gmail.com (David Laight)
Date: Fri, 8 May 2026 19:28:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across
 documentation
In-Reply-To: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <20260508192855.3b024c83@pumpkin>

On Fri,  8 May 2026 18:38:03 +0200
Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com> wrote:

Nope, all these are correct as is.
I'm not looking at any more.

> Signed-off-by: Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst                   | 2 +-
>  Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst              | 2 +-
>  Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
>  3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> index 4968b2aa60c8..3a8bd40ad905 100644
> --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ reserved to tag freed memory regions.
>  If the hardware does not support MTE (pre ARMv8.5), Hardware Tag-Based KASAN
>  will not be enabled. In this case, all KASAN boot parameters are ignored.
>  
> -Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in in-kernel TBI being
> +Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in-kernel TBI being
>  enabled. Even when ``kasan.mode=off`` is provided or when the hardware does not
>  support MTE (but supports TBI).
>  
> diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> index 2966b7122f05..948bce44ca9b 100644
> --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
>  monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.  For example, a port moved into a
>  bond will see its upper master change.  If that bond is moved into a bridge,
>  the bond's upper master will change.  And so on.  The driver will track such
> -movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
> +movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by
>  registering for netdevice events and acting on NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER.
>  
>  L2 Forwarding Offload
> diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> index c37e8e594d12..7b08738c30aa 100644
> --- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ be formatted as plain text.
>  
>  Developing always goes hand in hand with debugging. First of all,
>  you can always run UML under gdb and there will be a whole section
> -later on on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
> +later on how to do that. That, however, is not the only way to
>  debug a Linux kernel. Quite often adding tracing statements and/or
>  using UML specific approaches such as ptracing the UML kernel process
>  are significantly more informative.



From florian.fainelli at broadcom.com  Fri May  8 13:52:41 2026
From: florian.fainelli at broadcom.com (Florian Fainelli)
Date: Fri,  8 May 2026 13:52:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH stable 5.15] um: virt-pci: Fix build failure
Message-ID: <20260508205241.962178-1-florian.fainelli@broadcom.com>

Commit a27e95a6ff3f ("um: virt-pci: properly remove PCI device from
bus") assumed that virtio_reset_device() is present in the 5.15.y kernel
but it is not and so backport would now cause a build failure.

Fixes: a27e95a6ff3f ("um: virt-pci: properly remove PCI device from bus")
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <florian.fainelli at broadcom.com>
---
 arch/um/drivers/virt-pci.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/virt-pci.c b/arch/um/drivers/virt-pci.c
index d762d726b66c..0666c9e0998d 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/virt-pci.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/virt-pci.c
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ static void um_pci_virtio_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 	}
 
 	/* Stop all virtqueues */
-	virtio_reset_device(vdev);
+	vdev->config->reset(vdev);
 	dev->cmd_vq = NULL;
 	dev->irq_vq = NULL;
 	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
-- 
2.43.0



From andrew at lunn.ch  Fri May  8 15:41:50 2026
From: andrew at lunn.ch (Andrew Lunn)
Date: Sat, 9 May 2026 00:41:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
In-Reply-To: <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
 <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
Message-ID: <3c6cde1a-9ce0-4d63-ba89-820c596cff3e@lunn.ch>

On Fri, May 08, 2026 at 11:23:43AM -0600, Shuah Khan wrote:
> On 5/8/26 10:38, Adrien Reynard wrote:
> 
> Missing commit log
> 
> > Signed-off-by: Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com>
> > ---
> >   Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst                   | 2 +-
> >   Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst              | 2 +-
> >   Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
> >   3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> > index 4968b2aa60c8..3a8bd40ad905 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
> > @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ reserved to tag freed memory regions.
> >   If the hardware does not support MTE (pre ARMv8.5), Hardware Tag-Based KASAN
> >   will not be enabled. In this case, all KASAN boot parameters are ignored.
> > -Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in in-kernel TBI being
> > +Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in-kernel TBI being
> 
> This is correct the way it is - no need to change this. "results in in-kernel"
> 
> >   enabled. Even when ``kasan.mode=off`` is provided or when the hardware does not
> >   support MTE (but supports TBI).
> > diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> > index 2966b7122f05..948bce44ca9b 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
> > @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
> >   monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.  For example, a port moved into a
> >   bond will see its upper master change.  If that bond is moved into a bridge,
> >   the bond's upper master will change.  And so on.  The driver will track such
> > -movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
> > +movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by
> 
> This looks fine.

Fine as in the change is correct, or fine in that the original is
correct and the change is wrong?

Because the change is wrong, there should be two in's here. Please
search the archive for an explanation why.

This is the second time in a week i've had to deal with "improvements"
like this actually breaking stuff. Which also shows that the submitter
did not search to see if somebody has tried to fix this once already,
and failed.

Can we get the tool changed to add a warning, something like:

  WARNING: This tool uses very simple pattern matching to look for
  repeated words. It does not understand the complexity of English,
  and will often result in false positive reports. Please assume it is
  wrong until proven otherwise.

       Andrew


From rdunlap at infradead.org  Fri May  8 15:52:39 2026
From: rdunlap at infradead.org (Randy Dunlap)
Date: Fri, 8 May 2026 15:52:39 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
In-Reply-To: <3c6cde1a-9ce0-4d63-ba89-820c596cff3e@lunn.ch>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
 <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
 <3c6cde1a-9ce0-4d63-ba89-820c596cff3e@lunn.ch>
Message-ID: <27c61395-f04f-420c-9a84-7e27773f2027@infradead.org>



On 5/8/26 3:41 PM, Andrew Lunn wrote:
> On Fri, May 08, 2026 at 11:23:43AM -0600, Shuah Khan wrote:
>> On 5/8/26 10:38, Adrien Reynard wrote:
>>
>> Missing commit log
>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Adrien Reynard <reynard.adrien.08 at gmail.com>
>>> ---
>>>   Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst                   | 2 +-
>>>   Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst              | 2 +-
>>>   Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
>>>   3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
>>> index 4968b2aa60c8..3a8bd40ad905 100644
>>> --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
>>> +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kasan.rst
>>> @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ reserved to tag freed memory regions.
>>>   If the hardware does not support MTE (pre ARMv8.5), Hardware Tag-Based KASAN
>>>   will not be enabled. In this case, all KASAN boot parameters are ignored.
>>> -Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in in-kernel TBI being
>>> +Note that enabling CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS always results in-kernel TBI being
>>
>> This is correct the way it is - no need to change this. "results in in-kernel"
>>
>>>   enabled. Even when ``kasan.mode=off`` is provided or when the hardware does not
>>>   support MTE (but supports TBI).
>>> diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
>>> index 2966b7122f05..948bce44ca9b 100644
>>> --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
>>> +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.rst
>>> @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The switchdev driver can know a particular port's position in the topology by
>>>   monitoring NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER notifications.  For example, a port moved into a
>>>   bond will see its upper master change.  If that bond is moved into a bridge,
>>>   the bond's upper master will change.  And so on.  The driver will track such
>>> -movements to know what position a port is in in the overall topology by
>>> +movements to know what position a port is in the overall topology by
>>
>> This looks fine.
> 
> Fine as in the change is correct, or fine in that the original is
> correct and the change is wrong?
> 
> Because the change is wrong, there should be two in's here. Please
> search the archive for an explanation why.
> 
> This is the second time in a week i've had to deal with "improvements"
> like this actually breaking stuff. Which also shows that the submitter
> did not search to see if somebody has tried to fix this once already,
> and failed.
> 
> Can we get the tool changed to add a warning, something like:
> 
>   WARNING: This tool uses very simple pattern matching to look for
>   repeated words. It does not understand the complexity of English,
>   and will often result in false positive reports. Please assume it is
>   wrong until proven otherwise.

There was no commit log and no cover letter AFAIK.
Do we know what tool was used?

Adrien, how did you discover these repeated words?

(If it's my script from 2021, I'll gladly update it.)

-- 
~Randy



From sashal at kernel.org  Fri May  8 19:08:37 2026
From: sashal at kernel.org (Sasha Levin)
Date: Fri,  8 May 2026 22:08:37 -0400
Subject: [PATCH stable 5.15] um: virt-pci: Fix build failure
In-Reply-To: <20260508205241.962178-1-florian.fainelli@broadcom.com>
References: <20260508205241.962178-1-florian.fainelli@broadcom.com>
Message-ID: <20260509015927.agent5-0001@kernel.org>

On Fri, May 08, 2026 at 01:52:41PM -0700, Florian Fainelli wrote:
> Commit a27e95a6ff3f ("um: virt-pci: properly remove PCI device from
> bus") assumed that virtio_reset_device() is present in the 5.15.y kernel
> but it is not and so backport would now cause a build failure.

Queued for 5.15, thanks.

--
Thanks,
Sasha


From andrew at lunn.ch  Sat May  9 12:39:44 2026
From: andrew at lunn.ch (Andrew Lunn)
Date: Sat, 9 May 2026 21:39:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
In-Reply-To: <27c61395-f04f-420c-9a84-7e27773f2027@infradead.org>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
 <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
 <3c6cde1a-9ce0-4d63-ba89-820c596cff3e@lunn.ch>
 <27c61395-f04f-420c-9a84-7e27773f2027@infradead.org>
Message-ID: <3b4357a7-f70d-41b0-a75d-c30f9fb7dd98@lunn.ch>

> > Can we get the tool changed to add a warning, something like:
> > 
> >   WARNING: This tool uses very simple pattern matching to look for
> >   repeated words. It does not understand the complexity of English,
> >   and will often result in false positive reports. Please assume it is
> >   wrong until proven otherwise.
> 
> There was no commit log and no cover letter AFAIK.
> Do we know what tool was used?
> 
> Adrien, how did you discover these repeated words?
> 
> (If it's my script from 2021, I'll gladly update it.)

Thinking about it some more, i think the warning might actually need
to be different.

If this tool has been around since 2021, all the real problems have
been solved, leaving only the false positives. So the warning probably
needs to be much stronger, saying that it probably only reports false
positives, unless the code is new.

Maybe we also want to extend the tool to have a list all the known
false positives?

      Andrew


From rdunlap at infradead.org  Sat May  9 13:41:26 2026
From: rdunlap at infradead.org (Randy Dunlap)
Date: Sat, 9 May 2026 13:41:26 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] docs: fix repeated prepositions across documentation
In-Reply-To: <3b4357a7-f70d-41b0-a75d-c30f9fb7dd98@lunn.ch>
References: <20260508163804.16267-1-reynard.adrien.08@gmail.com>
 <2b771350-0562-4cb1-b9b3-cc3ce59b1a63@linuxfoundation.org>
 <3c6cde1a-9ce0-4d63-ba89-820c596cff3e@lunn.ch>
 <27c61395-f04f-420c-9a84-7e27773f2027@infradead.org>
 <3b4357a7-f70d-41b0-a75d-c30f9fb7dd98@lunn.ch>
Message-ID: <5cc6c7e2-f870-47fd-8fcc-0e4c2b978f2e@infradead.org>



On 5/9/26 12:39 PM, Andrew Lunn wrote:
>>> Can we get the tool changed to add a warning, something like:
>>>
>>>   WARNING: This tool uses very simple pattern matching to look for
>>>   repeated words. It does not understand the complexity of English,
>>>   and will often result in false positive reports. Please assume it is
>>>   wrong until proven otherwise.
>>
>> There was no commit log and no cover letter AFAIK.
>> Do we know what tool was used?
>>
>> Adrien, how did you discover these repeated words?
>>
>> (If it's my script from 2021, I'll gladly update it.)

Adrien is not using my script -- they developed their own script.

> Thinking about it some more, i think the warning might actually need
> to be different.
> 
> If this tool has been around since 2021, all the real problems have
> been solved, leaving only the false positives. So the warning probably
> needs to be much stronger, saying that it probably only reports false
> positives, unless the code is new.

Makes some sense.


> Maybe we also want to extend the tool to have a list all the known
> false positives?

I'm not crazy about that one. And we have no evidence that I am aware
of that my script is causing any of these patches.


-- 
~Randy



From alex.hung at amd.com  Tue May 12 16:26:39 2026
From: alex.hung at amd.com (Alex Hung)
Date: Tue, 12 May 2026 17:26:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 0/1][RFC] Fix no gcda files with kunit.py
Message-ID: <20260512232640.1937941-1-alex.hung@amd.com>

This patch is generated by Claude Sonnet and it is outside my knowledge
domain. Any comments or solutions are appreciated.

Command: CC="ccache gcc" ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --kunitconfig drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm/tests/.kunitconfig

Without this patch, the error messages is shown with some WIP kunit
patches by lcov command:

Found gcov version: 13.3.0
Using intermediate gcov format
Writing temporary data to /tmp/geninfo_dat9yJO
Scanning .kunit/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm for .gcda files ...
geninfo: ERROR: no .gcda files found in .kunit/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm\
...

With this fix, it shows

Found gcov version: 13.3.0
Using intermediate gcov format
Writing temporary data to /tmp/geninfo_datLqI9
Scanning .kunit/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm for .gcda files ...
Found 25 data files in .kunit/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm
Processing .kunit/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/amdgpu_dm/amdgpu_dm_psr.gcda
...

Alex Hung (1):
  um: include .fini_array.* in linker scripts

 arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S | 1 +
 arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S         | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

--
2.43.0



From alex.hung at amd.com  Tue May 12 16:26:40 2026
From: alex.hung at amd.com (Alex Hung)
Date: Tue, 12 May 2026 17:26:40 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 1/1[RFC] um: include .fini_array.* in linker scripts
In-Reply-To: <20260512232640.1937941-1-alex.hung@amd.com>
References: <20260512232640.1937941-1-alex.hung@amd.com>
Message-ID: <20260512232640.1937941-2-alex.hung@amd.com>

GCC emits per-translation-unit gcov destructors into
.fini_array.NNNNN sections (prioritized). The UML linker
scripts only captured *(.fini_array), silently discarding
all prioritized destructor entries.

As a result, gcov's __gcov_exit never ran at process halt
and no .gcda files were written after KUnit tests completed.

Add *(.fini_array.*) to common.lds.S and dyn.lds.S, mirroring
the existing *(.init_array.*) pattern already present for
constructors.

Signed-off-by: Alex Hung <alex.hung at amd.com>
Assisted-by: Copilot:Claude-Sonnet-4.6
---
 arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S | 1 +
 arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S         | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S b/arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S
index fd481ac371de..336361412b47 100644
--- a/arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S
+++ b/arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
   }
   .fini_array : {
 	__fini_array_start = .;
+	*(.fini_array.*)
 	*(.fini_array)
 	__fini_array_end = .;
   }
diff --git a/arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S b/arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S
index ad3cefeff2ac..fbd8d559f21f 100644
--- a/arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S
+++ b/arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ SECTIONS
     *(.init_array.*)
     *(.init_array)
   }
-  .fini_array     : { *(.fini_array) }
+  .fini_array     : { *(.fini_array.*) *(.fini_array) }
   .data           : {
     INIT_TASK_DATA(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE)
     DATA_DATA
--
2.43.0



From ssh1326 at icloud.com  Sat May 16 19:24:44 2026
From: ssh1326 at icloud.com (Sakurai Shun)
Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 11:24:44 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] docs: fix typo in user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
Message-ID: <20260517022456.5895-1-ssh1326@icloud.com>

Replace "privilges" with "privileges"

Signed-off-by: Sakurai Shun <ssh1326 at icloud.com>
---
 Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
index c37e8e594..9224bea5e 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ an ioctl to setup the tun interface and/or use raw sockets where needed.
 This can be achieved by granting the user a particular capability instead
 of running UML as root.  In case of vector transport, a user can add the
 capability ``CAP_NET_ADMIN`` or ``CAP_NET_RAW`` to the uml binary.
-Thenceforth, UML can be run with normal user privilges, along with
+Thenceforth, UML can be run with normal user privileges, along with
 full networking.
 
 For example::
-- 
2.54.0



From tiwei.btw at antgroup.com  Sun May 17 16:36:41 2026
From: tiwei.btw at antgroup.com (Tiwei Bie)
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 07:36:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] um: Tighten exec permissions on page mappings
Message-ID: <20260517233641.127433-1-tiwei.btw@antgroup.com>

In UML, page mappings are backed by mmap, which allows us to
effectively manage exec permissions. Introduce a _PAGE_EXEC
bit so that pages can be mapped without granting unnecessary
exec permissions.

Signed-off-by: Tiwei Bie <tiwei.btw at antgroup.com>
---
 arch/um/include/asm/pgtable.h | 25 ++++++++++++++++---------
 arch/um/kernel/mem.c          | 16 ++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/um/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/um/include/asm/pgtable.h
index 88ea8434364d..6304026a2b2e 100644
--- a/arch/um/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/um/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #define _PAGE_PRESENT	0x001
 #define _PAGE_NEEDSYNC	0x002
+#define _PAGE_EXEC	0x004
 #define _PAGE_RW	0x020
 #define _PAGE_USER	0x040
 #define _PAGE_ACCESSED	0x080
@@ -55,14 +56,19 @@ extern pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD];
 #define _PAGE_TABLE	(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_DIRTY)
 #define _KERNPG_TABLE	(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_DIRTY)
 #define _PAGE_CHG_MASK	(PAGE_MASK | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_DIRTY)
-#define __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC                                              \
-	 (_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
-#define PAGE_NONE	__pgprot(_PAGE_PROTNONE | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
-#define PAGE_SHARED	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
-#define PAGE_COPY	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
-#define PAGE_READONLY	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
-#define PAGE_KERNEL	__pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
-#define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC	__pgprot(__PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC)
+
+#define _PAGE_BASE		(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
+#define PAGE_NONE		__pgprot(_PAGE_PROTNONE | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
+#define PAGE_SHARED		__pgprot(_PAGE_BASE | _PAGE_RW)
+#define PAGE_SHARED_EXEC	__pgprot(_PAGE_BASE | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_EXEC)
+#define PAGE_COPY		__pgprot(_PAGE_BASE)
+#define PAGE_COPY_EXEC		__pgprot(_PAGE_BASE | _PAGE_EXEC)
+#define PAGE_READONLY		__pgprot(_PAGE_BASE)
+#define PAGE_READONLY_EXEC	__pgprot(_PAGE_BASE | _PAGE_EXEC)
+
+#define _PAGE_KERNEL		(_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW | _PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_ACCESSED)
+#define PAGE_KERNEL		__pgprot(_PAGE_KERNEL)
+#define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC	__pgprot(_PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_EXEC)
 
 /*
  * The i386 can't do page protection for execute, and considers that the same
@@ -117,7 +123,8 @@ static inline int pte_read(pte_t pte)
 
 static inline int pte_exec(pte_t pte)
 {
-	return !pte_get_bits(pte, _PAGE_PROTNONE);
+	return pte_get_bits(pte, _PAGE_EXEC) &&
+	       !pte_get_bits(pte, _PAGE_PROTNONE);
 }
 
 static inline int pte_write(pte_t pte)
diff --git a/arch/um/kernel/mem.c b/arch/um/kernel/mem.c
index 1eef0e42ef5d..7a018357aba4 100644
--- a/arch/um/kernel/mem.c
+++ b/arch/um/kernel/mem.c
@@ -115,18 +115,18 @@ static const pgprot_t protection_map[16] = {
 	[VM_READ]					= PAGE_READONLY,
 	[VM_WRITE]					= PAGE_COPY,
 	[VM_WRITE | VM_READ]				= PAGE_COPY,
-	[VM_EXEC]					= PAGE_READONLY,
-	[VM_EXEC | VM_READ]				= PAGE_READONLY,
-	[VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE]				= PAGE_COPY,
-	[VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_READ]			= PAGE_COPY,
+	[VM_EXEC]					= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
+	[VM_EXEC | VM_READ]				= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
+	[VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE]				= PAGE_COPY_EXEC,
+	[VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_READ]			= PAGE_COPY_EXEC,
 	[VM_SHARED]					= PAGE_NONE,
 	[VM_SHARED | VM_READ]				= PAGE_READONLY,
 	[VM_SHARED | VM_WRITE]				= PAGE_SHARED,
 	[VM_SHARED | VM_WRITE | VM_READ]		= PAGE_SHARED,
-	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC]				= PAGE_READONLY,
-	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_READ]			= PAGE_READONLY,
-	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE]		= PAGE_SHARED,
-	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_READ]	= PAGE_SHARED
+	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC]				= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
+	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_READ]			= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
+	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE]		= PAGE_SHARED_EXEC,
+	[VM_SHARED | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_READ]	= PAGE_SHARED_EXEC
 };
 DECLARE_VM_GET_PAGE_PROT
 
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:13 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 00/11] Convert moduleparams to seq_buf
Message-ID: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>

Hi,

I tried to trim the CC list here, but it's still pretty huge...

We've had a long-standing issue with "write to a string pointer" callbacks
that don't bounds check the destination (and for which the bounds is
also not part of the callback prototype, even if it is "known" to be
PAGE_SIZE, which sysfs_emit() depends on). Both moduleparams and sysfs
use this pattern. As a first step, and to test the migration method,
migrate moduleparams first.

There are 2 "mechanical" treewide patches that are handled by Coccinelle:
- treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
- treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks to seq_buf via cocci

The last treewide patch is manual, and may need to be broken up into
per-subsystem patches, though I'd prefer to avoid this, as it would
extend the migration from 1 relase to at least 2 releases. (1 to
release the migration infrastructure, then 1 release to collect all the
subsystem changes, and possibly 1 more release to remove the migration
infrastructure.)

Thoughts, questions?

-Kees

Kees Cook (10):
  panic: Replace panic_print_get() with generic helper
  moduleparam: Add DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS macro family
  treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops initializers to
    DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
  moduleparam: Rename .get field to .get_str
  moduleparam: Add seq_buf-based .get callback alongside .get_str
  moduleparam: Route DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS get pointer via _Generic
  params: Convert generic kernel_param_ops .get helpers to seq_buf
  treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks to seq_buf
    via cocci
  treewide: Manually convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks
  moduleparam: Drop legacy kernel_param_ops .get_str field and dispatch
    logic

Pengpeng Hou (1):
  params: bound array element output to the caller's page buffer

 include/linux/dynamic_debug.h                 |   8 +-
 include/linux/moduleparam.h                   |  65 +++++++---
 security/apparmor/include/lib.h               |   3 +-
 mm/kfence/core.c                              |  15 ++-
 arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c                  |   5 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c               |  12 +-
 arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c                   |   9 +-
 arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c                  |  18 +--
 arch/x86/kernel/msr.c                         |  11 +-
 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c                        |  28 ++--
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c                       |  14 +-
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        |  24 ++--
 arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c                 |  24 ++--
 block/disk-events.c                           |   6 +-
 drivers/acpi/button.c                         |  19 ++-
 drivers/acpi/ec.c                             |  14 +-
 drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                          | 114 ++++++++--------
 drivers/block/loop.c                          |  12 +-
 drivers/block/null_blk/main.c                 |  12 +-
 drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c                 |   6 +-
 drivers/block/ublk_drv.c                      |  12 +-
 drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c           |  12 +-
 drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c             |  50 +++----
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c     |  16 +--
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c      |  23 +---
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c     |   5 +-
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c       |  21 +--
 drivers/dma/dmatest.c                         |  34 ++---
 drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c                     |   6 +-
 drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c             |   6 +-
 drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c              |  18 +--
 drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c                |  40 +++---
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c                   |  13 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c       |  31 ++---
 drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c    |   6 +-
 drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c                      |   6 +-
 drivers/hid/hid-steam.c                       |   6 +-
 drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c           |  12 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c      |   6 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c       |   6 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c           |  12 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c         |   5 +-
 drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c              |  23 ++--
 drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c            |  15 ++-
 drivers/md/md.c                               |   5 +-
 drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c        |   6 +-
 drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c            |  14 +-
 drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c            |   5 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c       |  10 +-
 drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c                 |  17 +--
 drivers/nvme/host/pci.c                       |  18 +--
 drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c                    |   5 +-
 drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c                     |   5 +-
 drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c                       |  17 ++-
 drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c                |   5 +-
 drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c        |   6 +-
 drivers/power/supply/test_power.c             | 122 +++++++++---------
 drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c            |  22 ++--
 drivers/scsi/sg.c                             |   6 +-
 drivers/target/target_core_user.c             |  25 ++--
 .../processor_thermal_soc_slider.c            |  24 ++--
 drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c      |  34 ++---
 drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c                    |  24 ++--
 drivers/tty/sysrq.c                           |   6 +-
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c        |  12 +-
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c                    |  18 +--
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c                   |   5 +-
 drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c                     |  12 +-
 drivers/usb/core/quirks.c                     |   6 +-
 drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c            |   5 +-
 drivers/usb/storage/usb.c                     |  25 ++--
 drivers/vhost/scsi.c                          |  12 +-
 drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c     |   6 +-
 drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c                  |  27 ++--
 fs/ceph/super.c                               |  10 +-
 fs/fuse/dir.c                                 |   5 +-
 fs/nfs/namespace.c                            |  12 +-
 fs/nfs/super.c                                |   6 +-
 fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c                        |   5 +-
 fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c                        |   5 +-
 fs/ubifs/super.c                              |   6 +-
 kernel/locking/locktorture.c                  |  12 +-
 kernel/panic.c                                |  11 +-
 kernel/params.c                               | 122 +++++++++---------
 kernel/power/hibernate.c                      |   6 +-
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                             |  24 ++--
 kernel/sched/ext.c                            |  11 +-
 kernel/workqueue.c                            |  18 ++-
 lib/dynamic_debug.c                           |  16 ++-
 lib/test_dynamic_debug.c                      |  12 +-
 mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           |  33 +++--
 mm/damon/reclaim.c                            |  33 +++--
 mm/damon/stat.c                               |  16 +--
 mm/memory_hotplug.c                           |  30 +++--
 mm/page_reporting.c                           |  11 +-
 mm/shuffle.c                                  |   6 +-
 mm/zswap.c                                    |  14 +-
 net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c                     |   6 +-
 net/ceph/ceph_common.c                        |  10 +-
 net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c                          |   6 +-
 net/sunrpc/auth.c                             |  12 +-
 net/sunrpc/svc.c                              |   5 +-
 net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c                         |  18 +--
 samples/damon/mtier.c                         |   6 +-
 samples/damon/prcl.c                          |   6 +-
 samples/damon/wsse.c                          |   6 +-
 security/apparmor/lib.c                       |  27 ++--
 security/apparmor/lsm.c                       |  75 +++++------
 sound/hda/controllers/intel.c                 |   5 +-
 sound/usb/card.c                              |   7 +-
 110 files changed, 854 insertions(+), 1066 deletions(-)

-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:18 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:18 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] moduleparam: Rename .get field to .get_str
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-5-kees@kernel.org>

Now that every kernel_param_ops initializer in the tree goes through
DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, no source file outside kernel/params.c and
include/linux/moduleparam.h references the .get field by name. Take
advantage of that to rename the field to .get_str.

The bare .get name is now free for the next commit, which adds it
back as a struct seq_buf *-based callback.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/moduleparam.h | 8 ++++----
 kernel/params.c             | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index 26bf45b36d02..f5f4148e2504 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	/* Returns 0, or -errno.  arg is in kp->arg. */
 	int (*set)(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 	/* Returns length written or -errno.  Buffer is 4k (ie. be short!) */
-	int (*get)(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+	int (*get_str)(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 	/* Optional function to free kp->arg when module unloaded. */
 	void (*free)(void *arg);
 };
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(_name, _set, _get)			\
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get = (_get),						\
+		.get_str = (_get),					\
 	}
 
 /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG set. */
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,			\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get = (_get),						\
+		.get_str = (_get),					\
 	}
 
 /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with an additional .free callback. */
 #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(_name, _set, _get, _free)		\
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get = (_get),						\
+		.get_str = (_get),					\
 		.free = (_free),					\
 	}
 
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index e19fff2926bc..6852caea1785 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ static int param_array_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	for (i = off = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
 		p.arg = arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i;
 		check_kparam_locked(p.mod);
-		ret = arr->ops->get(elem_buf, &p);
+		ret = arr->ops->get_str(elem_buf, &p);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			goto out;
 		ret = min(ret, (int)(PAGE_SIZE - 1 - off));
@@ -554,11 +554,11 @@ static ssize_t param_attr_show(const struct module_attribute *mattr,
 	int count;
 	const struct param_attribute *attribute = to_param_attr(mattr);
 
-	if (!attribute->param->ops->get)
+	if (!attribute->param->ops->get_str)
 		return -EPERM;
 
 	kernel_param_lock(mk->mod);
-	count = attribute->param->ops->get(buf, attribute->param);
+	count = attribute->param->ops->get_str(buf, attribute->param);
 	kernel_param_unlock(mk->mod);
 	return count;
 }
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:15 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] panic: Replace panic_print_get() with generic helper
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-2-kees@kernel.org>

Since panic_print_get() just calls the ulong helper directly, there is
no need for it to exist as a wrapper.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 kernel/panic.c | 7 +------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/panic.c b/kernel/panic.c
index 20feada5319d..42e5ebde4585 100644
--- a/kernel/panic.c
+++ b/kernel/panic.c
@@ -1214,14 +1214,9 @@ static int panic_print_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return  param_set_ulong(val, kp);
 }
 
-static int panic_print_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
-{
-	return  param_get_ulong(val, kp);
-}
-
 static const struct kernel_param_ops panic_print_ops = {
 	.set	= panic_print_set,
-	.get	= panic_print_get,
+	.get	= param_get_ulong,
 };
 __core_param_cb(panic_print, &panic_print_ops, &panic_print, 0644);
 
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:16 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] moduleparam: Add DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS macro family
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-3-kees@kernel.org>

Add macros that define a struct kernel_param_ops initializer through a
macro so the underlying field layout can evolve without touching every
call site. Three variants cover the three cases:

 DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(name, set, get) // basic
 DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(name, set, get) // set KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG
 DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(name, set, get, free) // also set .free

Callers prefix their own visibility qualifiers, e.g.:

  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);

Also update module_param_call() and STANDARD_PARAM_DEF() to use
DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS internally so the generated ops table will go
through the same macro as everything else.

Subsequent commits convert all open-coded struct kernel_param_ops
definitions to use these macros, in preparation for migrating to a
seq_buf .get API.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/moduleparam.h | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 kernel/params.c             |  6 ++----
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index 075f28585074..26bf45b36d02 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -68,6 +68,39 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	void (*free)(void *arg);
 };
 
+/*
+ * Define a const struct kernel_param_ops initializer. Callers prefix with
+ * any required visibility qualifiers (typically "static"):
+ *
+ *   static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);
+ *
+ * Routing the @_set and @_get function pointers through the macro
+ * (rather than naming the struct fields at every call site) lets the
+ * field layout change in one place when callbacks are migrated to a
+ * new signature.
+ */
+#define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(_name, _set, _get)			\
+	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
+		.set = (_set),						\
+		.get = (_get),						\
+	}
+
+/* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG set. */
+#define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(_name, _set, _get)		\
+	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
+		.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,			\
+		.set = (_set),						\
+		.get = (_get),						\
+	}
+
+/* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with an additional .free callback. */
+#define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(_name, _set, _get, _free)		\
+	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
+		.set = (_set),						\
+		.get = (_get),						\
+		.free = (_free),					\
+	}
+
 /*
  * Flags available for kernel_param
  *
@@ -311,8 +344,7 @@ struct kparam_array
  * kernel_param_ops), use module_param_cb() instead.
  */
 #define module_param_call(name, _set, _get, arg, perm)			\
-	static const struct kernel_param_ops __param_ops_##name =	\
-		{ .flags = 0, .set = _set, .get = _get };		\
+	static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(__param_ops_##name, _set, _get); \
 	__module_param_call(MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX,			\
 			    name, &__param_ops_##name, arg, perm, -1, 0)
 
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index 752721922a15..2cbad1f4dd06 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -222,10 +222,8 @@ char *parse_args(const char *doing,
 		return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, format "\n",	\
 				*((type *)kp->arg));			\
 	}								\
-	const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_##name = {			\
-		.set = param_set_##name,				\
-		.get = param_get_##name,				\
-	};								\
+	DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_##name,			\
+				param_set_##name, param_get_##name);	\
 	EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_##name);				\
 	EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_##name);				\
 	EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_##name)
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:17 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>

Using Coccinelle, rewrite every struct kernel_param_ops initializer that
sets .get into a DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS-family macro invocation,
for example:

@@
declarer name DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS;
identifier OPS;
expression SET, GET;
@@
- const struct kernel_param_ops OPS = {
-       .set = SET,
-       .get = GET,
- };
+ DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(OPS, SET, GET);

Using the macro for initialization means future changes can manipulate
the struct layout and callback prototypes without having to change every
initializer.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 mm/kfence/core.c                              |  7 +-
 arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c                  |  5 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c               |  6 +-
 arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c                   |  6 +-
 arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c                  |  6 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/msr.c                         |  6 +-
 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c                        | 12 +--
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c                       |  6 +-
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        |  6 +-
 arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c                 | 12 +--
 block/disk-events.c                           |  6 +-
 drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                          | 25 +++----
 drivers/block/loop.c                          | 12 +--
 drivers/block/null_blk/main.c                 | 12 +--
 drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c                 |  6 +-
 drivers/block/ublk_drv.c                      |  7 +-
 drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c           |  6 +-
 drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c             | 17 ++---
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c     | 16 +---
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c      | 23 ++----
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c     |  5 +-
 drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c       | 21 ++----
 drivers/dma/dmatest.c                         | 20 ++---
 drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c                     |  6 +-
 drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c             |  6 +-
 drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c              |  6 +-
 drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c                |  6 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c                   |  6 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c       |  5 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c    |  6 +-
 drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c                      |  6 +-
 drivers/hid/hid-steam.c                       |  6 +-
 drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c           |  5 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c      |  6 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c       |  6 +-
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c           |  5 +-
 drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c              | 13 ++--
 drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c            |  6 +-
 drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c            |  6 +-
 drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c            |  5 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c       | 10 +--
 drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c                 | 12 +--
 drivers/nvme/host/pci.c                       | 18 ++---
 drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c                    |  5 +-
 drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c                     |  5 +-
 drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c                |  5 +-
 drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c        |  6 +-
 drivers/power/supply/test_power.c             | 75 ++++++++-----------
 drivers/scsi/sg.c                             |  6 +-
 drivers/target/target_core_user.c             | 13 ++--
 .../processor_thermal_soc_slider.c            | 12 +--
 drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c      | 20 +----
 drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c                    |  6 +-
 drivers/tty/sysrq.c                           |  6 +-
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c        |  5 +-
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c                    | 18 ++---
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c                   |  5 +-
 drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c                     | 12 +--
 drivers/usb/core/quirks.c                     |  6 +-
 drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c            |  5 +-
 drivers/usb/storage/usb.c                     |  5 +-
 drivers/vhost/scsi.c                          |  7 +-
 drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c     |  6 +-
 drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c                  |  6 +-
 fs/ceph/super.c                               | 10 +--
 fs/fuse/dir.c                                 |  5 +-
 fs/nfs/namespace.c                            |  6 +-
 fs/nfs/super.c                                |  6 +-
 fs/ubifs/super.c                              |  6 +-
 kernel/locking/locktorture.c                  |  6 +-
 kernel/panic.c                                |  6 +-
 kernel/params.c                               | 44 +++--------
 kernel/power/hibernate.c                      |  6 +-
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                             | 18 ++---
 kernel/sched/ext.c                            | 11 +--
 kernel/workqueue.c                            | 12 +--
 lib/dynamic_debug.c                           |  6 +-
 lib/test_dynamic_debug.c                      |  6 +-
 mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           | 19 ++---
 mm/damon/reclaim.c                            | 19 ++---
 mm/damon/stat.c                               |  6 +-
 mm/memory_hotplug.c                           | 12 +--
 mm/page_reporting.c                           | 11 +--
 mm/shuffle.c                                  |  6 +-
 mm/zswap.c                                    | 14 ++--
 net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c                     |  6 +-
 net/ceph/ceph_common.c                        |  5 +-
 net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c                          |  6 +-
 net/sunrpc/auth.c                             |  6 +-
 net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c                         | 18 ++---
 samples/damon/mtier.c                         |  6 +-
 samples/damon/prcl.c                          |  6 +-
 samples/damon/wsse.c                          |  6 +-
 security/apparmor/lsm.c                       | 34 +++------
 sound/hda/controllers/intel.c                 |  5 +-
 sound/usb/card.c                              |  7 +-
 96 files changed, 307 insertions(+), 660 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/kfence/core.c b/mm/kfence/core.c
index 655dc5ce3240..e14102c01520 100644
--- a/mm/kfence/core.c
+++ b/mm/kfence/core.c
@@ -92,10 +92,9 @@ static int param_get_sample_interval(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp
 	return param_get_ulong(buffer, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops sample_interval_param_ops = {
-	.set = param_set_sample_interval,
-	.get = param_get_sample_interval,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sample_interval_param_ops,
+			       param_set_sample_interval,
+			       param_get_sample_interval);
 module_param_cb(sample_interval, &sample_interval_param_ops, &kfence_sample_interval, 0600);
 
 /* Pool usage% threshold when currently covered allocations are skipped. */
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
index 61dbeea317f3..0c15f0426671 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
@@ -114,10 +114,7 @@ module_param(one_vm_per_core, bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(one_vm_per_core, "Only run vCPUs from the same VM on a core (requires POWER8 or older)");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_XICS
-static const struct kernel_param_ops module_param_ops = {
-	.set = param_set_int,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(module_param_ops, param_set_int, param_get_int);
 
 module_param_cb(kvm_irq_bypass, &module_param_ops, &kvm_irq_bypass, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(kvm_irq_bypass, "Bypass passthrough interrupt optimization");
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
index 7bfeb5208177..76119542562b 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
@@ -2029,10 +2029,8 @@ static int param_set_sfb_size(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 
 #define param_check_sfb_size(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_sfb_size = {
-	.set = param_set_sfb_size,
-	.get = param_get_sfb_size,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_sfb_size, param_set_sfb_size,
+			       param_get_sfb_size);
 
 enum {
 	RS_INIT_FAILURE_BSDES	= 2,	/* Bad basic sampling size */
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
index e6dab473cde4..fb7988dc5482 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
@@ -628,10 +628,8 @@ static int uml_vfio_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops = {
-	.set = uml_vfio_cmdline_set,
-	.get = uml_vfio_cmdline_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops, uml_vfio_cmdline_set,
+			       uml_vfio_cmdline_get);
 
 device_param_cb(device, &uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, 0400);
 __uml_help(uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops,
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
index 7425a8548141..f9ae745f4586 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
@@ -1398,10 +1398,8 @@ static int vu_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return strlen(buffer) + 1;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vu_cmdline_param_ops = {
-	.set = vu_cmdline_set,
-	.get = vu_cmdline_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vu_cmdline_param_ops, vu_cmdline_set,
+			       vu_cmdline_get);
 
 device_param_cb(device, &vu_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
 __uml_help(vu_cmdline_param_ops,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
index 4469c784eaa0..5f4e1814dc4d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
@@ -322,10 +322,8 @@ static int get_allow_writes(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", res);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops allow_writes_ops = {
-	.set = set_allow_writes,
-	.get = get_allow_writes
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(allow_writes_ops, set_allow_writes,
+			       get_allow_writes);
 
 module_param_cb(allow_writes, &allow_writes_ops, NULL, 0600);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
index 24fbc9ea502a..996818ee9b09 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
@@ -74,15 +74,11 @@ static int get_nx_huge_pages(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int set_nx_huge_pages(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops nx_huge_pages_ops = {
-	.set = set_nx_huge_pages,
-	.get = get_nx_huge_pages,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(nx_huge_pages_ops, set_nx_huge_pages,
+			       get_nx_huge_pages);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops nx_huge_pages_recovery_param_ops = {
-	.set = set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(nx_huge_pages_recovery_param_ops,
+			       set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param, param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(nx_huge_pages, &nx_huge_pages_ops, &nx_huge_pages, 0644);
 __MODULE_PARM_TYPE(nx_huge_pages, "bool");
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
index adf211860949..7907f9addff9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
@@ -87,11 +87,7 @@ static int avic_param_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_get_bool(buffer, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops avic_ops = {
-	.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
-	.set = avic_param_set,
-	.get = avic_param_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(avic_ops, avic_param_set, avic_param_get);
 
 /*
  * Enable / disable AVIC.  In "auto" mode (default behavior), AVIC is enabled
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index a29896a9ef14..07f4c7209ac0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -465,10 +465,8 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 #endif
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vmentry_l1d_flush_ops = {
-	.set = vmentry_l1d_flush_set,
-	.get = vmentry_l1d_flush_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vmentry_l1d_flush_ops, vmentry_l1d_flush_set,
+			       vmentry_l1d_flush_get);
 module_param_cb(vmentry_l1d_flush, &vmentry_l1d_flush_ops, NULL, 0644);
 
 static __always_inline void vmx_disable_fb_clear(struct vcpu_vmx *vmx)
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
index 5c50e550ab63..a7ac80b5f8d9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
@@ -123,10 +123,8 @@ static int param_set_local64(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_local64 = {
-	.get = param_get_local64,
-	.set = param_set_local64,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_local64, param_set_local64,
+			       param_get_local64);
 #define param_check_local64(name, p) __param_check(name, p, local64_t)
 
 static local64_t uv_nmi_count;
@@ -232,10 +230,8 @@ static int param_set_action(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_action = {
-	.get = param_get_action,
-	.set = param_set_action,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_action, param_set_action,
+			       param_get_action);
 #define param_check_action(name, p) __param_check(name, p, enum action_t)
 
 module_param_named(action, uv_nmi_action, action, 0644);
diff --git a/block/disk-events.c b/block/disk-events.c
index 074731ecc3d2..f2d4b48294c6 100644
--- a/block/disk-events.c
+++ b/block/disk-events.c
@@ -416,10 +416,8 @@ static int disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops = {
-	.set	= disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs,
-	.get	= param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops,
+			       disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs, param_get_ulong);
 
 #undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
 #define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX	"block."
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
index a625de3c3c8b..3d32a5280432 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
@@ -138,15 +138,11 @@ static int param_get_debug_level(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return result;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_debug_layer = {
-	.set = param_set_uint,
-	.get = param_get_debug_layer,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_debug_layer, param_set_uint,
+			       param_get_debug_layer);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_debug_level = {
-	.set = param_set_uint,
-	.get = param_get_debug_level,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_debug_level, param_set_uint,
+			       param_get_debug_level);
 
 module_param_cb(debug_layer, &param_ops_debug_layer, &acpi_dbg_layer, 0644);
 module_param_cb(debug_level, &param_ops_debug_level, &acpi_dbg_level, 0644);
@@ -201,15 +197,12 @@ static int param_get_trace_method_name(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *
 	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", acpi_gbl_trace_method_name);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_trace_method = {
-	.set = param_set_trace_method_name,
-	.get = param_get_trace_method_name,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_trace_method,
+			       param_set_trace_method_name,
+			       param_get_trace_method_name);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_trace_attrib = {
-	.set = param_set_uint,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_trace_attrib, param_set_uint,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(trace_method_name, &param_ops_trace_method, &trace_method_name, 0644);
 module_param_cb(trace_debug_layer, &param_ops_trace_attrib, &acpi_gbl_trace_dbg_layer, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/block/loop.c b/drivers/block/loop.c
index 0000913f7efc..147ad561e584 100644
--- a/drivers/block/loop.c
+++ b/drivers/block/loop.c
@@ -1806,10 +1806,8 @@ static int max_loop_param_set_int(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops max_loop_param_ops = {
-	.set = max_loop_param_set_int,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(max_loop_param_ops, max_loop_param_set_int,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 module_param_cb(max_loop, &max_loop_param_ops, &max_loop, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(max_loop, "Maximum number of loop devices");
@@ -1836,10 +1834,8 @@ static int loop_set_hw_queue_depth(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *p)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops loop_hw_qdepth_param_ops = {
-	.set	= loop_set_hw_queue_depth,
-	.get	= param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(loop_hw_qdepth_param_ops,
+			       loop_set_hw_queue_depth, param_get_int);
 
 device_param_cb(hw_queue_depth, &loop_hw_qdepth_param_ops, &hw_queue_depth, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(hw_queue_depth, "Queue depth for each hardware queue. Default: " __stringify(LOOP_DEFAULT_HW_Q_DEPTH));
diff --git a/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c b/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c
index f8c0fd57e041..332ad6ac838a 100644
--- a/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c
+++ b/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c
@@ -149,10 +149,8 @@ static int null_set_queue_mode(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return null_param_store_val(str, &g_queue_mode, NULL_Q_BIO, NULL_Q_MQ);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops null_queue_mode_param_ops = {
-	.set	= null_set_queue_mode,
-	.get	= param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(null_queue_mode_param_ops, null_set_queue_mode,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 device_param_cb(queue_mode, &null_queue_mode_param_ops, &g_queue_mode, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(queue_mode, "Block interface to use (0=bio,1=rq,2=multiqueue)");
@@ -193,10 +191,8 @@ static int null_set_irqmode(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 					NULL_IRQ_TIMER);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops null_irqmode_param_ops = {
-	.set	= null_set_irqmode,
-	.get	= param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(null_irqmode_param_ops, null_set_irqmode,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 device_param_cb(irqmode, &null_irqmode_param_ops, &g_irqmode, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(irqmode, "IRQ completion handler. 0-none, 1-softirq, 2-timer");
diff --git a/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c b/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c
index 10e8c438bb43..81961f7c883a 100644
--- a/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c
+++ b/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c
@@ -49,10 +49,8 @@ static struct kparam_string dev_search_path_kparam_str = {
 	.string	= dev_search_path
 };
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops dev_search_path_ops = {
-	.set	= dev_search_path_set,
-	.get	= param_get_string,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(dev_search_path_ops, dev_search_path_set,
+			       param_get_string);
 
 module_param_cb(dev_search_path, &dev_search_path_ops,
 		&dev_search_path_kparam_str, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
index 8e5f3738c203..f7bf7ea2d088 100644
--- a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
@@ -5874,10 +5874,9 @@ static int ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks(char *buf,
 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", unprivileged_ublks_max);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops = {
-	.set = ublk_set_max_unprivileged_ublks,
-	.get = ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops,
+			       ublk_set_max_unprivileged_ublks,
+			       ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks);
 
 module_param_cb(ublks_max, &ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops,
 		&unprivileged_ublks_max, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
index 869ac87a4b6a..b5fed11707e8 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
@@ -102,10 +102,8 @@ static int panic_op_read_handler(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", event_str);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops panic_op_ops = {
-	.set = panic_op_write_handler,
-	.get = panic_op_read_handler
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(panic_op_ops, panic_op_write_handler,
+			       panic_op_read_handler);
 module_param_cb(panic_op, &panic_op_ops, NULL, 0600);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(panic_op, "Sets if the IPMI driver will attempt to store panic information in the event log in the event of a panic.  Set to 'none' for no, 'event' for a single event, or 'string' for a generic event and the panic string in IPMI OEM events.");
 
diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
index a013ddbf1466..91a99417d204 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
@@ -193,10 +193,8 @@ static int set_param_timeout(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return rv;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_timeout = {
-	.set = set_param_timeout,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_timeout, set_param_timeout,
+			       param_get_int);
 #define param_check_timeout param_check_int
 
 typedef int (*action_fn)(const char *intval, char *outval);
@@ -259,17 +257,12 @@ static int set_param_wdog_ifnum(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_wdog_ifnum = {
-	.set = set_param_wdog_ifnum,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_wdog_ifnum, set_param_wdog_ifnum,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 #define param_check_wdog_ifnum param_check_int
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_str = {
-	.set = set_param_str,
-	.get = get_param_str,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_str, set_param_str, get_param_str);
 
 module_param(ifnum_to_use, wdog_ifnum, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(ifnum_to_use, "The interface number to use for the watchdog "
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c
index 357ab5e5887e..1104184c2f63 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c
@@ -420,10 +420,8 @@ static int hpre_cluster_regs_show(struct seq_file *s, void *unused)
 
 DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(hpre_cluster_regs);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops hpre_uacce_mode_ops = {
-	.set = uacce_mode_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(hpre_uacce_mode_ops, uacce_mode_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 /*
  * uacce_mode = 0 means hpre only register to crypto,
@@ -441,19 +439,13 @@ static int pf_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return hisi_qm_q_num_set(val, kp, PCI_DEVICE_ID_HUAWEI_HPRE_PF);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops hpre_pf_q_num_ops = {
-	.set = pf_q_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(hpre_pf_q_num_ops, pf_q_num_set, param_get_int);
 
 static u32 pf_q_num = HPRE_PF_DEF_Q_NUM;
 module_param_cb(pf_q_num, &hpre_pf_q_num_ops, &pf_q_num, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(pf_q_num, "Number of queues in PF of CS(2-1024)");
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vfs_num_ops = {
-	.set = vfs_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vfs_num_ops, vfs_num_set, param_get_int);
 
 static u32 vfs_num;
 module_param_cb(vfs_num, &vfs_num_ops, &vfs_num, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c
index 056bd8f4da5a..3d13f2faa3d0 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c
@@ -362,10 +362,8 @@ static int sec_pf_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return hisi_qm_q_num_set(val, kp, PCI_DEVICE_ID_HUAWEI_SEC_PF);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops sec_pf_q_num_ops = {
-	.set = sec_pf_q_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sec_pf_q_num_ops, sec_pf_q_num_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 static u32 pf_q_num = SEC_PF_DEF_Q_NUM;
 module_param_cb(pf_q_num, &sec_pf_q_num_ops, &pf_q_num, 0444);
@@ -391,18 +389,13 @@ static int sec_ctx_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_int(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops sec_ctx_q_num_ops = {
-	.set = sec_ctx_q_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sec_ctx_q_num_ops, sec_ctx_q_num_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 static u32 ctx_q_num = SEC_CTX_Q_NUM_DEF;
 module_param_cb(ctx_q_num, &sec_ctx_q_num_ops, &ctx_q_num, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(ctx_q_num, "Queue num in ctx (2 default, 2, 4, ..., 32)");
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vfs_num_ops = {
-	.set = vfs_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vfs_num_ops, vfs_num_set, param_get_int);
 
 static u32 vfs_num;
 module_param_cb(vfs_num, &vfs_num_ops, &vfs_num, 0444);
@@ -454,10 +447,8 @@ u64 sec_get_alg_bitmap(struct hisi_qm *qm, u32 high, u32 low)
 	return ((u64)cap_val_h << SEC_ALG_BITMAP_SHIFT) | (u64)cap_val_l;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops sec_uacce_mode_ops = {
-	.set = uacce_mode_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sec_uacce_mode_ops, uacce_mode_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 /*
  * uacce_mode = 0 means sec only register to crypto,
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c
index 70adde049b53..8f8d57420fb4 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c
@@ -108,10 +108,7 @@ static int sgl_sge_nr_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_ushort(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops sgl_sge_nr_ops = {
-	.set = sgl_sge_nr_set,
-	.get = param_get_ushort,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sgl_sge_nr_ops, sgl_sge_nr_set, param_get_ushort);
 
 static u16 sgl_sge_nr = HZIP_SGL_SGE_NR;
 module_param_cb(sgl_sge_nr, &sgl_sge_nr_ops, &sgl_sge_nr, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c
index 44df9c859bd8..e07d0cf8eca8 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c
@@ -394,10 +394,7 @@ static int perf_mode_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_int(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops zip_com_perf_ops = {
-	.set = perf_mode_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(zip_com_perf_ops, perf_mode_set, param_get_int);
 
 /*
  * perf_mode = 0 means enable high compression rate mode,
@@ -408,10 +405,8 @@ static u32 perf_mode = HZIP_HIGH_COMP_RATE;
 module_param_cb(perf_mode, &zip_com_perf_ops, &perf_mode, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(perf_mode, "ZIP high perf mode 0(default), 1(enable)");
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops zip_uacce_mode_ops = {
-	.set = uacce_mode_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(zip_uacce_mode_ops, uacce_mode_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 /*
  * uacce_mode = 0 means zip only register to crypto,
@@ -429,19 +424,13 @@ static int pf_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return hisi_qm_q_num_set(val, kp, PCI_DEVICE_ID_HUAWEI_ZIP_PF);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops pf_q_num_ops = {
-	.set = pf_q_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(pf_q_num_ops, pf_q_num_set, param_get_int);
 
 static u32 pf_q_num = HZIP_PF_DEF_Q_NUM;
 module_param_cb(pf_q_num, &pf_q_num_ops, &pf_q_num, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(pf_q_num, "Number of queues in PF(v1 2-4096, v2 2-1024)");
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vfs_num_ops = {
-	.set = vfs_num_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vfs_num_ops, vfs_num_set, param_get_int);
 
 static u32 vfs_num;
 module_param_cb(vfs_num, &vfs_num_ops, &vfs_num, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/dma/dmatest.c b/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
index df38681a1ff4..a7bddadcc52d 100644
--- a/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
+++ b/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
@@ -154,20 +154,15 @@ static struct dmatest_info {
 
 static int dmatest_run_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int dmatest_run_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops run_ops = {
-	.set = dmatest_run_set,
-	.get = dmatest_run_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(run_ops, dmatest_run_set, dmatest_run_get);
 static bool dmatest_run;
 module_param_cb(run, &run_ops, &dmatest_run, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(run, "Run the test (default: false)");
 
 static int dmatest_chan_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int dmatest_chan_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops multi_chan_ops = {
-	.set = dmatest_chan_set,
-	.get = dmatest_chan_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multi_chan_ops, dmatest_chan_set,
+			       dmatest_chan_get);
 
 static char test_channel[20];
 static struct kparam_string newchan_kps = {
@@ -178,9 +173,7 @@ module_param_cb(channel, &multi_chan_ops, &newchan_kps, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(channel, "Bus ID of the channel to test (default: any)");
 
 static int dmatest_test_list_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops test_list_ops = {
-	.get = dmatest_test_list_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(test_list_ops, NULL, dmatest_test_list_get);
 module_param_cb(test_list, &test_list_ops, NULL, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_list, "Print current test list");
 
@@ -292,10 +285,7 @@ static int dmatest_wait_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_get_bool(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops wait_ops = {
-	.get = dmatest_wait_get,
-	.set = param_set_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wait_ops, param_set_bool, dmatest_wait_get);
 module_param_cb(wait, &wait_ops, &wait, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(wait, "Wait for tests to complete (default: false)");
 
diff --git a/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c b/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c
index 63df35444214..ab05e58faaa8 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c
+++ b/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c
@@ -1284,10 +1284,8 @@ static int set_decoding_via_mca(const char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops decoding_via_mca_param_ops = {
-	.set = set_decoding_via_mca,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(decoding_via_mca_param_ops, set_decoding_via_mca,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 module_param_cb(decoding_via_mca, &decoding_via_mca_param_ops, &decoding_via_mca, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(decoding_via_mca, "decoding_via_mca: 0=off(default), 1=enable");
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c
index a253b6144945..fd0f3579fd54 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c
@@ -43,10 +43,8 @@ static int efi_pstore_disable_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops pstore_disable_ops = {
-	.set	= efi_pstore_disable_set,
-	.get	= param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(pstore_disable_ops, efi_pstore_disable_set,
+			       param_get_bool);
 
 module_param_cb(pstore_disable, &pstore_disable_ops, &pstore_disable, 0644);
 __MODULE_PARM_TYPE(pstore_disable, "bool");
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
index 9b06a69d3a6d..ef57df53e087 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
@@ -2725,10 +2725,8 @@ static int set_download_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops download_mode_param_ops = {
-	.get = get_download_mode,
-	.set = set_download_mode,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(download_mode_param_ops, set_download_mode,
+			       get_download_mode);
 
 module_param_cb(download_mode, &download_mode_param_ops, NULL, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(download_mode, "download mode: off/0/N for no dump mode, full/on/1/Y for full dump mode, mini for minidump mode and full,mini for both full and minidump mode together are acceptable values");
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
index 87a5421bc7d5..c87a5449ba8c 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
@@ -897,10 +897,8 @@ static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops = {
-	.set = fw_cfg_cmdline_set,
-	.get = fw_cfg_cmdline_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops, fw_cfg_cmdline_set,
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_get);
 
 device_param_cb(ioport, &fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
 device_param_cb(mmio, &fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
index d6d3b8d85dea..c35d1adf2ce3 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
@@ -847,10 +847,8 @@ static int drm_panic_type_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 			 drm_panic_type_map[drm_panic_type]);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops drm_panic_ops = {
-	.set = drm_panic_type_set,
-	.get = drm_panic_type_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(drm_panic_ops, drm_panic_type_set,
+			       drm_panic_type_get);
 
 module_param_cb(panic_screen, &drm_panic_ops, NULL, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(panic_screen,
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
index def7302ef7fe..6061eae84e9c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
@@ -124,10 +124,7 @@ static int mitigations_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return count;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops ops = {
-	.set = mitigations_set,
-	.get = mitigations_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ops, mitigations_set, mitigations_get);
 
 module_param_cb_unsafe(mitigations, &ops, NULL, 0600);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mitigations,
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c
index 6193811ef7be..2df7274e21a8 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c
@@ -71,10 +71,8 @@ pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_ops = {
-	.set = pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_set,
-	.get = param_get_hexint,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_ops, pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_set,
+			param_get_hexint);
 
 param_check_hexint(init_fw_trace_mask, &pvr_fw_trace_init_mask);
 module_param_cb(init_fw_trace_mask, &pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_ops, &pvr_fw_trace_init_mask, 0600);
diff --git a/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c b/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c
index ad027c45f162..271048bdf7fc 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c
+++ b/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c
@@ -314,10 +314,8 @@ static int cougar_param_set_g6_is_space(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops cougar_g6_is_space_ops = {
-	.set	= cougar_param_set_g6_is_space,
-	.get	= param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cougar_g6_is_space_ops,
+			       cougar_param_set_g6_is_space, param_get_bool);
 module_param_cb(g6_is_space, &cougar_g6_is_space_ops, &g6_is_space, 0644);
 
 static const struct hid_device_id cougar_id_table[] = {
diff --git a/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c b/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c
index 197126d6e081..962ed60492ea 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c
+++ b/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c
@@ -1840,10 +1840,8 @@ static int steam_param_set_lizard_mode(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops steam_lizard_mode_ops = {
-	.set	= steam_param_set_lizard_mode,
-	.get	= param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(steam_lizard_mode_ops,
+			       steam_param_set_lizard_mode, param_get_bool);
 
 module_param_cb(lizard_mode, &steam_lizard_mode_ops, &lizard_mode, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(lizard_mode,
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
index c7259cc39013..5b9b0b38b419 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
@@ -42,10 +42,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(cu, "Credit return units");
 unsigned long hfi1_cap_mask = HFI1_CAP_MASK_DEFAULT;
 static int hfi1_caps_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int hfi1_caps_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops cap_ops = {
-	.set = hfi1_caps_set,
-	.get = hfi1_caps_get
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cap_ops, hfi1_caps_set, hfi1_caps_get);
 module_param_cb(cap_mask, &cap_ops, &hfi1_cap_mask, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cap_mask, "Bit mask of enabled/disabled HW features");
 
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c
index 7df441685780..758e527ca7c4 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c
@@ -90,10 +90,8 @@ module_param_named(debug_level, iser_debug_level, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_level, "Enable debug tracing if > 0 (default:disabled)");
 
 static int iscsi_iser_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops iscsi_iser_size_ops = {
-	.set = iscsi_iser_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(iscsi_iser_size_ops, iscsi_iser_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int iscsi_max_lun = 512;
 module_param_cb(max_lun, &iscsi_iser_size_ops, &iscsi_max_lun, S_IRUGO);
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c
index 348005e71891..bd91900a0ebf 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c
@@ -30,10 +30,8 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_level, "Enable debug tracing if > 0 (default:0)");
 
 static int isert_sg_tablesize_set(const char *val,
 				  const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops sg_tablesize_ops = {
-	.set = isert_sg_tablesize_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sg_tablesize_ops, isert_sg_tablesize_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 static int isert_sg_tablesize = ISCSI_ISER_MIN_SG_TABLESIZE;
 module_param_cb(sg_tablesize, &sg_tablesize_ops, &isert_sg_tablesize, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
index b58868e1cf11..a81515f52a4f 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
@@ -195,10 +195,7 @@ static int srp_tmo_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return res;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops srp_tmo_ops = {
-	.get = srp_tmo_get,
-	.set = srp_tmo_set,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(srp_tmo_ops, srp_tmo_set, srp_tmo_get);
 
 static inline struct srp_target_port *host_to_target(struct Scsi_Host *host)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
index 8db2dca84975..8b4ef7e163d3 100644
--- a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
+++ b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
@@ -89,19 +89,16 @@ static int ati_remote2_get_mode_mask(char *buffer,
 
 static unsigned int channel_mask = ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_CHANNEL_MASK;
 #define param_check_channel_mask(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_channel_mask = {
-	.set = ati_remote2_set_channel_mask,
-	.get = ati_remote2_get_channel_mask,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_channel_mask,
+			       ati_remote2_set_channel_mask,
+			       ati_remote2_get_channel_mask);
 module_param(channel_mask, channel_mask, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(channel_mask, "Bitmask of channels to accept <15:Channel16>...<1:Channel2><0:Channel1>");
 
 static unsigned int mode_mask = ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_MODE_MASK;
 #define param_check_mode_mask(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_mode_mask = {
-	.set = ati_remote2_set_mode_mask,
-	.get = ati_remote2_get_mode_mask,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_mode_mask, ati_remote2_set_mode_mask,
+			       ati_remote2_get_mode_mask);
 module_param(mode_mask, mode_mask, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mode_mask, "Bitmask of modes to accept <4:PC><3:AUX4><2:AUX3><1:AUX2><0:AUX1>");
 
diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
index 6ab5f1d96eae..f9ebb1fd0b6f 100644
--- a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
+++ b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
@@ -45,10 +45,8 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 static unsigned int psmouse_max_proto = PSMOUSE_AUTO;
 static int psmouse_set_maxproto(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *);
 static int psmouse_get_maxproto(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_proto_abbrev = {
-	.set = psmouse_set_maxproto,
-	.get = psmouse_get_maxproto,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_proto_abbrev, psmouse_set_maxproto,
+			       psmouse_get_maxproto);
 #define param_check_proto_abbrev(name, p)	__param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
 module_param_named(proto, psmouse_max_proto, proto_abbrev, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(proto, "Highest protocol extension to probe (bare, imps, exps, any). Useful for KVM switches.");
diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
index 31b4ac3b48c1..2338cab7fef9 100644
--- a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
+++ b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
@@ -2488,10 +2488,8 @@ static int param_set_nodrop(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_bool(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_nodrop = {
-	.set = param_set_nodrop,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_nodrop, param_set_nodrop,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 param_check_uint(nodrop, &uvc_no_drop_param);
 module_param_cb(nodrop, &param_ops_nodrop, &uvc_no_drop_param, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c b/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c
index 21e8ad0a7444..6e40c14be51e 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c
@@ -103,10 +103,7 @@ static int param_set_axis(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_axis = {
-	.set = param_set_axis,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_axis, param_set_axis, param_get_int);
 
 #define param_check_axis(name, p) param_check_int(name, p)
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c
index d5aec72ecdce..e566d94d5f5c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c
@@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ static int mtu_max_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops mtu_max_ops = {
-	.set = mtu_max_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(mtu_max_ops, mtu_max_set, param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(mtu_max, &mtu_max_ops, &mtu_max, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mtu_max, " Max MTU value.");
@@ -91,10 +88,7 @@ static int ring_order_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops ring_order_ops = {
-	.set = ring_order_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ring_order_ops, ring_order_set, param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(rx_ring_order, &ring_order_ops, &rx_ring_order, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(rx_ring_order, " Rx ring order; size = 1 << order");
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
index 263161cb8ac0..f7362377e427 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
@@ -30,10 +30,8 @@ static int multipath_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops multipath_param_ops = {
-	.set = multipath_param_set,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multipath_param_ops, multipath_param_set,
+			       param_get_bool);
 
 module_param_cb(multipath, &multipath_param_ops, &multipath, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(multipath,
@@ -55,10 +53,8 @@ static int multipath_always_on_set(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops multipath_always_on_ops = {
-	.set = multipath_always_on_set,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multipath_always_on_ops, multipath_always_on_set,
+			       param_get_bool);
 
 module_param_cb(multipath_always_on, &multipath_always_on_ops,
 		&multipath_always_on, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c b/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
index 9fd04cd7c5cb..c77e9b848d03 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
@@ -100,10 +100,8 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(sgl_threshold,
 #define NVME_PCI_MIN_QUEUE_SIZE 2
 #define NVME_PCI_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE 4095
 static int io_queue_depth_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops io_queue_depth_ops = {
-	.set = io_queue_depth_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(io_queue_depth_ops, io_queue_depth_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int io_queue_depth = 1024;
 module_param_cb(io_queue_depth, &io_queue_depth_ops, &io_queue_depth, 0644);
@@ -232,10 +230,8 @@ static int quirks_param_set(const char *value, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 
 static char quirks_param[128];
-static const struct kernel_param_ops quirks_param_ops = {
-	.set = quirks_param_set,
-	.get = param_get_string,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(quirks_param_ops, quirks_param_set,
+			       param_get_string);
 
 static struct kparam_string quirks_param_string = {
 	.maxlen = sizeof(quirks_param),
@@ -257,10 +253,8 @@ static int io_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_uint(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops io_queue_count_ops = {
-	.set = io_queue_count_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(io_queue_count_ops, io_queue_count_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int write_queues;
 module_param_cb(write_queues, &io_queue_count_ops, &write_queues, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c b/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c
index e6e2c3f9afdf..dc544813300f 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c
@@ -147,10 +147,7 @@ module_param_named(use_srq, nvmet_rdma_use_srq, bool, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(use_srq, "Use shared receive queue.");
 
 static int srq_size_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops srq_size_ops = {
-	.set = srq_size_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(srq_size_ops, srq_size_set, param_get_int);
 
 static int nvmet_rdma_srq_size = 1024;
 module_param_cb(srq_size, &srq_size_ops, &nvmet_rdma_srq_size, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c b/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c
index 164a564ba3b4..2f336cd7e559 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c
@@ -46,10 +46,7 @@ static int set_params(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_store_val(str, kp->arg, 0, INT_MAX);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops set_param_ops = {
-	.set	= set_params,
-	.get	= param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(set_param_ops, set_params, param_get_int);
 
 /* Define the socket priority to use for connections were it is desirable
  * that the NIC consider performing optimized packet processing or filtering.
diff --git a/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c b/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c
index 5ce5ad3efe69..bd59c3f3f2c5 100644
--- a/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c
+++ b/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c
@@ -762,10 +762,7 @@ static int interval_set_uint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops interval_ops = {
-	.set = interval_set_uint,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(interval_ops, interval_set_uint, param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(interval, &interval_ops, &interval, 0000);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(interval, "Polling interval of temperature check");
diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c b/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c
index 45f0e39b8c2d..09829ee1a49d 100644
--- a/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c
+++ b/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c
@@ -1133,10 +1133,8 @@ static int poll_interval_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *k
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_poll_interval = {
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-	.set = poll_interval_param_set,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_poll_interval, poll_interval_param_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int poll_interval = 360;
 module_param_cb(poll_interval, &param_ops_poll_interval, &poll_interval, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
index 2c0e9ad820c0..0bf2bef3383a 100644
--- a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
+++ b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
@@ -649,60 +649,47 @@ static int param_set_battery_extension(const char *key,
 
 #define param_get_battery_extension param_get_bool
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_ac_online = {
-	.set = param_set_ac_online,
-	.get = param_get_ac_online,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_ac_online, param_set_ac_online,
+			       param_get_ac_online);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_usb_online = {
-	.set = param_set_usb_online,
-	.get = param_get_usb_online,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_usb_online, param_set_usb_online,
+			       param_get_usb_online);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_status = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_status,
-	.get = param_get_battery_status,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_status,
+			       param_set_battery_status,
+			       param_get_battery_status);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_present = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_present,
-	.get = param_get_battery_present,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_present,
+			       param_set_battery_present,
+			       param_get_battery_present);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_technology = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_technology,
-	.get = param_get_battery_technology,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_technology,
+			       param_set_battery_technology,
+			       param_get_battery_technology);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_health = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_health,
-	.get = param_get_battery_health,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_health,
+			       param_set_battery_health,
+			       param_get_battery_health);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_capacity = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_capacity,
-	.get = param_get_battery_capacity,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_capacity,
+			       param_set_battery_capacity,
+			       param_get_battery_capacity);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_voltage = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_voltage,
-	.get = param_get_battery_voltage,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_voltage,
+			       param_set_battery_voltage,
+			       param_get_battery_voltage);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_charge_counter = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_charge_counter,
-	.get = param_get_battery_charge_counter,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_charge_counter,
+			       param_set_battery_charge_counter,
+			       param_get_battery_charge_counter);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_current = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_current,
-	.get = param_get_battery_current,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_current,
+			       param_set_battery_current,
+			       param_get_battery_current);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_extension = {
-	.set = param_set_battery_extension,
-	.get = param_get_battery_extension,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_extension,
+			       param_set_battery_extension,
+			       param_get_battery_extension);
 
 #define param_check_ac_online(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void);
 #define param_check_usb_online(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void);
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sg.c b/drivers/scsi/sg.c
index 2b4b2a1a8e44..c075b567f84e 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/sg.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/sg.c
@@ -1644,10 +1644,8 @@ static int def_reserved_size_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops def_reserved_size_ops = {
-	.set	= def_reserved_size_set,
-	.get	= param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(def_reserved_size_ops, def_reserved_size_set,
+			       param_get_int);
 
 module_param_cb(def_reserved_size, &def_reserved_size_ops, &def_reserved_size,
 		   S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
index edc2afd5f4ee..676a12b44e88 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
@@ -255,10 +255,9 @@ static int tcmu_get_global_max_data_area(char *buffer,
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", TCMU_PAGES_TO_MBS(tcmu_global_max_pages));
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops tcmu_global_max_data_area_op = {
-	.set = tcmu_set_global_max_data_area,
-	.get = tcmu_get_global_max_data_area,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(tcmu_global_max_data_area_op,
+			       tcmu_set_global_max_data_area,
+			       tcmu_get_global_max_data_area);
 
 module_param_cb(global_max_data_area_mb, &tcmu_global_max_data_area_op, NULL,
 		S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
@@ -292,10 +291,8 @@ static int tcmu_set_block_netlink(const char *str,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops tcmu_block_netlink_op = {
-	.set = tcmu_set_block_netlink,
-	.get = tcmu_get_block_netlink,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(tcmu_block_netlink_op, tcmu_set_block_netlink,
+			       tcmu_get_block_netlink);
 
 module_param_cb(block_netlink, &tcmu_block_netlink_op, NULL, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(block_netlink, "Block new netlink commands.");
diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
index 91f291627132..68275c3f2c9b 100644
--- a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
+++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
@@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ static int slider_def_balance_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_values[SOC_POWER_SLIDER_BALANCE]);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops slider_def_balance_ops = {
-	.set = slider_def_balance_set,
-	.get = slider_def_balance_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_def_balance_ops, slider_def_balance_set,
+			       slider_def_balance_get);
 
 module_param_cb(slider_balance, &slider_def_balance_ops, NULL, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(slider_balance, "Set slider default value for balance");
@@ -117,10 +115,8 @@ static int slider_def_offset_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_offset);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops slider_offset_ops = {
-	.set = slider_def_offset_set,
-	.get = slider_def_offset_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_offset_ops, slider_def_offset_set,
+			       slider_def_offset_get);
 
 /*
  * To enhance power efficiency dynamically, the firmware can optionally
diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
index ccf380da12f2..98fbc6892714 100644
--- a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
+++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
@@ -112,10 +112,7 @@ static int duration_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops duration_ops = {
-	.set = duration_set,
-	.get = duration_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(duration_ops, duration_set, duration_get);
 
 module_param_cb(duration, &duration_ops, NULL, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(duration, "forced idle time for each attempt in msec.");
@@ -203,10 +200,7 @@ static int cpumask_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return cpumap_print_to_pagebuf(false, buf, idle_injection_cpu_mask);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops cpumask_ops = {
-	.set = cpumask_set,
-	.get = cpumask_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cpumask_ops, cpumask_set, cpumask_get);
 
 module_param_cb(cpumask, &cpumask_ops, NULL, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cpumask, "Mask of CPUs to use for idle injection.");
@@ -252,10 +246,7 @@ static int max_idle_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops max_idle_ops = {
-	.set = max_idle_set,
-	.get = param_get_byte,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(max_idle_ops, max_idle_set, param_get_byte);
 
 module_param_cb(max_idle, &max_idle_ops, &max_idle, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(max_idle, "maximum injected idle time to the total CPU time ratio in percent range:1-100");
@@ -299,10 +290,7 @@ static int window_size_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops window_size_ops = {
-	.set = window_size_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(window_size_ops, window_size_set, param_get_int);
 
 module_param_cb(window_size, &window_size_ops, &window_size, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(window_size, "sliding window in number of clamping cycles\n"
diff --git a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
index 37db8a3e5158..29612a4a32cb 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
@@ -1290,10 +1290,8 @@ static int param_get_vmidfilter(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 
 #define param_check_vmidfilter(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_vmidfilter = {
-	.set = param_set_vmidfilter,
-	.get = param_get_vmidfilter,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_vmidfilter, param_set_vmidfilter,
+			       param_get_vmidfilter);
 
 /**
  * hvc_iucv_init() - z/VM IUCV HVC device driver initialization
diff --git a/drivers/tty/sysrq.c b/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
index c2e4b31b699a..c6279c496279 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
@@ -1074,10 +1074,8 @@ static int sysrq_reset_seq_param_set(const char *buffer,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_sysrq_reset_seq = {
-	.get	= param_get_ushort,
-	.set	= sysrq_reset_seq_param_set,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_sysrq_reset_seq,
+			       sysrq_reset_seq_param_set, param_get_ushort);
 
 #define param_check_sysrq_reset_seq(name, p)	\
 	__param_check(name, p, unsigned short)
diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
index 55db38e75cc4..7d2873da7dc5 100644
--- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
+++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
@@ -11,10 +11,7 @@
 static int ufs_fault_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int ufs_fault_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops ufs_fault_ops = {
-	.get = ufs_fault_get,
-	.set = ufs_fault_set,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ufs_fault_ops, ufs_fault_set, ufs_fault_get);
 
 enum { FAULT_INJ_STR_SIZE = 80 };
 
diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c
index c1b1d67a1ddc..83100aad2a97 100644
--- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c
+++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c
@@ -43,10 +43,8 @@ static int rw_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 				     num_possible_cpus());
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops rw_queue_count_ops = {
-	.set = rw_queue_count_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(rw_queue_count_ops, rw_queue_count_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int rw_queues;
 module_param_cb(rw_queues, &rw_queue_count_ops, &rw_queues, 0644);
@@ -59,10 +57,8 @@ static int read_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 				     num_possible_cpus());
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops read_queue_count_ops = {
-	.set = read_queue_count_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(read_queue_count_ops, read_queue_count_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int read_queues;
 module_param_cb(read_queues, &read_queue_count_ops, &read_queues, 0644);
@@ -75,10 +71,8 @@ static int poll_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 				     num_possible_cpus());
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops poll_queue_count_ops = {
-	.set = poll_queue_count_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(poll_queue_count_ops, poll_queue_count_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int poll_queues = 1;
 module_param_cb(poll_queues, &poll_queue_count_ops, &poll_queues, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c
index b2dc89124353..3bdd87b434ad 100644
--- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c
+++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ static int txeq_gear_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, UFS_HS_G1, UFS_HS_GEAR_MAX);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops txeq_gear_ops = {
-	.set = txeq_gear_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(txeq_gear_ops, txeq_gear_set, param_get_uint);
 
 static unsigned int adaptive_txeq_gear = UFS_HS_G6;
 module_param_cb(adaptive_txeq_gear, &txeq_gear_ops, &adaptive_txeq_gear, 0644);
diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c
index 4805e40ed4d7..4e930710d9a6 100644
--- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c
+++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c
@@ -128,10 +128,8 @@ static int uic_cmd_timeout_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 				     UIC_CMD_TIMEOUT_MAX);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops uic_cmd_timeout_ops = {
-	.set = uic_cmd_timeout_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(uic_cmd_timeout_ops, uic_cmd_timeout_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(uic_cmd_timeout, &uic_cmd_timeout_ops, &uic_cmd_timeout, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(uic_cmd_timeout,
@@ -145,10 +143,8 @@ static int dev_cmd_timeout_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 				     QUERY_REQ_TIMEOUT_MAX);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops dev_cmd_timeout_ops = {
-	.set = dev_cmd_timeout_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(dev_cmd_timeout_ops, dev_cmd_timeout_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(dev_cmd_timeout, &dev_cmd_timeout_ops, &dev_cmd_timeout, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dev_cmd_timeout,
diff --git a/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c b/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c
index 0ffdaefba508..d52ecc886925 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c
@@ -160,10 +160,8 @@ static int quirks_param_set(const char *value, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops quirks_param_ops = {
-	.set = quirks_param_set,
-	.get = param_get_string,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(quirks_param_ops, quirks_param_set,
+			       param_get_string);
 
 static struct kparam_string quirks_param_string = {
 	.maxlen = sizeof(quirks_param),
diff --git a/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c b/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c
index 4974bee6049a..e34717e553da 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c
@@ -121,10 +121,7 @@ static int enable_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enable_ops = {
-	.set = enable_set,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enable_ops, enable_set, param_get_bool);
 
 module_param_cb(enable, &enable_ops, &enable, 0644);
 
diff --git a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
index fa83fe0defe2..71dd623b95c9 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
@@ -158,10 +158,7 @@ static int delay_use_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return format_delay_ms(delay_ms, 3, "ms", s, PAGE_SIZE);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops delay_use_ops = {
-	.set = delay_use_set,
-	.get = delay_use_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(delay_use_ops, delay_use_set, delay_use_get);
 module_param_cb(delay_use, &delay_use_ops, &delay_use, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(delay_use, "time to delay before using a new device");
 
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
index 9a1253b9d8c5..fd52f2213e27 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
@@ -87,10 +87,9 @@ static int vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt(char *buf,
 	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op = {
-	.get = vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt,
-	.set = vhost_scsi_set_inline_sg_cnt,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op,
+			       vhost_scsi_set_inline_sg_cnt,
+			       vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt);
 
 module_param_cb(inline_sg_cnt, &vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op, NULL, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(inline_sg_cnt, "Set the number of scatterlist entries to pre-allocate. The default is 2048.");
diff --git a/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c b/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c
index c91300a73f50..218ddd93f960 100644
--- a/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c
+++ b/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c
@@ -86,10 +86,8 @@ struct ne_devs ne_devs = {
  */
 static int ne_set_kernel_param(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops ne_cpu_pool_ops = {
-	.get	= param_get_string,
-	.set	= ne_set_kernel_param,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ne_cpu_pool_ops, ne_set_kernel_param,
+			       param_get_string);
 
 static char ne_cpus[NE_CPUS_SIZE];
 static struct kparam_string ne_cpus_arg = {
diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
index 595c2274fbb5..f6df9c76ee81 100644
--- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
+++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
@@ -748,10 +748,8 @@ static int vm_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return strlen(buffer) + 1;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops vm_cmdline_param_ops = {
-	.set = vm_cmdline_set,
-	.get = vm_cmdline_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vm_cmdline_param_ops, vm_cmdline_set,
+			       vm_cmdline_get);
 
 device_param_cb(device, &vm_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
 
diff --git a/fs/ceph/super.c b/fs/ceph/super.c
index c05fbd4237f8..dec8024b8ac7 100644
--- a/fs/ceph/super.c
+++ b/fs/ceph/super.c
@@ -1684,10 +1684,8 @@ static int param_set_metrics(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_metrics = {
-	.set = param_set_metrics,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_metrics, param_set_metrics,
+			       param_get_bool);
 
 bool disable_send_metrics = false;
 module_param_cb(disable_send_metrics, &param_ops_metrics, &disable_send_metrics, 0644);
@@ -1695,9 +1693,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(disable_send_metrics, "Enable sending perf metrics to ceph clus
 
 /* for both v1 and v2 syntax */
 static bool mount_support = true;
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_mount_syntax = {
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_mount_syntax, NULL, param_get_bool);
 module_param_cb(mount_syntax_v1, &param_ops_mount_syntax, &mount_support, 0444);
 module_param_cb(mount_syntax_v2, &param_ops_mount_syntax, &mount_support, 0444);
 
diff --git a/fs/fuse/dir.c b/fs/fuse/dir.c
index b658b6baf72f..cc955c9952d1 100644
--- a/fs/fuse/dir.c
+++ b/fs/fuse/dir.c
@@ -71,10 +71,7 @@ static int inval_wq_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 
 	return 0;
 }
-static const struct kernel_param_ops inval_wq_ops = {
-	.set = inval_wq_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(inval_wq_ops, inval_wq_set, param_get_uint);
 module_param_cb(inval_wq, &inval_wq_ops, &inval_wq, 0644);
 __MODULE_PARM_TYPE(inval_wq, "uint");
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(inval_wq,
diff --git a/fs/nfs/namespace.c b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
index af9be0c5f516..f2fba60dc5ed 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/namespace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
@@ -372,10 +372,8 @@ static int param_get_nfs_timeout(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%li\n", num);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_nfs_timeout = {
-	.set = param_set_nfs_timeout,
-	.get = param_get_nfs_timeout,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_nfs_timeout, param_set_nfs_timeout,
+			       param_get_nfs_timeout);
 #define param_check_nfs_timeout(name, p) __param_check(name, p, int)
 
 module_param(nfs_mountpoint_expiry_timeout, nfs_timeout, 0644);
diff --git a/fs/nfs/super.c b/fs/nfs/super.c
index 4cd420b14ce3..59d89a18aba6 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/super.c
@@ -1419,10 +1419,8 @@ static int param_set_portnr(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	*((unsigned int *)kp->arg) = num;
 	return 0;
 }
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_portnr = {
-	.set = param_set_portnr,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_portnr, param_set_portnr,
+			       param_get_uint);
 #define param_check_portnr(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
 
 module_param_named(callback_tcpport, nfs_callback_set_tcpport, portnr, 0644);
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/super.c b/fs/ubifs/super.c
index 9a77d8b64ffa..e44f8e18f756 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/super.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/super.c
@@ -36,10 +36,8 @@ static int ubifs_default_version_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param
 	return param_set_int(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops ubifs_default_version_ops = {
-	.set = ubifs_default_version_set,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ubifs_default_version_ops,
+			       ubifs_default_version_set, param_get_int);
 
 int ubifs_default_version = UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION;
 module_param_cb(default_version, &ubifs_default_version_ops, &ubifs_default_version, 0600);
diff --git a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
index e618bcf75e2d..38ae3b596ef2 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
@@ -98,10 +98,8 @@ static bool cpumask_nonempty(cpumask_var_t mask)
 	return cpumask_available(mask) && !cpumask_empty(mask);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops lt_bind_ops = {
-	.set = param_set_cpumask,
-	.get = param_get_cpumask,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(lt_bind_ops, param_set_cpumask,
+			       param_get_cpumask);
 
 module_param_cb(bind_readers, &lt_bind_ops, &bind_readers, 0444);
 module_param_cb(bind_writers, &lt_bind_ops, &bind_writers, 0444);
diff --git a/kernel/panic.c b/kernel/panic.c
index 42e5ebde4585..8698374b0d21 100644
--- a/kernel/panic.c
+++ b/kernel/panic.c
@@ -1214,10 +1214,8 @@ static int panic_print_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return  param_set_ulong(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops panic_print_ops = {
-	.set	= panic_print_set,
-	.get	= param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(panic_print_ops, panic_print_set,
+			       param_get_ulong);
 __core_param_cb(panic_print, &panic_print_ops, &panic_print, 0644);
 
 static int __init oops_setup(char *s)
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index 2cbad1f4dd06..e19fff2926bc 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -297,11 +297,8 @@ void param_free_charp(void *arg)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_free_charp);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_charp = {
-	.set = param_set_charp,
-	.get = param_get_charp,
-	.free = param_free_charp,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(param_ops_charp, param_set_charp, param_get_charp,
+			     param_free_charp);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_charp);
 
 /* Actually could be a bool or an int, for historical reasons. */
@@ -322,11 +319,7 @@ int param_get_bool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_bool);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bool = {
-	.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
-	.set = param_set_bool,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_bool, param_set_bool, param_get_bool);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_bool);
 
 int param_set_bool_enable_only(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -353,11 +346,8 @@ int param_set_bool_enable_only(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(param_set_bool_enable_only);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bool_enable_only = {
-	.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
-	.set = param_set_bool_enable_only,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_bool_enable_only,
+			      param_set_bool_enable_only, param_get_bool);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(param_ops_bool_enable_only);
 
 /* This one must be bool. */
@@ -381,10 +371,7 @@ int param_get_invbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_invbool);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_invbool = {
-	.set = param_set_invbool,
-	.get = param_get_invbool,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_invbool, param_set_invbool, param_get_invbool);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_invbool);
 
 int param_set_bint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -403,11 +390,7 @@ int param_set_bint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_bint);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bint = {
-	.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
-	.set = param_set_bint,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_bint, param_set_bint, param_get_int);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_bint);
 
 /* We break the rule and mangle the string. */
@@ -515,11 +498,8 @@ static void param_array_free(void *arg)
 			arr->ops->free(arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i);
 }
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_array_ops = {
-	.set = param_array_set,
-	.get = param_array_get,
-	.free = param_array_free,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(param_array_ops, param_array_set, param_array_get,
+			     param_array_free);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_array_ops);
 
 int param_set_copystring(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -544,10 +524,8 @@ int param_get_string(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_string);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_string = {
-	.set = param_set_copystring,
-	.get = param_get_string,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_string, param_set_copystring,
+			param_get_string);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_string);
 
 /* sysfs output in /sys/modules/XYZ/parameters/ */
diff --git a/kernel/power/hibernate.c b/kernel/power/hibernate.c
index af8d07bafe02..aba1e4489447 100644
--- a/kernel/power/hibernate.c
+++ b/kernel/power/hibernate.c
@@ -1528,10 +1528,8 @@ static int hibernate_compressor_param_set(const char *compressor,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops hibernate_compressor_param_ops = {
-	.set    = hibernate_compressor_param_set,
-	.get    = param_get_string,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(hibernate_compressor_param_ops,
+			       hibernate_compressor_param_set, param_get_string);
 
 static struct kparam_string hibernate_compressor_param_string = {
 	.maxlen = sizeof(hibernate_compressor),
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 55df6d37145e..e675d7f1b4ee 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -498,15 +498,11 @@ static int param_set_next_fqs_jiffies(const char *val, const struct kernel_param
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops first_fqs_jiffies_ops = {
-	.set = param_set_first_fqs_jiffies,
-	.get = param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(first_fqs_jiffies_ops,
+			       param_set_first_fqs_jiffies, param_get_ulong);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops next_fqs_jiffies_ops = {
-	.set = param_set_next_fqs_jiffies,
-	.get = param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(next_fqs_jiffies_ops, param_set_next_fqs_jiffies,
+			       param_get_ulong);
 
 module_param_cb(jiffies_till_first_fqs, &first_fqs_jiffies_ops, &jiffies_till_first_fqs, 0644);
 module_param_cb(jiffies_till_next_fqs, &next_fqs_jiffies_ops, &jiffies_till_next_fqs, 0644);
@@ -3979,10 +3975,8 @@ static int param_get_do_rcu_barrier(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", atomic_read((atomic_t *)kp->arg));
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops do_rcu_barrier_ops = {
-	.set = param_set_do_rcu_barrier,
-	.get = param_get_do_rcu_barrier,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(do_rcu_barrier_ops, param_set_do_rcu_barrier,
+			       param_get_do_rcu_barrier);
 static atomic_t do_rcu_barrier;
 module_param_cb(do_rcu_barrier, &do_rcu_barrier_ops, &do_rcu_barrier, 0644);
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/ext.c b/kernel/sched/ext.c
index 345aa11b84b2..fcf31e3e4965 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/ext.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/ext.c
@@ -166,20 +166,15 @@ static int set_slice_us(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 100, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops slice_us_param_ops = {
-	.set = set_slice_us,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slice_us_param_ops, set_slice_us, param_get_uint);
 
 static int set_bypass_lb_intv_us(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 0, 10 * USEC_PER_SEC);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops bypass_lb_intv_us_param_ops = {
-	.set = set_bypass_lb_intv_us,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(bypass_lb_intv_us_param_ops,
+			       set_bypass_lb_intv_us, param_get_uint);
 
 #undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
 #define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX	"sched_ext."
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 5f747f241a5f..42562b811d94 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -7162,10 +7162,8 @@ static int wq_affn_dfl_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", wq_affn_names[wq_affn_dfl]);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops wq_affn_dfl_ops = {
-	.set	= wq_affn_dfl_set,
-	.get	= wq_affn_dfl_get,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wq_affn_dfl_ops, wq_affn_dfl_set,
+			       wq_affn_dfl_get);
 
 module_param_cb(default_affinity_scope, &wq_affn_dfl_ops, NULL, 0644);
 
@@ -7861,10 +7859,8 @@ static int wq_watchdog_param_set_thresh(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops wq_watchdog_thresh_ops = {
-	.set	= wq_watchdog_param_set_thresh,
-	.get	= param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wq_watchdog_thresh_ops,
+			       wq_watchdog_param_set_thresh, param_get_ulong);
 
 module_param_cb(watchdog_thresh, &wq_watchdog_thresh_ops, &wq_watchdog_thresh,
 		0644);
diff --git a/lib/dynamic_debug.c b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
index 18a71a9108d3..cf0405ba0dbd 100644
--- a/lib/dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
@@ -807,10 +807,8 @@ int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_dyndbg_classes);
 
-const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_dyndbg_classes = {
-	.set = param_set_dyndbg_classes,
-	.get = param_get_dyndbg_classes,
-};
+DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_dyndbg_classes, param_set_dyndbg_classes,
+			param_get_dyndbg_classes);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_dyndbg_classes);
 
 #define PREFIX_SIZE 128
diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
index 77c2a669b6af..30880b6c726a 100644
--- a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ static int param_get_do_prints(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	do_prints();
 	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "did do_prints\n");
 }
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_do_prints = {
-	.set = param_set_do_prints,
-	.get = param_get_do_prints,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_do_prints, param_set_do_prints,
+			       param_get_do_prints);
 module_param_cb(do_prints, &param_ops_do_prints, NULL, 0600);
 
 /*
diff --git a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
index 8494040b1ee4..5feb93c5262e 100644
--- a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
+++ b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
@@ -405,10 +405,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_addr_unit_store(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops addr_unit_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_lru_sort_addr_unit_store,
-	.get = param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(addr_unit_param_ops,
+			       damon_lru_sort_addr_unit_store, param_get_ulong);
 
 module_param_cb(addr_unit, &addr_unit_param_ops, &addr_unit, 0600);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(addr_unit,
@@ -446,10 +444,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_load(char *buffer,
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_lru_sort_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_lru_sort_enabled_store,
-	.get = damon_lru_sort_enabled_load,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_lru_sort_enabled_store,
+			       damon_lru_sort_enabled_load);
 
 module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(enabled,
@@ -478,10 +474,9 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops kdamond_pid_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_store,
-	.get = damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
+			       damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_store,
+			       damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load);
 
 /*
  * PID of the DAMON thread
diff --git a/mm/damon/reclaim.c b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
index fe7fce26cf6c..27e772b095fa 100644
--- a/mm/damon/reclaim.c
+++ b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
@@ -307,10 +307,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_addr_unit_store(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops addr_unit_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_reclaim_addr_unit_store,
-	.get = param_get_ulong,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(addr_unit_param_ops,
+			       damon_reclaim_addr_unit_store, param_get_ulong);
 
 module_param_cb(addr_unit, &addr_unit_param_ops, &addr_unit, 0600);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(addr_unit,
@@ -348,10 +346,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_enabled_load(char *buffer,
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_reclaim_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_reclaim_enabled_store,
-	.get = damon_reclaim_enabled_load,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_reclaim_enabled_store,
+			       damon_reclaim_enabled_load);
 
 module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(enabled,
@@ -380,10 +376,9 @@ static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops kdamond_pid_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_store,
-	.get = damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
+			       damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_store,
+			       damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load);
 
 /*
  * PID of the DAMON thread
diff --git a/mm/damon/stat.c b/mm/damon/stat.c
index 3951b762cbdd..6eb548793802 100644
--- a/mm/damon/stat.c
+++ b/mm/damon/stat.c
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ static int damon_stat_enabled_store(
 static int damon_stat_enabled_load(char *buffer,
 		const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_stat_enabled_store,
-	.get = damon_stat_enabled_load,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_stat_enabled_store,
+			       damon_stat_enabled_load);
 
 static bool enabled __read_mostly = IS_ENABLED(
 	CONFIG_DAMON_STAT_ENABLED_DEFAULT);
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
index 2a943ec57c85..42e0cf313281 100644
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -109,10 +109,8 @@ static int get_memmap_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", mode ? 'Y' : 'N');
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops memmap_mode_ops = {
-	.set = set_memmap_mode,
-	.get = get_memmap_mode,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(memmap_mode_ops, set_memmap_mode,
+			       get_memmap_mode);
 module_param_cb(memmap_on_memory, &memmap_mode_ops, &memmap_mode, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(memmap_on_memory, "Enable memmap on memory for memory hotplug\n"
 		 "With value \"force\" it could result in memory wastage due "
@@ -163,10 +161,8 @@ static int get_online_policy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
  *                 (auto_movable_ratio, auto_movable_numa_aware) allows for it
  */
 static int online_policy __read_mostly = ONLINE_POLICY_CONTIG_ZONES;
-static const struct kernel_param_ops online_policy_ops = {
-	.set = set_online_policy,
-	.get = get_online_policy,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(online_policy_ops, set_online_policy,
+			       get_online_policy);
 module_param_cb(online_policy, &online_policy_ops, &online_policy, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(online_policy,
 		"Set the online policy (\"contig-zones\", \"auto-movable\") "
diff --git a/mm/page_reporting.c b/mm/page_reporting.c
index 7418f2e500bb..61351e12b4d9 100644
--- a/mm/page_reporting.c
+++ b/mm/page_reporting.c
@@ -23,15 +23,8 @@ static int page_order_update_notify(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *
 	return  param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 0, MAX_PAGE_ORDER);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops page_reporting_param_ops = {
-	.set = &page_order_update_notify,
-	/*
-	 * For the get op, use param_get_int instead of param_get_uint.
-	 * This is to make sure that when unset the initialized value of
-	 * -1 is shown correctly
-	 */
-	.get = &param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(page_reporting_param_ops,
+			       &page_order_update_notify, &param_get_int);
 
 module_param_cb(page_reporting_order, &page_reporting_param_ops,
 			&page_reporting_order, 0644);
diff --git a/mm/shuffle.c b/mm/shuffle.c
index fb1393b8b3a9..114fe7467516 100644
--- a/mm/shuffle.c
+++ b/mm/shuffle.c
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ static __meminit int shuffle_param_set(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops shuffle_param_ops = {
-	.set = shuffle_param_set,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(shuffle_param_ops, shuffle_param_set,
+			       param_get_bool);
 module_param_cb(shuffle, &shuffle_param_ops, &shuffle_param, 0400);
 
 /*
diff --git a/mm/zswap.c b/mm/zswap.c
index 4b5149173b0e..ed3aa07c2f1d 100644
--- a/mm/zswap.c
+++ b/mm/zswap.c
@@ -90,21 +90,17 @@ static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE(CONFIG_ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON, zswap_ever_enabled);
 static bool zswap_enabled = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON);
 static int zswap_enabled_param_set(const char *,
 				   const struct kernel_param *);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops zswap_enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set =		zswap_enabled_param_set,
-	.get =		param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(zswap_enabled_param_ops, zswap_enabled_param_set,
+			       param_get_bool);
 module_param_cb(enabled, &zswap_enabled_param_ops, &zswap_enabled, 0644);
 
 /* Crypto compressor to use */
 static char *zswap_compressor = CONFIG_ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT;
 static int zswap_compressor_param_set(const char *,
 				      const struct kernel_param *);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops zswap_compressor_param_ops = {
-	.set =		zswap_compressor_param_set,
-	.get =		param_get_charp,
-	.free =		param_free_charp,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(zswap_compressor_param_ops,
+				    zswap_compressor_param_set, param_get_charp,
+				    param_free_charp);
 module_param_cb(compressor, &zswap_compressor_param_ops,
 		&zswap_compressor, 0644);
 
diff --git a/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c b/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c
index 49e5861b58ec..54d66a948298 100644
--- a/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c
+++ b/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c
@@ -134,10 +134,8 @@ static int batadv_param_set_ra(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_copystring(algo_name, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops batadv_param_ops_ra = {
-	.set = batadv_param_set_ra,
-	.get = param_get_string,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(batadv_param_ops_ra, batadv_param_set_ra,
+			       param_get_string);
 
 static struct kparam_string batadv_param_string_ra = {
 	.maxlen = sizeof(batadv_routing_algo),
diff --git a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
index 952121849180..633202a99e4a 100644
--- a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
+++ b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
@@ -52,9 +52,8 @@ static int param_get_supported_features(char *buffer,
 {
 	return sprintf(buffer, "0x%llx", CEPH_FEATURES_SUPPORTED_DEFAULT);
 }
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_supported_features = {
-	.get = param_get_supported_features,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_supported_features, NULL,
+			       param_get_supported_features);
 module_param_cb(supported_features, &param_ops_supported_features, NULL,
 		0444);
 
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c
index 274e628e7cf8..2c9c3d0f3c3d 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c
@@ -64,10 +64,8 @@ static int dctcp_shift_g_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 0, 10);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops dctcp_shift_g_ops = {
-	.set = dctcp_shift_g_set,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(dctcp_shift_g_ops, dctcp_shift_g_set,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 module_param_cb(dctcp_shift_g, &dctcp_shift_g_ops, &dctcp_shift_g, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dctcp_shift_g, "parameter g for updating dctcp_alpha");
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/auth.c b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
index 68c0595ea2fd..64a3e894fd4c 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/auth.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
@@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ static int param_get_hashtbl_sz(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 
 #define param_check_hashtbl_sz(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_hashtbl_sz = {
-	.set = param_set_hashtbl_sz,
-	.get = param_get_hashtbl_sz,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_hashtbl_sz, param_set_hashtbl_sz,
+			       param_get_hashtbl_sz);
 
 module_param_named(auth_hashtable_size, auth_hashbits, hashtbl_sz, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(auth_hashtable_size, "RPC credential cache hashtable size");
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c b/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c
index 2e1fe6013361..e8d087798994 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c
@@ -3710,10 +3710,8 @@ static int param_set_portnr(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 			RPC_MAX_RESVPORT);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_portnr = {
-	.set = param_set_portnr,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_portnr, param_set_portnr,
+			       param_get_uint);
 
 #define param_check_portnr(name, p) \
 	__param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
@@ -3729,10 +3727,8 @@ static int param_set_slot_table_size(const char *val,
 			RPC_MAX_SLOT_TABLE);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_slot_table_size = {
-	.set = param_set_slot_table_size,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_slot_table_size,
+			       param_set_slot_table_size, param_get_uint);
 
 #define param_check_slot_table_size(name, p) \
 	__param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
@@ -3745,10 +3741,8 @@ static int param_set_max_slot_table_size(const char *val,
 			RPC_MAX_SLOT_TABLE_LIMIT);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_max_slot_table_size = {
-	.set = param_set_max_slot_table_size,
-	.get = param_get_uint,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_max_slot_table_size,
+			       param_set_max_slot_table_size, param_get_uint);
 
 #define param_check_max_slot_table_size(name, p) \
 	__param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
diff --git a/samples/damon/mtier.c b/samples/damon/mtier.c
index 775838a23d93..c8018a7ea891 100644
--- a/samples/damon/mtier.c
+++ b/samples/damon/mtier.c
@@ -38,10 +38,8 @@ module_param(node0_mem_free_bp, ulong, 0600);
 static int damon_sample_mtier_enable_store(
 		const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_sample_mtier_enable_store,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops,
+			       damon_sample_mtier_enable_store, param_get_bool);
 
 static bool enabled __read_mostly;
 module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
diff --git a/samples/damon/prcl.c b/samples/damon/prcl.c
index b7c50f2656ce..7cab9bd0f7bd 100644
--- a/samples/damon/prcl.c
+++ b/samples/damon/prcl.c
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ module_param(target_pid, int, 0600);
 static int damon_sample_prcl_enable_store(
 		const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_sample_prcl_enable_store,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops,
+			       damon_sample_prcl_enable_store, param_get_bool);
 
 static bool enabled __read_mostly;
 module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
diff --git a/samples/damon/wsse.c b/samples/damon/wsse.c
index 799ad4443943..56634853bd0b 100644
--- a/samples/damon/wsse.c
+++ b/samples/damon/wsse.c
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ module_param(target_pid, int, 0600);
 static int damon_sample_wsse_enable_store(
 		const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
-	.set = damon_sample_wsse_enable_store,
-	.get = param_get_bool,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops,
+			       damon_sample_wsse_enable_store, param_get_bool);
 
 static bool enabled __read_mostly;
 module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
diff --git a/security/apparmor/lsm.c b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
index 3491e9f60194..8a253c743363 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/lsm.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
@@ -1767,38 +1767,30 @@ static struct security_hook_list apparmor_hooks[] __ro_after_init = {
 static int param_set_aabool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_aabool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aabool param_check_bool
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aabool = {
-	.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
-	.set = param_set_aabool,
-	.get = param_get_aabool
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_aabool, param_set_aabool,
+				     param_get_aabool);
 
 static int param_set_aauint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_aauint(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aauint param_check_uint
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aauint = {
-	.set = param_set_aauint,
-	.get = param_get_aauint
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aauint, param_set_aauint,
+			       param_get_aauint);
 
 static int param_set_aacompressionlevel(const char *val,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(char *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aacompressionlevel param_check_int
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aacompressionlevel = {
-	.set = param_set_aacompressionlevel,
-	.get = param_get_aacompressionlevel
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aacompressionlevel,
+			       param_set_aacompressionlevel,
+			       param_get_aacompressionlevel);
 
 static int param_set_aalockpolicy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_aalockpolicy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aalockpolicy param_check_bool
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aalockpolicy = {
-	.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
-	.set = param_set_aalockpolicy,
-	.get = param_get_aalockpolicy
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_aalockpolicy,
+				     param_set_aalockpolicy,
+				     param_get_aalockpolicy);
 
 static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_debug(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
@@ -1879,10 +1871,8 @@ module_param_named(paranoid_load, aa_g_paranoid_load, aabool, S_IRUGO);
 static int param_get_aaintbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_set_aaintbool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aaintbool param_check_int
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aaintbool = {
-	.set = param_set_aaintbool,
-	.get = param_get_aaintbool
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aaintbool, param_set_aaintbool,
+			       param_get_aaintbool);
 /* Boot time disable flag */
 static int apparmor_enabled __ro_after_init = 1;
 module_param_named(enabled, apparmor_enabled, aaintbool, 0444);
diff --git a/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c b/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c
index c87d75dbd8aa..02bd61e67902 100644
--- a/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c
+++ b/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c
@@ -164,10 +164,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(ctl_dev_id, "Use control device identifier (based on codec addr
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
 static int param_set_xint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_xint = {
-	.set = param_set_xint,
-	.get = param_get_int,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_xint, param_set_xint, param_get_int);
 #define param_check_xint param_check_int
 
 static int power_save = CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE_DEFAULT;
diff --git a/sound/usb/card.c b/sound/usb/card.c
index f42d72cd0378..34cbb9d72315 100644
--- a/sound/usb/card.c
+++ b/sound/usb/card.c
@@ -118,11 +118,8 @@ static int param_set_quirkp(const char *val,
 	return param_set_charp(val, kp);
 }
 
-static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_quirkp = {
-	.set = param_set_quirkp,
-	.get = param_get_charp,
-	.free = param_free_charp,
-};
+static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(param_ops_quirkp, param_set_quirkp,
+				    param_get_charp, param_free_charp);
 
 #define param_check_quirkp param_check_charp
 
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:19 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:19 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] moduleparam: Add seq_buf-based .get callback alongside .get_str
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-6-kees@kernel.org>

Add a new struct kernel_param_ops::get callback whose signature
takes a struct seq_buf instead of a raw char buffer:

  int (*get)(struct seq_buf *sb, const struct kernel_param *kp);

The previously-legacy .get field is now .get_str (char *buffer);
.get is the new seq_buf-aware form.  param_attr_show() prefers .get
when set, otherwise falls back to .get_str.  WARN_ON_ONCE() if both
are set.  Return contract for .get:

  < 0 : errno propagated to userspace; seq_buf contents discarded
  = 0 : success; length derived from seq_buf_used()
  > 0 : forbidden; the dispatcher WARN_ON_ONCE()s and treats as 0

The default policy on seq_buf_has_overflowed() is silent truncation,
matching scnprintf()/sysfs_emit() behaviour.  Callbacks that want a
specific overflow errno can check seq_buf_has_overflowed() and
return their preferred error.

No callbacks use .get yet; the legacy path is still the only one in use
after this commit. A subsequent commit teaches DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
to route initializers by type.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/moduleparam.h | 13 ++++++++++++-
 kernel/params.c             | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index f5f4148e2504..c52120f6ac28 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
@@ -62,7 +63,17 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	unsigned int flags;
 	/* Returns 0, or -errno.  arg is in kp->arg. */
 	int (*set)(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-	/* Returns length written or -errno.  Buffer is 4k (ie. be short!) */
+	/*
+	 * Format the parameter's value into @s.  Return 0 on success
+	 * (length derived from seq_buf_used()) or -errno on error.
+	 * Exactly one of .get and .get_str should be set; the dispatcher
+	 * WARNs and prefers .get if both are.
+	 */
+	int (*get)(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+	/*
+	 * Returns length written or -errno.  Buffer is 4k (ie. be short!).
+	 * Deprecated: callbacks should implement .get instead.
+	 */
 	int (*get_str)(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 	/* Optional function to free kp->arg when module unloaded. */
 	void (*free)(void *arg);
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index 6852caea1785..4eda2d23ddf2 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -553,12 +553,34 @@ static ssize_t param_attr_show(const struct module_attribute *mattr,
 {
 	int count;
 	const struct param_attribute *attribute = to_param_attr(mattr);
+	const struct kernel_param_ops *ops = attribute->param->ops;
 
-	if (!attribute->param->ops->get_str)
+	if (!ops->get && !ops->get_str)
 		return -EPERM;
 
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(ops->get && ops->get_str);
+
 	kernel_param_lock(mk->mod);
-	count = attribute->param->ops->get_str(buf, attribute->param);
+	if (ops->get) {
+		struct seq_buf s;
+
+		seq_buf_init(&s, buf, PAGE_SIZE);
+		count = ops->get(&s, attribute->param);
+		if (count >= 0) {
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(count > 0);
+			count = seq_buf_used(&s);
+			/* Make sure string is terminated. */
+			seq_buf_str(&s);
+			/*
+			 * If overflowed, reduce count by 1 for trailing
+			 * NUL byte.
+			 */
+			if (seq_buf_has_overflowed(&s))
+				count--;
+		}
+	} else {
+		count = ops->get_str(buf, attribute->param);
+	}
 	kernel_param_unlock(mk->mod);
 	return count;
 }
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:20 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] moduleparam: Route DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS get pointer via _Generic
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-7-kees@kernel.org>

Make the DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS family route their _get argument to
either .get (struct seq_buf *) or .get_str (char *) at compile time
based on the pointer's actual function signature. Two helper macros
do the routing:

  _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET     - return the pointer if it has the seq_buf
                              signature, otherwise NULL of that type
  _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR - mirror image for the char * signature

Both use _Generic; only the two valid function-pointer types are
listed, so any third-party type is a compile error rather than
silently falling through.

Now a callback whose body has been migrated from char * to struct
seq_buf * needs no change at its kernel_param_ops initialization site,
because the macro picks up the new type automatically and assigns to
the correct field.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/moduleparam.h | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index c52120f6ac28..795bc7c654ef 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -85,15 +85,32 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
  *
  *   static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);
  *
- * Routing the @_set and @_get function pointers through the macro
- * (rather than naming the struct fields at every call site) lets the
- * field layout change in one place when callbacks are migrated to a
- * new signature.
+ * @_get may be either of:
+ *   int (*)(struct seq_buf *, const struct kernel_param *) (seq_buf)
+ *   int (*)(char *, const struct kernel_param *)           (legacy)
+ *
+ * The macro uses _Generic to route the function pointer to the
+ * matching field (.get or .get_str) at compile time, leaving the
+ * other field NULL. Each helper matches the wrong prototype signature
+ * and returns NULL, falling through to the default branch otherwise;
+ * if @_get has neither expected signature the assignment to the
+ * fields gets a normal compile-time type-mismatch error.
  */
+#define _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get)					\
+	_Generic((_get),						\
+	    int (*)(char *, const struct kernel_param *): NULL,		\
+	    default: (_get))
+
+#define _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get)					\
+	_Generic((_get),						\
+	    int (*)(struct seq_buf *, const struct kernel_param *): NULL, \
+	    default: (_get))
+
 #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(_name, _set, _get)			\
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get_str = (_get),					\
+		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
+		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
 	}
 
 /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG set. */
@@ -101,14 +118,16 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,			\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get_str = (_get),					\
+		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
+		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
 	}
 
 /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with an additional .free callback. */
 #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(_name, _set, _get, _free)		\
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get_str = (_get),					\
+		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
+		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
 		.free = (_free),					\
 	}
 
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:21 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:21 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] params: Convert generic kernel_param_ops .get helpers to seq_buf
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-8-kees@kernel.org>

Convert the generic struct kernel_param_ops .get helpers in
kernel/params.c directly to the seq_buf signature, drop their legacy
"char *" form, and refresh prototypes in <linux/moduleparam.h>:

  param_get_byte/short/ushort/int/uint/long/ulong/ullong/hexint
  param_get_charp/bool/invbool/string
  param_array_get

The STANDARD_PARAM_DEF() macro expands to a seq_buf body for every
numeric helper. param_array_get() now writes element output directly
into the parent seq_buf when the element ops provide .get; it only
allocates the per-call PAGE_SIZE bounce buffer when the element ops
still use the legacy .get_str path. The common "rewrite the prior
element's trailing newline as a comma" step lives outside both
branches so the two paths share it.

The non-core changes in this commit (arch/x86/kvm, mm/kfence,
drivers/dma/dmatest, security/apparmor) are the small set of callers that
directly invoke one of the converted generic helpers from their own .get
callback (e.g. an apparmor wrapper that adds a capability check and then
delegates to param_get_bool()). Because the helpers' signature changes
here, these wrappers must move in lockstep. Each of them is updated
to take "struct seq_buf *" and pass it through; param_get_debug() in
apparmor also pulls aa_print_debug_params() (and its val_mask_to_str()
helper, in security/apparmor/lib.c) over to seq_buf, since that is the
only consumer. No other behavioural change is intended.

Custom .get callbacks that do not delegate to a generic helper (and
therefore still match the .get_str signature) are routed automatically
to the .get_str field by the DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS _Generic dispatcher
and are deliberately left alone here, to be changed separately within
their respective subsystems.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/moduleparam.h     | 26 +++++------
 security/apparmor/include/lib.h |  3 +-
 mm/kfence/core.c                |  8 ++--
 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c          | 16 ++++---
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c         |  8 ++--
 drivers/dma/dmatest.c           | 14 +++---
 kernel/params.c                 | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 security/apparmor/lib.c         | 27 +++++------
 security/apparmor/lsm.c         | 25 ++++++-----
 9 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index 795bc7c654ef..38acb5aef56b 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -500,61 +500,61 @@ void module_destroy_params(const struct kernel_param *params, unsigned int num);
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_byte;
 int param_set_byte(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_byte(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_byte(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_byte(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned char)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_short;
 int param_set_short(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_short(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_short(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_short(name, p) __param_check(name, p, short)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_ushort;
 int param_set_ushort(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_ushort(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_ushort(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_ushort(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned short)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_int;
 int param_set_int(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_int(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_int(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_int(name, p) __param_check(name, p, int)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_uint;
 int param_set_uint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_uint(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_uint(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 int param_set_uint_minmax(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp,
 		unsigned int min, unsigned int max);
 #define param_check_uint(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_long;
 int param_set_long(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_long(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_long(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_long(name, p) __param_check(name, p, long)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_ulong;
 int param_set_ulong(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_ulong(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_ulong(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_ulong(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned long)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_ullong;
 int param_set_ullong(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_ullong(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_ullong(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_ullong(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned long long)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_hexint;
 int param_set_hexint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_hexint(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_hexint(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_hexint(name, p) param_check_uint(name, p)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_charp;
 int param_set_charp(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_charp(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_charp(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 void param_free_charp(void *arg);
 #define param_check_charp(name, p) __param_check(name, p, char *)
 
 /* We used to allow int as well as bool.  We're taking that away! */
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bool;
 int param_set_bool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_bool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_bool(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_bool(name, p) __param_check(name, p, bool)
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bool_enable_only;
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ int param_set_bool_enable_only(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_invbool;
 int param_set_invbool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_invbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_invbool(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_invbool(name, p) __param_check(name, p, bool)
 
 /* An int, which can only be set like a bool (though it shows as an int). */
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_array_ops;
 
 extern const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_string;
 int param_set_copystring(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_string(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_string(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 /* for exporting parameters in /sys/module/.../parameters */
 
diff --git a/security/apparmor/include/lib.h b/security/apparmor/include/lib.h
index 8c6ce8484552..966082075e61 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/include/lib.h
+++ b/security/apparmor/include/lib.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/lsm_hooks.h>
+#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
 
 #include "match.h"
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ do {									\
 #endif
 
 int aa_parse_debug_params(const char *str);
-int aa_print_debug_params(char *buffer);
+int aa_print_debug_params(struct seq_buf *s);
 
 #define AA_ERROR(fmt, args...)						\
 	pr_err_ratelimited("AppArmor: " fmt, ##args)
diff --git a/mm/kfence/core.c b/mm/kfence/core.c
index e14102c01520..bfa936f09978 100644
--- a/mm/kfence/core.c
+++ b/mm/kfence/core.c
@@ -84,10 +84,12 @@ static int param_set_sample_interval(const char *val, const struct kernel_param
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_sample_interval(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_sample_interval(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled))
-		return sprintf(buffer, "0\n");
+	if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)) {
+		seq_buf_puts(buffer, "0\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return param_get_ulong(buffer, kp);
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
index 996818ee9b09..5e9a2690d335 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static uint __read_mostly nx_huge_pages_recovery_ratio = 0;
 static uint __read_mostly nx_huge_pages_recovery_ratio = 60;
 #endif
 
-static int get_nx_huge_pages(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int get_nx_huge_pages(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int set_nx_huge_pages(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
@@ -7493,15 +7493,19 @@ static void kvm_wake_nx_recovery_thread(struct kvm *kvm)
 		vhost_task_wake(nx_thread);
 }
 
-static int get_nx_huge_pages(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_nx_huge_pages(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int val = *(int *)kp->arg;
 
-	if (nx_hugepage_mitigation_hard_disabled)
-		return sysfs_emit(buffer, "never\n");
+	if (nx_hugepage_mitigation_hard_disabled) {
+		seq_buf_puts(buffer, "never\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
-	if (val == -1)
-		return sysfs_emit(buffer, "auto\n");
+	if (val == -1) {
+		seq_buf_puts(buffer, "auto\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return param_get_bool(buffer, kp);
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
index 7907f9addff9..6c3b4626c5c1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
@@ -77,12 +77,14 @@ static int avic_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_bint(val, kp);
 }
 
-static int avic_param_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int avic_param_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int val = *(int *)kp->arg;
 
-	if (val == AVIC_AUTO_MODE)
-		return sysfs_emit(buffer, "N\n");
+	if (val == AVIC_AUTO_MODE) {
+		seq_buf_puts(buffer, "N\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return param_get_bool(buffer, kp);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/dma/dmatest.c b/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
index a7bddadcc52d..828298faca16 100644
--- a/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
+++ b/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
@@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ static struct dmatest_info {
 };
 
 static int dmatest_run_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int dmatest_run_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int dmatest_run_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(run_ops, dmatest_run_set, dmatest_run_get);
 static bool dmatest_run;
 module_param_cb(run, &run_ops, &dmatest_run, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(run, "Run the test (default: false)");
 
 static int dmatest_chan_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int dmatest_chan_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int dmatest_chan_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multi_chan_ops, dmatest_chan_set,
 			       dmatest_chan_get);
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static struct kparam_string newchan_kps = {
 module_param_cb(channel, &multi_chan_ops, &newchan_kps, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(channel, "Bus ID of the channel to test (default: any)");
 
-static int dmatest_test_list_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int dmatest_test_list_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(test_list_ops, NULL, dmatest_test_list_get);
 module_param_cb(test_list, &test_list_ops, NULL, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_list, "Print current test list");
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static bool is_threaded_test_pending(struct dmatest_info *info)
 	return false;
 }
 
-static int dmatest_wait_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int dmatest_wait_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	struct dmatest_info *info = &test_info;
 	struct dmatest_params *params = &info->params;
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ static void start_threaded_tests(struct dmatest_info *info)
 	run_pending_tests(info);
 }
 
-static int dmatest_run_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int dmatest_run_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	struct dmatest_info *info = &test_info;
 
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ static int dmatest_chan_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int dmatest_chan_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int dmatest_chan_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	struct dmatest_info *info = &test_info;
 
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ static int dmatest_chan_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_get_string(val, kp);
 }
 
-static int dmatest_test_list_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int dmatest_test_list_get(struct seq_buf *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	struct dmatest_info *info = &test_info;
 	struct dmatest_chan *dtc;
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index 4eda2d23ddf2..25f0c8d5d19f 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -212,15 +212,16 @@ char *parse_args(const char *doing,
 }
 
 /* Lazy bastard, eh? */
-#define STANDARD_PARAM_DEF(name, type, format, strtolfn)      		\
+#define STANDARD_PARAM_DEF(name, type, format, strtolfn)		\
 	int param_set_##name(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp) \
 	{								\
 		return strtolfn(val, 0, (type *)kp->arg);		\
 	}								\
-	int param_get_##name(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp) \
+	int param_get_##name(struct seq_buf *s,				\
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp)		\
 	{								\
-		return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, format "\n",	\
-				*((type *)kp->arg));			\
+		seq_buf_printf(s, format "\n", *((type *)kp->arg));	\
+		return 0;						\
 	}								\
 	DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_##name,			\
 				param_set_##name, param_get_##name);	\
@@ -285,9 +286,10 @@ int param_set_charp(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_charp);
 
-int param_get_charp(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+int param_get_charp(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", *((char **)kp->arg));
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "%s\n", *((char **)kp->arg));
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_charp);
 
@@ -312,10 +314,11 @@ int param_set_bool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_bool);
 
-int param_get_bool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+int param_get_bool(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	/* Y and N chosen as being relatively non-coder friendly */
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", *(bool *)kp->arg ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "%c\n", *(bool *)kp->arg ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_bool);
 
@@ -365,9 +368,10 @@ int param_set_invbool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_invbool);
 
-int param_get_invbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+int param_get_invbool(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", (*(bool *)kp->arg) ? 'N' : 'Y');
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "%c\n", (*(bool *)kp->arg) ? 'N' : 'Y');
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_invbool);
 
@@ -453,36 +457,46 @@ static int param_array_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 			   arr->num ?: &temp_num);
 }
 
-static int param_array_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_array_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int i, off, ret;
-	char *elem_buf;
 	const struct kparam_array *arr = kp->arr;
 	struct kernel_param p = *kp;
+	char *elem_buf = NULL;
+	int i, ret = 0;
 
-	elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!elem_buf)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	for (i = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
+		size_t before = s->len;
 
-	for (i = off = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
 		p.arg = arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i;
 		check_kparam_locked(p.mod);
-		ret = arr->ops->get_str(elem_buf, &p);
-		if (ret < 0)
-			goto out;
-		ret = min(ret, (int)(PAGE_SIZE - 1 - off));
-		if (!ret)
+
+		if (arr->ops->get) {
+			ret = arr->ops->get(s, &p);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto out;
+		} else {
+			if (!elem_buf) {
+				elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+				if (!elem_buf) {
+					ret = -ENOMEM;
+					goto out;
+				}
+			}
+			ret = arr->ops->get_str(elem_buf, &p);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				goto out;
+			seq_buf_putmem(s, elem_buf, ret);
+		}
+
+		/* Nothing got written (e.g. overflow) ? stop. */
+		if (s->len == before)
 			break;
+
 		/* Replace the previous element's trailing newline with a comma. */
-		if (i)
-			buffer[off - 1] = ',';
-		memcpy(buffer + off, elem_buf, ret);
-		off += ret;
-		if (off == PAGE_SIZE - 1)
-			break;
+		if (i && s->buffer[before - 1] == '\n')
+			s->buffer[before - 1] = ',';
 	}
-	buffer[off] = '\0';
-	ret = off;
+	ret = 0;
 out:
 	kfree(elem_buf);
 	return ret;
@@ -517,10 +531,12 @@ int param_set_copystring(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_copystring);
 
-int param_get_string(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+int param_get_string(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	const struct kparam_string *kps = kp->str;
-	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", kps->string);
+
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "%s\n", kps->string);
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_string);
 
diff --git a/security/apparmor/lib.c b/security/apparmor/lib.c
index e41ff57798b2..eef136add5b4 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/lib.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/lib.c
@@ -85,37 +85,32 @@ int aa_parse_debug_params(const char *str)
 
 /**
  * val_mask_to_str - convert a perm mask to its short string
- * @str: character buffer to store string in (at least 10 characters)
- * @size: size of the @str buffer
+ * @s: seq_buf to store string in
  * @table: NUL-terminated character buffer of permission characters (NOT NULL)
  * @mask: permission mask to convert
  */
-static int val_mask_to_str(char *str, size_t size,
-			   const struct val_table_ent *table, u32 mask)
+static void val_mask_to_str(struct seq_buf *s,
+			    const struct val_table_ent *table, u32 mask)
 {
 	const struct val_table_ent *ent;
-	int total = 0;
+	bool first = true;
 
 	for (ent = table; ent->str; ent++) {
 		if (ent->value && (ent->value & mask) == ent->value) {
-			int len = scnprintf(str, size, "%s%s", total ? "," : "",
-					    ent->str);
-			size -= len;
-			str += len;
-			total += len;
+			seq_buf_printf(s, "%s%s", first ? "" : ",", ent->str);
+			first = false;
 			mask &= ~ent->value;
 		}
 	}
-
-	return total;
 }
 
-int aa_print_debug_params(char *buffer)
+int aa_print_debug_params(struct seq_buf *s)
 {
 	if (!aa_g_debug)
-		return sprintf(buffer, "N");
-	return val_mask_to_str(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, debug_values_table,
-			       aa_g_debug);
+		seq_buf_puts(s, "N");
+	else
+		val_mask_to_str(s, debug_values_table, aa_g_debug);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 bool aa_resize_str_table(struct aa_str_table *t, int newsize, gfp_t gfp)
diff --git a/security/apparmor/lsm.c b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
index 8a253c743363..a6815b4bd0da 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/lsm.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <linux/namei.h>
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
@@ -1765,20 +1766,20 @@ static struct security_hook_list apparmor_hooks[] __ro_after_init = {
  */
 
 static int param_set_aabool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_aabool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_aabool(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aabool param_check_bool
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_aabool, param_set_aabool,
 				     param_get_aabool);
 
 static int param_set_aauint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_aauint(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_aauint(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aauint param_check_uint
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aauint, param_set_aauint,
 			       param_get_aauint);
 
 static int param_set_aacompressionlevel(const char *val,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aacompressionlevel param_check_int
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aacompressionlevel,
@@ -1786,14 +1787,14 @@ static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aacompressionlevel,
 			       param_get_aacompressionlevel);
 
 static int param_set_aalockpolicy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_aalockpolicy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_aalockpolicy(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aalockpolicy param_check_bool
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_aalockpolicy,
 				     param_set_aalockpolicy,
 				     param_get_aalockpolicy);
 
 static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_debug(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_debug(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_audit(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
@@ -1868,7 +1869,7 @@ module_param_named(path_max, aa_g_path_max, aauint, S_IRUSR);
 bool aa_g_paranoid_load = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_PARANOID_LOAD);
 module_param_named(paranoid_load, aa_g_paranoid_load, aabool, S_IRUGO);
 
-static int param_get_aaintbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_aaintbool(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_set_aaintbool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 #define param_check_aaintbool param_check_int
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aaintbool, param_set_aaintbool,
@@ -1898,7 +1899,7 @@ static int param_set_aalockpolicy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp
 	return param_set_bool(val, kp);
 }
 
-static int param_get_aalockpolicy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_aalockpolicy(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1916,7 +1917,7 @@ static int param_set_aabool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return param_set_bool(val, kp);
 }
 
-static int param_get_aabool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_aabool(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1942,7 +1943,7 @@ static int param_set_aauint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return error;
 }
 
-static int param_get_aauint(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_aauint(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -1978,7 +1979,7 @@ static int param_set_aaintbool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
  * display in the /sys filesystem, while keeping it "int" for the LSM
  * infrastructure.
  */
-static int param_get_aaintbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_aaintbool(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	struct kernel_param kp_local;
 	bool value;
@@ -2011,7 +2012,7 @@ static int param_set_aacompressionlevel(const char *val,
 	return error;
 }
 
-static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
@@ -2021,7 +2022,7 @@ static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(char *buffer,
 	return param_get_int(buffer, kp);
 }
 
-static int param_get_debug(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_debug(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
 		return -EINVAL;
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:24 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] moduleparam: Drop legacy kernel_param_ops .get_str field and dispatch logic
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-11-kees@kernel.org>

All struct kernel_param_ops .get callbacks have been migrated to using
struct seq_buf. Drop the migration scaffolding.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/moduleparam.h | 37 ++--------------------
 kernel/params.c             | 62 ++++++++++---------------------------
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
index 38acb5aef56b..e6af6f051c93 100644
--- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
+++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
@@ -66,15 +66,8 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	/*
 	 * Format the parameter's value into @s.  Return 0 on success
 	 * (length derived from seq_buf_used()) or -errno on error.
-	 * Exactly one of .get and .get_str should be set; the dispatcher
-	 * WARNs and prefers .get if both are.
 	 */
 	int (*get)(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-	/*
-	 * Returns length written or -errno.  Buffer is 4k (ie. be short!).
-	 * Deprecated: callbacks should implement .get instead.
-	 */
-	int (*get_str)(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 	/* Optional function to free kp->arg when module unloaded. */
 	void (*free)(void *arg);
 };
@@ -84,33 +77,11 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
  * any required visibility qualifiers (typically "static"):
  *
  *   static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);
- *
- * @_get may be either of:
- *   int (*)(struct seq_buf *, const struct kernel_param *) (seq_buf)
- *   int (*)(char *, const struct kernel_param *)           (legacy)
- *
- * The macro uses _Generic to route the function pointer to the
- * matching field (.get or .get_str) at compile time, leaving the
- * other field NULL. Each helper matches the wrong prototype signature
- * and returns NULL, falling through to the default branch otherwise;
- * if @_get has neither expected signature the assignment to the
- * fields gets a normal compile-time type-mismatch error.
  */
-#define _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get)					\
-	_Generic((_get),						\
-	    int (*)(char *, const struct kernel_param *): NULL,		\
-	    default: (_get))
-
-#define _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get)					\
-	_Generic((_get),						\
-	    int (*)(struct seq_buf *, const struct kernel_param *): NULL, \
-	    default: (_get))
-
 #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(_name, _set, _get)			\
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
-		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
+		.get = (_get),						\
 	}
 
 /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG set. */
@@ -118,16 +89,14 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,			\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
-		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
+		.get = (_get),						\
 	}
 
 /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with an additional .free callback. */
 #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(_name, _set, _get, _free)		\
 	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
 		.set = (_set),						\
-		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
-		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
+		.get = (_get),						\
 		.free = (_free),					\
 	}
 
diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index 25f0c8d5d19f..6b410189297b 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -461,8 +461,7 @@ static int param_array_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	const struct kparam_array *arr = kp->arr;
 	struct kernel_param p = *kp;
-	char *elem_buf = NULL;
-	int i, ret = 0;
+	int i, ret;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
 		size_t before = s->len;
@@ -470,23 +469,9 @@ static int param_array_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 		p.arg = arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i;
 		check_kparam_locked(p.mod);
 
-		if (arr->ops->get) {
-			ret = arr->ops->get(s, &p);
-			if (ret < 0)
-				goto out;
-		} else {
-			if (!elem_buf) {
-				elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
-				if (!elem_buf) {
-					ret = -ENOMEM;
-					goto out;
-				}
-			}
-			ret = arr->ops->get_str(elem_buf, &p);
-			if (ret < 0)
-				goto out;
-			seq_buf_putmem(s, elem_buf, ret);
-		}
+		ret = arr->ops->get(s, &p);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
 
 		/* Nothing got written (e.g. overflow) ? stop. */
 		if (s->len == before)
@@ -496,10 +481,7 @@ static int param_array_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 		if (i && s->buffer[before - 1] == '\n')
 			s->buffer[before - 1] = ',';
 	}
-	ret = 0;
-out:
-	kfree(elem_buf);
-	return ret;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void param_array_free(void *arg)
@@ -570,32 +552,22 @@ static ssize_t param_attr_show(const struct module_attribute *mattr,
 	int count;
 	const struct param_attribute *attribute = to_param_attr(mattr);
 	const struct kernel_param_ops *ops = attribute->param->ops;
+	struct seq_buf s;
 
-	if (!ops->get && !ops->get_str)
+	if (!ops->get)
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(ops->get && ops->get_str);
-
 	kernel_param_lock(mk->mod);
-	if (ops->get) {
-		struct seq_buf s;
-
-		seq_buf_init(&s, buf, PAGE_SIZE);
-		count = ops->get(&s, attribute->param);
-		if (count >= 0) {
-			WARN_ON_ONCE(count > 0);
-			count = seq_buf_used(&s);
-			/* Make sure string is terminated. */
-			seq_buf_str(&s);
-			/*
-			 * If overflowed, reduce count by 1 for trailing
-			 * NUL byte.
-			 */
-			if (seq_buf_has_overflowed(&s))
-				count--;
-		}
-	} else {
-		count = ops->get_str(buf, attribute->param);
+	seq_buf_init(&s, buf, PAGE_SIZE);
+	count = ops->get(&s, attribute->param);
+	if (count >= 0) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(count > 0);
+		count = seq_buf_used(&s);
+		/* Make sure string is terminated. */
+		seq_buf_str(&s);
+		/* If overflowed, reduce count by 1 for trailing NUL byte. */
+		if (seq_buf_has_overflowed(&s))
+			count--;
 	}
 	kernel_param_unlock(mk->mod);
 	return count;
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:23 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] treewide: Manually convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-10-kees@kernel.org>

Convert struct kernel_param_ops .get callbacks from legacy "char *" to
"struct seq_buf *".

Since seq_buf_printf() will return -1 on overflow, and struct
kernel_param_ops .get callbacks are expected to truncate without error,
we must ignore the return value from seq_buf_print() and always return 0
(as the length is calculated in the common dispatcher code).

No struct kernel_param_ops initializations need changing since
DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS already routes the pointer to .get or .get_str
via _Generic based on the function signature, so converted callbacks
are automatically moved from the .get_str to the .get callback.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/dynamic_debug.h            |  8 ++-
 arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c              |  3 +-
 arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c             | 12 ++--
 drivers/acpi/button.c                    | 19 ++++--
 drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                     | 83 +++++++++++-------------
 drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c        | 33 ++++------
 drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c           | 34 +++++-----
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c  | 26 ++++----
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c      |  7 +-
 drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c       |  8 ++-
 drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c                  | 17 +++--
 drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c       | 22 +++----
 drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c | 14 ++--
 drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c               | 18 ++---
 drivers/usb/storage/usb.c                | 20 +++---
 drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c             | 21 +++---
 lib/dynamic_debug.c                      | 10 ++-
 17 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 177 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
index 05743900a116..999a25671b6a 100644
--- a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
+++ b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
@@ -334,8 +334,10 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
 extern int ddebug_dyndbg_module_param_cb(char *param, char *val,
 					const char *modname);
 struct kernel_param;
+struct seq_buf;
 int param_set_dyndbg_classes(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+int param_get_dyndbg_classes(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 #else
 
@@ -352,9 +354,11 @@ static inline int ddebug_dyndbg_module_param_cb(char *param, char *val,
 }
 
 struct kernel_param;
+struct seq_buf;
 static inline int param_set_dyndbg_classes(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 { return 0; }
-static inline int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static inline int param_get_dyndbg_classes(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+					   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 { return 0; }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
index fb7988dc5482..7c1119d0d9c1 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
@@ -623,7 +623,8 @@ static int uml_vfio_cmdline_set(const char *device, const struct kernel_param *k
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int uml_vfio_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int uml_vfio_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
index f9ae745f4586..cea806540625 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
@@ -1379,23 +1379,21 @@ static int vu_cmdline_get_device(struct device *dev, void *data)
 {
 	struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
 	struct virtio_uml_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
-	char *buffer = data;
-	unsigned int len = strlen(buffer);
+	struct seq_buf *s = data;
 
-	snprintf(buffer + len, PAGE_SIZE - len, "%s:%d:%d\n",
-		 pdata->socket_path, pdata->virtio_device_id, pdev->id);
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "%s:%d:%d\n",
+		       pdata->socket_path, pdata->virtio_device_id, pdev->id);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int vu_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int vu_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	guard(mutex)(&vu_cmdline_lock);
 
-	buffer[0] = '\0';
 	if (vu_cmdline_parent_registered)
 		device_for_each_child(&vu_cmdline_parent, buffer,
 				      vu_cmdline_get_device);
-	return strlen(buffer) + 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vu_cmdline_param_ops, vu_cmdline_set,
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/button.c b/drivers/acpi/button.c
index dc064a388c23..31c624bebc65 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/button.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/button.c
@@ -715,19 +715,24 @@ static int param_set_lid_init_state(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_lid_init_state(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_lid_init_state(struct seq_buf *buf,
+				    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int i, c = 0;
+	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lid_init_state_str); i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lid_init_state_str); i++) {
 		if (i == lid_init_state)
-			c += sprintf(buf + c, "[%s] ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
+			seq_buf_printf(buf, "[%s] ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
 		else
-			c += sprintf(buf + c, "%s ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
+			seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
+	}
 
-	buf[c - 1] = '\n'; /* Replace the final space with a newline */
+	/* Replace the final space with a newline. */
+	if (!seq_buf_has_overflowed(buf) && buf->len > 0 &&
+	    buf->buffer[buf->len - 1] == ' ')
+		buf->buffer[buf->len - 1] = '\n';
 
-	return c;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(lid_init_state,
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
index 5247ed7e05cc..dff7cc7da8bf 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
@@ -89,53 +89,49 @@ static const struct acpi_dlevel acpi_debug_levels[] = {
 	ACPI_DEBUG_INIT(ACPI_LV_EVENTS),
 };
 
-static int param_get_debug_layer(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_debug_layer(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int result = 0;
 	int i;
 
-	result = sprintf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(acpi_debug_layers); i++) {
-		result += sprintf(buffer + result, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
-				  acpi_debug_layers[i].name,
-				  acpi_debug_layers[i].value,
-				  (acpi_dbg_layer & acpi_debug_layers[i].value)
-				  ? '*' : ' ');
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
+			       acpi_debug_layers[i].name,
+			       acpi_debug_layers[i].value,
+			       (acpi_dbg_layer & acpi_debug_layers[i].value)
+			       ? '*' : ' ');
 	}
-	result +=
-	    sprintf(buffer + result, "%-25s\t0x%08X [%c]\n", "ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS",
-		    ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS,
-		    (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS) ==
-		    ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS ? '*' : (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS)
-		    == 0 ? ' ' : '-');
-	result +=
-	    sprintf(buffer + result,
-		    "--\ndebug_layer = 0x%08X ( * = enabled)\n",
-		    acpi_dbg_layer);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\t0x%08X [%c]\n", "ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS",
+		       ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS,
+		       (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS) == ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS
+		       ? '*' : (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS) == 0
+		       ? ' ' : '-');
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "--\ndebug_layer = 0x%08X ( * = enabled)\n",
+		       acpi_dbg_layer);
 
-	return result;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_debug_level(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_debug_level(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int result = 0;
 	int i;
 
-	result = sprintf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(acpi_debug_levels); i++) {
-		result += sprintf(buffer + result, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
-				  acpi_debug_levels[i].name,
-				  acpi_debug_levels[i].value,
-				  (acpi_dbg_level & acpi_debug_levels[i].value)
-				  ? '*' : ' ');
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
+			       acpi_debug_levels[i].name,
+			       acpi_debug_levels[i].value,
+			       (acpi_dbg_level & acpi_debug_levels[i].value)
+			       ? '*' : ' ');
 	}
-	result +=
-	    sprintf(buffer + result, "--\ndebug_level = 0x%08X (* = enabled)\n",
-		    acpi_dbg_level);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "--\ndebug_level = 0x%08X (* = enabled)\n",
+		       acpi_dbg_level);
 
-	return result;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_debug_layer, param_set_uint,
@@ -247,16 +243,18 @@ static int param_set_trace_state(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_trace_state(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_trace_state(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!(acpi_gbl_trace_flags & ACPI_TRACE_ENABLED))
-		return sprintf(buffer, "disable\n");
-	if (!acpi_gbl_trace_method_name)
-		return sprintf(buffer, "enable\n");
-	if (acpi_gbl_trace_flags & ACPI_TRACE_ONESHOT)
-		return sprintf(buffer, "method-once\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "disable\n");
+	else if (!acpi_gbl_trace_method_name)
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "enable\n");
+	else if (acpi_gbl_trace_flags & ACPI_TRACE_ONESHOT)
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "method-once\n");
 	else
-		return sprintf(buffer, "method\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "method\n");
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(trace_state, param_set_trace_state, param_get_trace_state,
@@ -272,14 +270,11 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(aml_debug_output,
 		 "To enable/disable the ACPI Debug Object output.");
 
 /* /sys/module/acpi/parameters/acpica_version */
-static int param_get_acpica_version(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_acpica_version(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 				    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int result;
-
-	result = sprintf(buffer, "%x\n", ACPI_CA_VERSION);
-
-	return result;
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%x\n", ACPI_CA_VERSION);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(acpica_version, NULL, param_get_acpica_version, NULL, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
index 91a99417d204..2bfec85ef331 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_timeout, set_param_timeout,
 			       param_get_int);
 #define param_check_timeout param_check_int
 
-typedef int (*action_fn)(const char *intval, char *outval);
+typedef int (*action_fn)(const char *intval, struct seq_buf *outval);
 
-static int action_op(const char *inval, char *outval);
-static int preaction_op(const char *inval, char *outval);
-static int preop_op(const char *inval, char *outval);
+static int action_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval);
+static int preaction_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval);
+static int preop_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval);
 static void check_parms(void);
 
 static int set_param_str(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -227,20 +227,11 @@ static int set_param_str(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return rv;
 }
 
-static int get_param_str(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_param_str(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	action_fn fn = (action_fn) kp->arg;
-	int rv, len;
 
-	rv = fn(NULL, buffer);
-	if (rv)
-		return rv;
-
-	len = strlen(buffer);
-	buffer[len++] = '\n';
-	buffer[len] = 0;
-
-	return len;
+	return fn(NULL, buffer);
 }
 
 
@@ -1154,12 +1145,12 @@ static int action_op_set_val(const char *inval)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int action_op(const char *inval, char *outval)
+static int action_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval)
 {
 	int rv;
 
 	if (outval)
-		strcpy(outval, action);
+		seq_buf_printf(outval, "%s\n", action);
 
 	if (!inval)
 		return 0;
@@ -1186,12 +1177,12 @@ static int preaction_op_set_val(const char *inval)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int preaction_op(const char *inval, char *outval)
+static int preaction_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval)
 {
 	int rv;
 
 	if (outval)
-		strcpy(outval, preaction);
+		seq_buf_printf(outval, "%s\n", preaction);
 
 	if (!inval)
 		return 0;
@@ -1214,12 +1205,12 @@ static int preop_op_set_val(const char *inval)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int preop_op(const char *inval, char *outval)
+static int preop_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval)
 {
 	int rv;
 
 	if (outval)
-		strcpy(outval, preop);
+		seq_buf_printf(outval, "%s\n", preop);
 
 	if (!inval)
 		return 0;
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
index c87a5449ba8c..4ebc1e327849 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
@@ -860,7 +860,8 @@ static int fw_cfg_cmdline_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(fw_cfg_cmdline_dev);
 }
 
-static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *buf,
+			      const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	/* stay silent if device was not configured via the command
 	 * line, or if the parameter name (ioport/mmio) doesn't match
@@ -873,22 +874,25 @@ static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 
 	switch (fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->num_resources) {
 	case 1:
-		return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, PH_ADDR_PR_1_FMT,
-				resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start);
+		seq_buf_printf(buf, PH_ADDR_PR_1_FMT,
+			       resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start);
+		return 0;
 	case 3:
-		return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, PH_ADDR_PR_3_FMT,
-				resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start);
+		seq_buf_printf(buf, PH_ADDR_PR_3_FMT,
+			       resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start);
+		return 0;
 	case 4:
-		return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, PH_ADDR_PR_4_FMT,
-				resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start,
-				fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[3].start);
+		seq_buf_printf(buf, PH_ADDR_PR_4_FMT,
+			       resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start,
+			       fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[3].start);
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Should never get here */
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
index 6061eae84e9c..99cb38f355b6 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
@@ -95,33 +95,37 @@ static int mitigations_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int mitigations_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int mitigations_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	unsigned long local = READ_ONCE(mitigations);
-	int count, i;
 	bool enable;
+	int i;
 
-	if (!local)
-		return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", "off");
+	if (!local) {
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", "off");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (local & BIT(BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) {
-		count = scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s,", "auto");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s,", "auto");
 		enable = false;
 	} else {
 		enable = true;
-		count = 0;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(names); i++) {
 		if ((local & BIT(i)) != enable)
 			continue;
-
-		count += scnprintf(buffer + count, PAGE_SIZE - count,
-				   "%s%s,", enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s%s,", enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);
 	}
 
-	buffer[count - 1] = '\n';
-	return count;
+	/* Replace the trailing comma with a newline. */
+	if (!seq_buf_has_overflowed(buffer) && buffer->len > 0 &&
+	    buffer->buffer[buffer->len - 1] == ',')
+		buffer->buffer[buffer->len - 1] = '\n';
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ops, mitigations_set, mitigations_get);
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
index a81515f52a4f..4f53e939eec1 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
@@ -161,14 +161,15 @@ static struct ib_client srp_client = {
 
 static struct ib_sa_client srp_sa_client;
 
-static int srp_tmo_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int srp_tmo_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int tmo = *(int *)kp->arg;
 
 	if (tmo >= 0)
-		return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%d\n", tmo);
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", tmo);
 	else
-		return sysfs_emit(buffer, "off\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "off\n");
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int srp_tmo_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
index 2338cab7fef9..1c5c40ce852d 100644
--- a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
+++ b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
@@ -2451,12 +2451,14 @@ static int uvc_reset_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
  * Module parameters
  */
 
-static int uvc_clock_param_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int uvc_clock_param_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (uvc_clock_param == CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
-		return sprintf(buffer, "CLOCK_MONOTONIC");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "CLOCK_MONOTONIC");
 	else
-		return sprintf(buffer, "CLOCK_REALTIME");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "CLOCK_REALTIME");
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int uvc_clock_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c b/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
index 925373b98dff..af2dd668fe4d 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
@@ -1572,16 +1572,19 @@ static int pcie_aspm_set_policy(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pcie_aspm_get_policy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int pcie_aspm_get_policy(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int i, cnt = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(policy_str); i++)
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(policy_str); i++) {
 		if (i == aspm_policy)
-			cnt += sprintf(buffer + cnt, "[%s] ", policy_str[i]);
+			seq_buf_printf(buffer, "[%s] ", policy_str[i]);
 		else
-			cnt += sprintf(buffer + cnt, "%s ", policy_str[i]);
-	cnt += sprintf(buffer + cnt, "\n");
-	return cnt;
+			seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s ", policy_str[i]);
+	}
+	seq_buf_putc(buffer, '\n');
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(policy, pcie_aspm_set_policy, pcie_aspm_get_policy,
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c b/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c
index 88d85fc9a52a..aa10514ec46e 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
 
 static int fcoe_transport_create(const char *, const struct kernel_param *);
 static int fcoe_transport_destroy(const char *, const struct kernel_param *);
-static int fcoe_transport_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int fcoe_transport_show(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			       const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static struct fcoe_transport *fcoe_transport_lookup(struct net_device *device);
 static struct fcoe_transport *fcoe_netdev_map_lookup(struct net_device *device);
 static int fcoe_transport_enable(const char *, const struct kernel_param *);
@@ -595,22 +596,21 @@ int fcoe_transport_detach(struct fcoe_transport *ft)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fcoe_transport_detach);
 
-static int fcoe_transport_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int fcoe_transport_show(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int i, j;
 	struct fcoe_transport *ft = NULL;
 
-	i = j = sprintf(buffer, "Attached FCoE transports:");
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "Attached FCoE transports:");
 	mutex_lock(&ft_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(ft, &fcoe_transports, list) {
-		if (i >= PAGE_SIZE - IFNAMSIZ)
-			break;
-		i += snprintf(&buffer[i], IFNAMSIZ, "%s ", ft->name);
+	if (list_empty(&fcoe_transports)) {
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "none");
+	} else {
+		list_for_each_entry(ft, &fcoe_transports, list)
+			seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s ", ft->name);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&ft_mutex);
-	if (i == j)
-		i += snprintf(&buffer[i], IFNAMSIZ, "none");
-	return i;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __init fcoe_transport_init(void)
diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
index 98fbc6892714..50ec1a0ff1ab 100644
--- a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
+++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
@@ -101,15 +101,13 @@ static int duration_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int duration_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int duration_get(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int ret;
-
 	mutex_lock(&powerclamp_lock);
-	ret = sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", duration / 1000);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%d\n", duration / 1000);
 	mutex_unlock(&powerclamp_lock);
 
-	return ret;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(duration_ops, duration_set, duration_get);
@@ -192,12 +190,14 @@ static int cpumask_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int cpumask_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int cpumask_get(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!cpumask_available(idle_injection_cpu_mask))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	return cpumap_print_to_pagebuf(false, buf, idle_injection_cpu_mask);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%*pb\n", nr_cpu_ids,
+		       cpumask_bits(idle_injection_cpu_mask));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cpumask_ops, cpumask_set, cpumask_get);
diff --git a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
index 29612a4a32cb..b27c1dfbd249 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
@@ -1256,36 +1256,32 @@ static int param_set_vmidfilter(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 
 /**
  * param_get_vmidfilter() - Get z/VM user ID filter
- * @buffer:	Buffer to store z/VM user ID filter,
- *		(buffer size assumption PAGE_SIZE)
+ * @buffer:	seq_buf to store z/VM user ID filter
  * @kp:		Kernel parameter pointing to the hvc_iucv_filter array
  *
  * The function stores the filter as a comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs
  * in @buffer. Typically, sysfs routines call this function for attr show.
  */
-static int param_get_vmidfilter(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_vmidfilter(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	int rc;
 	size_t index, len;
 	void *start, *end;
 
 	if (!machine_is_vm() || !hvc_iucv_devices)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	rc = 0;
 	read_lock_bh(&hvc_iucv_filter_lock);
 	for (index = 0; index < hvc_iucv_filter_size; index++) {
 		start = hvc_iucv_filter + (8 * index);
 		end   = memchr(start, ' ', 8);
 		len   = (end) ? end - start : 8;
-		memcpy(buffer + rc, start, len);
-		rc += len;
-		buffer[rc++] = ',';
+		if (index)
+			seq_buf_putc(buffer, ',');
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%.*s", (int)len, (char *)start);
 	}
 	read_unlock_bh(&hvc_iucv_filter_lock);
-	if (rc)
-		buffer[--rc] = '\0';	/* replace last comma and update rc */
-	return rc;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 #define param_check_vmidfilter(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
diff --git a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
index 71dd623b95c9..637e1b8f622f 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
@@ -115,27 +115,22 @@ static int parse_delay_str(const char *str, int ndecimals, const char *suffix,
  * @val: The integer value to format, scaled by 10^(@ndecimals).
  * @ndecimals: Number of decimal to scale down.
  * @suffix: Suffix string to format.
- * @str: Where to store the formatted string.
- * @size: The size of buffer for @str.
+ * @s: Where to store the formatted string.
  *
  * Format an integer value in @val scale down by 10^(@ndecimals) without @suffix
  * if @val is divisible by 10^(@ndecimals).
  * Otherwise format a value in @val just as it is with @suffix
- *
- * Returns the number of characters written into @str.
  */
-static int format_delay_ms(unsigned int val, int ndecimals, const char *suffix,
-			char *str, int size)
+static void format_delay_ms(unsigned int val, int ndecimals, const char *suffix,
+			    struct seq_buf *s)
 {
 	u64 delay_ms = val;
 	unsigned int rem = do_div(delay_ms, int_pow(10, ndecimals));
-	int ret;
 
 	if (rem)
-		ret = scnprintf(str, size, "%u%s\n", val, suffix);
+		seq_buf_printf(s, "%u%s\n", val, suffix);
 	else
-		ret = scnprintf(str, size, "%u\n", (unsigned int)delay_ms);
-	return ret;
+		seq_buf_printf(s, "%u\n", (unsigned int)delay_ms);
 }
 
 static int delay_use_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -151,11 +146,12 @@ static int delay_use_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int delay_use_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int delay_use_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	unsigned int delay_ms = *((unsigned int *)kp->arg);
 
-	return format_delay_ms(delay_ms, 3, "ms", s, PAGE_SIZE);
+	format_delay_ms(delay_ms, 3, "ms", s);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(delay_use_ops, delay_use_set, delay_use_get);
diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
index f6df9c76ee81..81a7455e4643 100644
--- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
+++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
@@ -728,24 +728,21 @@ static int vm_cmdline_set(const char *device,
 
 static int vm_cmdline_get_device(struct device *dev, void *data)
 {
-	char *buffer = data;
-	unsigned int len = strlen(buffer);
+	struct seq_buf *s = data;
 	struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
 
-	snprintf(buffer + len, PAGE_SIZE - len, "0x%llx at 0x%llx:%llu:%d\n",
-			pdev->resource[0].end - pdev->resource[0].start + 1ULL,
-			(unsigned long long)pdev->resource[0].start,
-			(unsigned long long)pdev->resource[1].start,
-			pdev->id);
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "0x%llx at 0x%llx:%llu:%d\n",
+		       pdev->resource[0].end - pdev->resource[0].start + 1ULL,
+		       (unsigned long long)pdev->resource[0].start,
+		       (unsigned long long)pdev->resource[1].start,
+		       pdev->id);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int vm_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int vm_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	buffer[0] = '\0';
-	device_for_each_child(&vm_cmdline_parent, buffer,
-			vm_cmdline_get_device);
-	return strlen(buffer) + 1;
+	device_for_each_child(&vm_cmdline_parent, s, vm_cmdline_get_device);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vm_cmdline_param_ops, vm_cmdline_set,
diff --git a/lib/dynamic_debug.c b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
index cf0405ba0dbd..123f061c2fb2 100644
--- a/lib/dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
@@ -787,7 +788,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_dyndbg_classes);
  * altered by direct >control.  Displays 0x for DISJOINT, 0-N for
  * LEVEL Returns: #chars written or <0 on error
  */
-int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+int param_get_dyndbg_classes(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
 	const struct ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
@@ -796,11 +798,13 @@ int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 
 	case DD_CLASS_TYPE_DISJOINT_NAMES:
 	case DD_CLASS_TYPE_DISJOINT_BITS:
-		return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "0x%lx\n", *dcp->bits);
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%lx\n", *dcp->bits);
+		return 0;
 
 	case DD_CLASS_TYPE_LEVEL_NAMES:
 	case DD_CLASS_TYPE_LEVEL_NUM:
-		return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", *dcp->lvl);
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", *dcp->lvl);
+		return 0;
 	default:
 		return -1;
 	}
-- 
2.34.1



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:22 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:22 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks to seq_buf via cocci
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-9-kees@kernel.org>

Using the following Coccinelle script, convert struct kernel_param_ops
.get callbacks from "char *" to "struct seq_buf *" when the only write
to the buffer is via a final call of scnprintf(), snprintf(), sprintf(),
or sysfs_emit().

Since seq_buf_printf() will return -1 on overflow, and struct
kernel_param_ops .get callbacks are expected to truncate without error,
we must ignore the return value from seq_buf_print() and always return 0
(as the length is calculated in the common dispatcher code).

@@
identifier FN, BUF, KP;
expression FMT;
expression list ARGS;
@@
 int FN(
-               char *BUF
+               struct seq_buf *BUF
                , const struct kernel_param *KP)
 {
        ... when any
(
-       return scnprintf(BUF, PAGE_SIZE, FMT, ARGS);
|
-       return snprintf(BUF, PAGE_SIZE, FMT, ARGS);
|
-       return sprintf(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
|
-       return sysfs_emit(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
)
+       seq_buf_printf(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
+       return 0;
 }

No struct kernel_param_ops initializations need changing since
DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS already routes the pointer to .get or .get_str
via _Generic based on the function signature, so converted callbacks
are automatically moved from the .get_str to the .get callback.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c               |  6 ++-
 arch/x86/kernel/msr.c                         |  5 +-
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        | 18 ++++---
 arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c                 | 12 +++--
 drivers/acpi/ec.c                             | 14 ++++--
 drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                          |  6 ++-
 drivers/block/ublk_drv.c                      |  5 +-
 drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c           |  6 ++-
 drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c              | 12 +++--
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c                   |  7 +--
 drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c           |  7 +--
 drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c         |  5 +-
 drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c              | 10 ++--
 drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c            |  9 ++--
 drivers/md/md.c                               |  5 +-
 drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c        |  6 ++-
 drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c                 |  5 +-
 drivers/power/supply/test_power.c             | 47 +++++++++++--------
 drivers/target/target_core_user.c             | 12 +++--
 .../processor_thermal_soc_slider.c            | 12 +++--
 drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c        |  7 +--
 drivers/vhost/scsi.c                          |  5 +-
 fs/nfs/namespace.c                            |  6 ++-
 fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c                        |  5 +-
 fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c                        |  5 +-
 kernel/locking/locktorture.c                  |  6 ++-
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                             |  6 ++-
 kernel/workqueue.c                            |  6 ++-
 lib/test_dynamic_debug.c                      |  6 ++-
 mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           | 14 +++---
 mm/damon/reclaim.c                            | 14 +++---
 mm/damon/stat.c                               | 10 ++--
 mm/memory_hotplug.c                           | 18 ++++---
 net/ceph/ceph_common.c                        |  5 +-
 net/sunrpc/auth.c                             |  6 ++-
 net/sunrpc/svc.c                              |  5 +-
 security/apparmor/lsm.c                       | 16 ++++---
 37 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
index 76119542562b..75b0d441d238 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
@@ -1991,11 +1991,13 @@ static int s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
 	return cpusf_pmu_setup(cpu, PMC_RELEASE);
 }
 
-static int param_get_sfb_size(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_sfb_size(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			      const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!cpum_sf_avail())
 		return -ENODEV;
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%lu,%lu", CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%lu,%lu", CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_sfb_size(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
index 5f4e1814dc4d..9f07f66c3cfc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ static int set_allow_writes(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *cp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_allow_writes(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_allow_writes(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	const char *res;
 
@@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ static int get_allow_writes(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	default: res = "default"; break;
 	}
 
-	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", res);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s\n", res);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(allow_writes_ops, set_allow_writes,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index 07f4c7209ac0..00317774a90b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -368,12 +368,16 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(struct seq_buf *s,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param)))
-		return sysfs_emit(s, "???\n");
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param))) {
+		seq_buf_printf(s, "???\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
-	return sysfs_emit(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -459,9 +463,11 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	pr_warn_once("Kernel compiled without mitigations, ignoring vmentry_l1d_flush\n");
 	return 0;
 }
-static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(struct seq_buf *s,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sysfs_emit(s, "never\n");
+	seq_buf_printf(s, "never\n");
+	return 0;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
index a7ac80b5f8d9..c401369efe22 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
@@ -111,9 +111,11 @@ module_param_named(dump_loglevel, uv_nmi_loglevel, int, 0644);
  * The following values show statistics on how perf events are affecting
  * this system.
  */
-static int param_get_local64(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_local64(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%lu\n", local64_read((local64_t *)kp->arg));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%lu\n", local64_read((local64_t *)kp->arg));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_local64(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -207,9 +209,11 @@ static const char * const actions_desc[nmi_act_max] = {
 
 static enum action_t uv_nmi_action = nmi_act_dump;
 
-static int param_get_action(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_action(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", actions[uv_nmi_action]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", actions[uv_nmi_action]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_action(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/ec.c b/drivers/acpi/ec.c
index 45204538ed87..6478e5290faf 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/ec.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/ec.c
@@ -2236,18 +2236,22 @@ static int param_set_event_clearing(const char *val,
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int param_get_event_clearing(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_event_clearing(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 				    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	switch (ec_event_clearing) {
 	case ACPI_EC_EVT_TIMING_STATUS:
-		return sprintf(buffer, "status\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "status\n");
+		return 0;
 	case ACPI_EC_EVT_TIMING_QUERY:
-		return sprintf(buffer, "query\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "query\n");
+		return 0;
 	case ACPI_EC_EVT_TIMING_EVENT:
-		return sprintf(buffer, "event\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "event\n");
+		return 0;
 	default:
-		return sprintf(buffer, "invalid\n");
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "invalid\n");
+		return 0;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
index 3d32a5280432..5247ed7e05cc 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
@@ -192,9 +192,11 @@ static int param_set_trace_method_name(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_trace_method_name(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_trace_method_name(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", acpi_gbl_trace_method_name);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", acpi_gbl_trace_method_name);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_trace_method,
diff --git a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
index f7bf7ea2d088..ea35662381bf 100644
--- a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
@@ -5868,10 +5868,11 @@ static int ublk_set_max_unprivileged_ublks(const char *buf,
 	return param_set_uint_minmax(buf, kp, 0, UBLK_MAX_UBLKS);
 }
 
-static int ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks(char *buf,
+static int ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks(struct seq_buf *buf,
 					   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", unprivileged_ublks_max);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%u\n", unprivileged_ublks_max);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops,
diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
index b5fed11707e8..45941605b88f 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ static int panic_op_write_handler(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int panic_op_read_handler(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int panic_op_read_handler(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	const char *event_str;
 
@@ -99,7 +100,8 @@ static int panic_op_read_handler(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	else
 		event_str = ipmi_panic_event_str[ipmi_send_panic_event];
 
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", event_str);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", event_str);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(panic_op_ops, panic_op_write_handler,
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
index ef57df53e087..1bdb497e354e 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
@@ -2694,12 +2694,16 @@ static irqreturn_t qcom_scm_irq_handler(int irq, void *data)
 	return IRQ_HANDLED;
 }
 
-static int get_download_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_download_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	if (download_mode >= ARRAY_SIZE(download_mode_name))
-		return sysfs_emit(buffer, "unknown mode\n");
+	if (download_mode >= ARRAY_SIZE(download_mode_name)) {
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "unknown mode\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
 
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", download_mode_name[download_mode]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", download_mode_name[download_mode]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int set_download_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
index c35d1adf2ce3..8b3b749284f0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
@@ -841,10 +841,11 @@ static int drm_panic_type_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static int drm_panic_type_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int drm_panic_type_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			      const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n",
-			 drm_panic_type_map[drm_panic_type]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", drm_panic_type_map[drm_panic_type]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(drm_panic_ops, drm_panic_type_set,
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
index 5b9b0b38b419..3c3f8d4db99d 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(cu, "Credit return units");
 
 unsigned long hfi1_cap_mask = HFI1_CAP_MASK_DEFAULT;
 static int hfi1_caps_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int hfi1_caps_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int hfi1_caps_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cap_ops, hfi1_caps_set, hfi1_caps_get);
 module_param_cb(cap_mask, &cap_ops, &hfi1_cap_mask, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cap_mask, "Bit mask of enabled/disabled HW features");
@@ -101,14 +101,15 @@ static int hfi1_caps_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int hfi1_caps_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int hfi1_caps_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	unsigned long cap_mask = *(unsigned long *)kp->arg;
 
 	cap_mask &= ~HFI1_CAP_LOCKED_SMASK;
 	cap_mask |= ((cap_mask & HFI1_CAP_K2U) << HFI1_CAP_USER_SHIFT);
 
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "0x%lx\n", cap_mask);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%lx\n", cap_mask);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 struct pci_dev *get_pci_dev(struct rvt_dev_info *rdi)
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c
index 9aec5d80117f..97c77d52a86a 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c
@@ -86,9 +86,10 @@ static int srpt_set_u64_x(const char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	return kstrtou64(buffer, 16, (u64 *)kp->arg);
 }
-static int srpt_get_u64_x(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int srpt_get_u64_x(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "0x%016llx\n", *(u64 *)kp->arg);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%016llx\n", *(u64 *)kp->arg);
+	return 0;
 }
 module_param_call(srpt_service_guid, srpt_set_u64_x, srpt_get_u64_x,
 		  &srpt_service_guid, 0444);
diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
index 8b4ef7e163d3..d101fe1c2c4c 100644
--- a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
+++ b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
@@ -63,12 +63,13 @@ static int ati_remote2_set_channel_mask(const char *val,
 	return ati_remote2_set_mask(val, kp, ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_CHANNEL_MASK);
 }
 
-static int ati_remote2_get_channel_mask(char *buffer,
+static int ati_remote2_get_channel_mask(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	pr_debug("%s()\n", __func__);
 
-	return sprintf(buffer, "0x%04x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%04x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int ati_remote2_set_mode_mask(const char *val,
@@ -79,12 +80,13 @@ static int ati_remote2_set_mode_mask(const char *val,
 	return ati_remote2_set_mask(val, kp, ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_MODE_MASK);
 }
 
-static int ati_remote2_get_mode_mask(char *buffer,
+static int ati_remote2_get_mode_mask(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 				     const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	pr_debug("%s()\n", __func__);
 
-	return sprintf(buffer, "0x%02x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%02x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static unsigned int channel_mask = ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_CHANNEL_MASK;
diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
index f9ebb1fd0b6f..39a9b87e69d1 100644
--- a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
+++ b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
 static unsigned int psmouse_max_proto = PSMOUSE_AUTO;
 static int psmouse_set_maxproto(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *);
-static int psmouse_get_maxproto(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int psmouse_get_maxproto(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_proto_abbrev, psmouse_set_maxproto,
 			       psmouse_get_maxproto);
 #define param_check_proto_abbrev(name, p)	__param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
@@ -1994,11 +1995,13 @@ static int psmouse_set_maxproto(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int psmouse_get_maxproto(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int psmouse_get_maxproto(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int type = *((unsigned int *)kp->arg);
 
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", psmouse_protocol_by_type(type)->name);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", psmouse_protocol_by_type(type)->name);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __init psmouse_init(void)
diff --git a/drivers/md/md.c b/drivers/md/md.c
index 8b568eee8743..ce3eb1396ad0 100644
--- a/drivers/md/md.c
+++ b/drivers/md/md.c
@@ -10989,9 +10989,10 @@ static __exit void md_exit(void)
 subsys_initcall(md_init);
 module_exit(md_exit)
 
-static int get_ro(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_ro(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", start_readonly);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", start_readonly);
+	return 0;
 }
 static int set_ro(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c b/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c
index a10e38221817..35a6ff8d77fc 100644
--- a/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c
+++ b/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c
@@ -69,9 +69,11 @@ static const char *dma_mode_name(unsigned int mode)
 	}
 }
 
-static int tw686x_dma_mode_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int tw686x_dma_mode_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s", dma_mode_name(dma_mode));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s", dma_mode_name(dma_mode));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int tw686x_dma_mode_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
index f7362377e427..e0c87447074d 100644
--- a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
+++ b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
@@ -85,9 +85,10 @@ static int nvme_set_iopolicy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int nvme_get_iopolicy(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int nvme_get_iopolicy(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", nvme_iopolicy_names[iopolicy]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s\n", nvme_iopolicy_names[iopolicy]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(iopolicy, nvme_set_iopolicy, nvme_get_iopolicy,
diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
index 0bf2bef3383a..9dcd588ab5c9 100644
--- a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
+++ b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
@@ -490,10 +490,12 @@ static int param_set_ac_online(const char *key, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_ac_online(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_ac_online(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
-			map_get_key(map_ac_online, ac_online, "unknown"));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       map_get_key(map_ac_online, ac_online, "unknown"));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_usb_online(const char *key, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -503,10 +505,12 @@ static int param_set_usb_online(const char *key, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_usb_online(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_usb_online(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
-			map_get_key(map_ac_online, usb_online, "unknown"));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       map_get_key(map_ac_online, usb_online, "unknown"));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_battery_status(const char *key,
@@ -517,10 +521,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_status(const char *key,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_battery_status(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_battery_status(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
-			map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_status, "unknown"));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_status, "unknown"));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_battery_health(const char *key,
@@ -531,10 +537,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_health(const char *key,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_battery_health(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_battery_health(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
-			map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_health, "unknown"));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_health, "unknown"));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_battery_present(const char *key,
@@ -545,11 +553,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_present(const char *key,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_battery_present(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_battery_present(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
-			map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_present, "unknown"));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_present, "unknown"));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_battery_technology(const char *key,
@@ -561,12 +570,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_technology(const char *key,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_battery_technology(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_battery_technology(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
-			map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_technology,
-					"unknown"));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_technology, "unknown"));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_battery_capacity(const char *key,
diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
index 676a12b44e88..5e8817a63726 100644
--- a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
+++ b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
@@ -249,10 +249,11 @@ static int tcmu_set_global_max_data_area(const char *str,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int tcmu_get_global_max_data_area(char *buffer,
+static int tcmu_get_global_max_data_area(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", TCMU_PAGES_TO_MBS(tcmu_global_max_pages));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", TCMU_PAGES_TO_MBS(tcmu_global_max_pages));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(tcmu_global_max_data_area_op,
@@ -265,11 +266,12 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(global_max_data_area_mb,
 		 "Max MBs allowed to be allocated to all the tcmu device's "
 		 "data areas.");
 
-static int tcmu_get_block_netlink(char *buffer,
+static int tcmu_get_block_netlink(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 				  const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", tcmu_netlink_blocked ?
-		       "blocked" : "unblocked");
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
+		       tcmu_netlink_blocked ? "blocked" : "unblocked");
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int tcmu_set_block_netlink(const char *str,
diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
index 68275c3f2c9b..1a68721748d9 100644
--- a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
+++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
@@ -77,10 +77,12 @@ static int slider_def_balance_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int slider_def_balance_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int slider_def_balance_get(struct seq_buf *buf,
+				  const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	guard(mutex)(&slider_param_lock);
-	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_values[SOC_POWER_SLIDER_BALANCE]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%02x\n", slider_values[SOC_POWER_SLIDER_BALANCE]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_def_balance_ops, slider_def_balance_set,
@@ -109,10 +111,12 @@ static int slider_def_offset_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int slider_def_offset_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int slider_def_offset_get(struct seq_buf *buf,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	guard(mutex)(&slider_param_lock);
-	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_offset);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%02x\n", slider_offset);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_offset_ops, slider_def_offset_set,
diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
index 7d2873da7dc5..88f348b41614 100644
--- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
+++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include <ufs/ufshcd.h>
 #include "ufs-fault-injection.h"
 
-static int ufs_fault_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int ufs_fault_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int ufs_fault_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ufs_fault_ops, ufs_fault_set, ufs_fault_get);
@@ -31,11 +31,12 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(timeout,
 	"Fault injection. timeout=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>");
 static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(ufs_timeout_attr);
 
-static int ufs_fault_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int ufs_fault_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	const char *fault_str = kp->arg;
 
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", fault_str);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", fault_str);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int ufs_fault_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
index fd52f2213e27..23ca63ebf3d2 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
@@ -81,10 +81,11 @@ static int vhost_scsi_set_inline_sg_cnt(const char *buf,
 }
 #endif
 
-static int vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt(char *buf,
+static int vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt(struct seq_buf *buf,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%u\n", vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op,
diff --git a/fs/nfs/namespace.c b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
index f2fba60dc5ed..5b7debe5274b 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/namespace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
@@ -358,7 +358,8 @@ static int param_set_nfs_timeout(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_nfs_timeout(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_nfs_timeout(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	long num = *((int *)kp->arg);
 
@@ -369,7 +370,8 @@ static int param_get_nfs_timeout(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 			num = (num + (HZ - 1)) / HZ;
 	} else
 		num = -1;
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%li\n", num);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%li\n", num);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_nfs_timeout, param_set_nfs_timeout,
diff --git a/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c b/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c
index 5821e33df78f..8fd759d31ff9 100644
--- a/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c
+++ b/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c
@@ -78,10 +78,11 @@ static int param_set_dlmfs_capabilities(const char *val,
 	printk(KERN_ERR "%s: readonly parameter\n", kp->name);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
-static int param_get_dlmfs_capabilities(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_dlmfs_capabilities(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, DLMFS_CAPABILITIES);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, DLMFS_CAPABILITIES);
+	return 0;
 }
 module_param_call(capabilities, param_set_dlmfs_capabilities,
 		  param_get_dlmfs_capabilities, NULL, 0444);
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
index 13cb60b52bd6..d9a21b813b4f 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ static int ovl_ccup_set(const char *buf, const struct kernel_param *param)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int ovl_ccup_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *param)
+static int ovl_ccup_get(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *param)
 {
-	return sprintf(buf, "N\n");
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "N\n");
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(check_copy_up, ovl_ccup_set, ovl_ccup_get, NULL, 0644);
diff --git a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
index 38ae3b596ef2..9c9b6dc25888 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
@@ -86,11 +86,13 @@ static int param_set_cpumask(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 }
 
 // Output a cpumask kernel parameter.
-static int param_get_cpumask(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_cpumask(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	cpumask_var_t *cm_bind = kp->arg;
 
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%*pbl", cpumask_pr_args(*cm_bind));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%*pbl", cpumask_pr_args(*cm_bind));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static bool cpumask_nonempty(cpumask_var_t mask)
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index e675d7f1b4ee..ffbbb7d4ff2a 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -3970,9 +3970,11 @@ static int param_set_do_rcu_barrier(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *
 /*
  * Output the number of outstanding rcutree.do_rcu_barrier requests.
  */
-static int param_get_do_rcu_barrier(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_do_rcu_barrier(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				    const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", atomic_read((atomic_t *)kp->arg));
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", atomic_read((atomic_t *)kp->arg));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(do_rcu_barrier_ops, param_set_do_rcu_barrier,
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 42562b811d94..3fe338d2ca64 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -7157,9 +7157,11 @@ static int wq_affn_dfl_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int wq_affn_dfl_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int wq_affn_dfl_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", wq_affn_names[wq_affn_dfl]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", wq_affn_names[wq_affn_dfl]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wq_affn_dfl_ops, wq_affn_dfl_set,
diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
index 30880b6c726a..70faf8ede76d 100644
--- a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
+++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ static int param_set_do_prints(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	do_prints();
 	return 0;
 }
-static int param_get_do_prints(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_do_prints(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	do_prints();
-	return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "did do_prints\n");
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "did do_prints\n");
+	return 0;
 }
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_do_prints, param_set_do_prints,
 			       param_get_do_prints);
diff --git a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
index 5feb93c5262e..84e607f76126 100644
--- a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
+++ b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
@@ -438,10 +438,11 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_store(const char *val,
 	return damon_lru_sort_turn(enabled);
 }
 
-static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_load(char *buffer,
-		const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				       const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_lru_sort_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_lru_sort_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_lru_sort_enabled_store,
@@ -461,8 +462,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_store(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
-		const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+					   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int kdamond_pid = -1;
 
@@ -471,7 +472,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
 		if (kdamond_pid < 0)
 			kdamond_pid = -1;
 	}
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
diff --git a/mm/damon/reclaim.c b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
index 27e772b095fa..546bdf356a40 100644
--- a/mm/damon/reclaim.c
+++ b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
@@ -340,10 +340,11 @@ static int damon_reclaim_enabled_store(const char *val,
 	return damon_reclaim_turn(enabled);
 }
 
-static int damon_reclaim_enabled_load(char *buffer,
-		const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int damon_reclaim_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				      const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_reclaim_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_reclaim_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_reclaim_enabled_store,
@@ -363,8 +364,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_store(const char *val,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
-		const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+					  const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int kdamond_pid = -1;
 
@@ -373,7 +374,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
 		if (kdamond_pid < 0)
 			kdamond_pid = -1;
 	}
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
diff --git a/mm/damon/stat.c b/mm/damon/stat.c
index 6eb548793802..70d6b477fc0b 100644
--- a/mm/damon/stat.c
+++ b/mm/damon/stat.c
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 static int damon_stat_enabled_store(
 		const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
-static int damon_stat_enabled_load(char *buffer,
-		const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int damon_stat_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				   const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_stat_enabled_store,
 			       damon_stat_enabled_load);
@@ -306,9 +306,11 @@ static int damon_stat_enabled_store(
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int damon_stat_enabled_load(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int damon_stat_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_stat_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_stat_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __init damon_stat_init(void)
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
index 42e0cf313281..887c18a193ac 100644
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -100,13 +100,17 @@ static int set_memmap_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_memmap_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_memmap_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int mode = *((int *)kp->arg);
 
-	if (mode == MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_FORCE)
-		return sprintf(buffer, "force\n");
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", mode ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	if (mode == MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_FORCE) {
+		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "force\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", mode ? 'Y' : 'N');
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(memmap_mode_ops, set_memmap_mode,
@@ -147,9 +151,11 @@ static int set_online_policy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_online_policy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int get_online_policy(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			     const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", online_policy_to_str[*((int *)kp->arg)]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", online_policy_to_str[*((int *)kp->arg)]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
index 633202a99e4a..583b11a2489c 100644
--- a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
+++ b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
@@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ bool libceph_compatible(void *data)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(libceph_compatible);
 
-static int param_get_supported_features(char *buffer,
+static int param_get_supported_features(struct seq_buf *buffer,
 					const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
-	return sprintf(buffer, "0x%llx", CEPH_FEATURES_SUPPORTED_DEFAULT);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%llx", CEPH_FEATURES_SUPPORTED_DEFAULT);
+	return 0;
 }
 static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_supported_features, NULL,
 			       param_get_supported_features);
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/auth.c b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
index 64a3e894fd4c..5a2b64dcf9e5 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/auth.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
@@ -73,12 +73,14 @@ static int param_set_hashtbl_sz(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
-static int param_get_hashtbl_sz(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_hashtbl_sz(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+				const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	unsigned int nbits;
 
 	nbits = *(unsigned int *)kp->arg;
-	return sprintf(buffer, "%u\n", 1U << nbits);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%u\n", 1U << nbits);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 #define param_check_hashtbl_sz(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svc.c b/net/sunrpc/svc.c
index 576fa42e7abf..26b85077ecc8 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/svc.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/svc.c
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ sunrpc_get_pool_mode(char *buf, size_t size)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sunrpc_get_pool_mode);
 
 static int
-param_get_pool_mode(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+param_get_pool_mode(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	char str[16];
 	int len;
@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ param_get_pool_mode(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	str[len] = '\n';
 	str[len + 1] = '\0';
 
-	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s", str);
+	seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s", str);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 module_param_call(pool_mode, param_set_pool_mode, param_get_pool_mode,
diff --git a/security/apparmor/lsm.c b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
index a6815b4bd0da..748d08c57f60 100644
--- a/security/apparmor/lsm.c
+++ b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
@@ -1797,10 +1797,11 @@ static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 static int param_get_debug(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_audit(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_audit(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			   const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 static int param_set_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
-static int param_get_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
+static int param_get_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
 
 /* Flag values, also controllable via /sys/module/apparmor/parameters
  * We define special types as we want to do additional mediation.
@@ -2050,13 +2051,15 @@ static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_audit(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_audit(struct seq_buf *buffer,
+			   const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (apparmor_initialized && !aa_current_policy_view_capable(NULL))
 		return -EPERM;
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", audit_mode_names[aa_g_audit]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", audit_mode_names[aa_g_audit]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
@@ -2078,13 +2081,14 @@ static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int param_get_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+static int param_get_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	if (!apparmor_enabled)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (apparmor_initialized && !aa_current_policy_view_capable(NULL))
 		return -EPERM;
-	return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", aa_profile_mode_names[aa_g_profile_mode]);
+	seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", aa_profile_mode_names[aa_g_profile_mode]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int param_set_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
-- 
2.34.1



From seanjc at google.com  Thu May 21 06:45:04 2026
From: seanjc at google.com (Sean Christopherson)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:45:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get
 callbacks to seq_buf via cocci
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-9-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org> <20260521133326.2465264-9-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <ag8MYC6pOZvvYHMp@google.com>

On Thu, May 21, 2026, Kees Cook wrote:
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> index 07f4c7209ac0..00317774a90b 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> @@ -368,12 +368,16 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  	return ret;
>  }
>  
> -static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(struct seq_buf *s,
> +				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param)))
> -		return sysfs_emit(s, "???\n");
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param))) {
> +		seq_buf_printf(s, "???\n");
> +		return 0;
> +	}
>  
> -	return sysfs_emit(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
> +	seq_buf_printf(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
> +	return 0;

For this one, can you manually change it to this?

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param)))
		seq_buf_printf(s, "???\n");
	else
		seq_buf_printf(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
	return 0;

>  }
>  
>  /*
> @@ -459,9 +463,11 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  	pr_warn_once("Kernel compiled without mitigations, ignoring vmentry_l1d_flush\n");
>  	return 0;
>  }
> -static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(struct seq_buf *s,
> +				 const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -	return sysfs_emit(s, "never\n");
> +	seq_buf_printf(s, "never\n");
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  #endif


From seanjc at google.com  Thu May 21 06:59:33 2026
From: seanjc at google.com (Sean Christopherson)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:59:33 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops
 initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org> <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <ag8PxTTi5NxT51EW@google.com>

On Thu, May 21, 2026, Kees Cook wrote:
> Using Coccinelle, rewrite every struct kernel_param_ops initializer that
> sets .get into a DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS-family macro invocation,
> for example:
> 
> @@
> declarer name DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS;
> identifier OPS;
> expression SET, GET;
> @@
> - const struct kernel_param_ops OPS = {
> -       .set = SET,
> -       .get = GET,
> - };
> + DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(OPS, SET, GET);

IMO, "OPS, GET, SET" is more intuitive, especially since that's the order used
by DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE and DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE.


From jani.nikula at linux.intel.com  Thu May 21 10:44:37 2026
From: jani.nikula at linux.intel.com (Jani Nikula)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 20:44:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] treewide: Manually convert custom
 kernel_param_ops .get callbacks
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-10-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
 <20260521133326.2465264-10-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <5cd0c8dde3687d0aea765f2f21f5e1cd8ba83028@intel.com>

On Thu, 21 May 2026, Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> index 6061eae84e9c..99cb38f355b6 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> @@ -95,33 +95,37 @@ static int mitigations_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  	return 0;
>  }
>  
> -static int mitigations_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int mitigations_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +			   const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>  	unsigned long local = READ_ONCE(mitigations);
> -	int count, i;
>  	bool enable;
> +	int i;

I'm fine with what you have, and I can do these as a follow-up later if
it's too much trouble, but I suggest something like this:

	const char *sep = "";

>  
> -	if (!local)
> -		return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", "off");
> +	if (!local) {
> +		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", "off");
> +		return 0;
> +	}
>  
>  	if (local & BIT(BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) {
> -		count = scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s,", "auto");
> +		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s,", "auto");

		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s%s", sep, "auto");
		sep = ",";

(In the printf the sep is just for future expansion, though I don't
expect one.)

>  		enable = false;
>  	} else {
>  		enable = true;
> -		count = 0;
>  	}
>  
>  	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(names); i++) {
>  		if ((local & BIT(i)) != enable)
>  			continue;
> -
> -		count += scnprintf(buffer + count, PAGE_SIZE - count,
> -				   "%s%s,", enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);
> +		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s%s,", enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);

		seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s%s%s", sep, enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);
		sep = ",";

>  	}

	seq_buf_puts(buffer, "\n");

>  
> -	buffer[count - 1] = '\n';
> -	return count;
> +	/* Replace the trailing comma with a newline. */
> +	if (!seq_buf_has_overflowed(buffer) && buffer->len > 0 &&
> +	    buffer->buffer[buffer->len - 1] == ',')
> +		buffer->buffer[buffer->len - 1] = '\n';

Drop the above.

I.e. keep track of sep while printing to avoid removing it later.

BR,
Jani.

> +
> +	return 0;
>  }
>  
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ops, mitigations_set, mitigations_get);

-- 
Jani Nikula, Intel


From lkp at intel.com  Thu May 21 17:33:24 2026
From: lkp at intel.com (kernel test robot)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 08:33:24 +0800
Subject: [linux-next:master] BUILD REGRESSION
 550604d6c9b9efc8d068aff94dc301694a7afdee
Message-ID: <202605220843.g8Ikcqqz-lkp@intel.com>

tree/branch: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/next/linux-next.git master
branch HEAD: 550604d6c9b9efc8d068aff94dc301694a7afdee  Add linux-next specific files for 20260521

Error/Warning (recently discovered and may have been fixed):

    https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202605212104.SAIMqegX-lkp at intel.com
    https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202605220247.dQAHslyv-lkp at intel.com
    https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202605220312.Pu7UO05u-lkp at intel.com
    https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202605220631.ugDr2VPb-lkp at intel.com

    /usr/bin/ld: sound/soc/codecs/es9356.o:(.rodata+0x2c30): undefined reference to `sdca_asoc_q78_get_volsw'
    /usr/bin/ld: sound/soc/codecs/es9356.o:(.rodata+0x2c38): undefined reference to `sdca_asoc_q78_put_volsw'
    arch/hexagon/kernel/syscalltab.c:19:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/powerpc/kernel/pci_64.c:226:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c:1850:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/powerpc/kernel/signal_32.c:990:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/powerpc/kernel/signal_64.c:657:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/powerpc/kernel/sys_ppc32.c:70:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/powerpc/kernel/syscalls.c:52:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/riscv/kernel/sys_hwprobe.c:606:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/riscv/kernel/sys_riscv.c:43:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/sparc/kernel/sys_sparc32.c:54:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/sparc/kernel/sys_sparc_64.c:351:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    arch/x86/um/syscalls_64.c:43:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    block/ioprio.c:65:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/../amdkfd/kfd_crat.c:1830:26: error: cannot take the address of an rvalue of type 'int'
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/../amdkfd/kfd_crat.c:1830:27: error: call to undeclared function 'cpu_data'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/../amdkfd/kfd_crat.c:1833:23: error: use of undeclared identifier 'X86_VENDOR_AMD'
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/../amdkfd/kfd_crat.c:1833:7: error: incomplete definition of type 'struct cpuinfo_x86'
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/../amdkfd/kfd_topology.c:2353:41: error: member reference base type 'int' is not a structure or union
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/../amdkfd/kfd_topology.c:2353:9: error: call to undeclared function 'cpu_data'; ISO C99 and later do not support implicit function declarations [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/jpeg_v2_5.c:152:68: warning: '%d' directive output may be truncated writing between 1 and 11 bytes into a region of size 7 [-Wformat-truncation=]
    drivers/gpu/drm/scheduler/tests/tests_scheduler.c:675:10: error: initializer element is not a compile-time constant
    drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-generic.c:130:5: error: redefinition of 'pinctrl_generic_pins_function_dt_node_to_map'
    drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-generic.c:20:5: error: conflicting types for 'pinctrl_generic_to_map'; have 'int(struct pinctrl_dev *, struct device_node *, struct device_node *, struct pinctrl_map **, unsigned int *, unsigned int *, const char **, unsigned int,  const char **, unsigned int *, unsigned int)'
    fs/aio.c:1436:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/d_path.c:413:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/eventfd.c:414:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/eventpoll.c:2200:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/eventpoll.c:2483:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/exec.c:1924:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/exec.c:1925:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/fcntl.c:587:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/fhandle.c:129:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/file.c:818:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/file.c:819:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/file_attr.c:374:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/fsopen.c:120:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/ioctl.c:583:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/locks.c:2214:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/locks.c:2280:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/namei.c:5186:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/namei.c:5197:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/namespace.c:2068:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/namespace.c:2073:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c:720:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/open.c:152:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/pipe.c:1054:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/pipe.c:1055:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/read_write.c:412:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/readdir.c:215:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/readdir.c:304:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/select.c:722:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/select.c:733:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/signalfd.c:299:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/splice.c:1578:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/stat.c:420:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/stat.c:505:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/statfs.c:191:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/sync.c:148:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/timerfd.c:394:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/timerfd.c:424:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/utimes.c:142:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/xattr.c:732:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    fs/xattr.c:735:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    ipc/msg.c:315:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    ipc/sem.c:624:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    ipc/shm.c:847:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    ipc/shm.c:849:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/capability.c:137:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/events/core.c:13844:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/events/core.c:13853:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/exec_domain.c:38:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/exit.c:1082:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/exit.c:1112:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/fork.c:1785:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/fork.c:1808:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/futex/syscalls.c:28:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/groups.c:161:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/kcmp.c:135:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/kexec.c:242:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/module/main.c:804:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/nsproxy.c:569:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/nstree.c:763:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/pid.c:695:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/printk/printk.c:1853:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/ptrace.c:1388:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/ptrace.c:1415:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/reboot.c:728:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/rseq.c:547:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/sched/membarrier.c:634:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/sched/membarrier.c:636:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/sched/syscalls.c:132:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/seccomp.c:2126:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/signal.c:3319:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/sys.c:259:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2381:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2466:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2487:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/itimer.c:113:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/posix-stubs.c:26:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/posix-timers.c:566:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/posix-timers.c:574:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/time.c:105:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/time.c:140:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/time/time.c:62:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    kernel/uid16.c:23:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    ld.lld: error: undefined symbol: sdca_asoc_q78_get_volsw
    ld.lld: error: undefined symbol: sdca_asoc_q78_put_volsw
    mm/fadvise.c:200:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/filemap.c:4713:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/filemap.c:4718:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/madvise.c:2013:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/madvise.c:2029:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/memfd.c:505:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/mincore.c:292:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/mlock.c:665:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/mmap.c:116:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/mprotect.c:985:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/mremap.c:2023:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/msync.c:32:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/oom_kill.c:1195:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/process_vm_access.c:292:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/readahead.c:736:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/readahead.c:760:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/swapfile.c:2903:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    mm/swapfile.c:3124:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    net/socket.c:1818:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    net/socket.c:1833:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    security/keys/compat.c:17:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    security/keys/keyctl.c:74:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    security/landlock/syscalls.c:203:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]
    security/lsm_syscalls.c:57:1: error: unknown warning group '-Wattribute-alias', ignored [-Werror,-Wunknown-warning-option]

Unverified Error/Warning (likely false positive, kindly check if interested):

    Warning: block/blk-map.c:366 Excess function parameter 'op' description in 'bio_copy_kern'
    csky-linux-ld: sound/soc/codecs/es9356.o:(.rodata+0x16c8): undefined reference to `sdca_asoc_q78_get_volsw'
    csky-linux-ld: sound/soc/codecs/es9356.o:(.rodata+0x16cc): undefined reference to `sdca_asoc_q78_put_volsw'
    drivers/android/binder_alloc.c:389:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/auxdisplay/panel.c:1508:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/base/regmap/regmap-debugfs.c:180:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/char/xillybus/xillybus_core.c:425:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/dma/qcom/hidma.c:389:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/dce_v10_0.c:2853:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nvkm/subdev/acr/base.c:357:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nvkm/subdev/iccsense/base.c:295:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/gpu/drm/udl/udl_main.c:260:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_sched_job.c:162:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/greybus/es2.c:1428:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/hwmon/ibmpex.c:433:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/media/i2c/ds90ub960.c:4790:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/mtd/parsers/redboot.c:304:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/mtd/spi-nor/core.c:1645:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/cmd.c:1508:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/scsi/aacraid/commsup.c:1928:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/scsi/aacraid/dpcsup.c:216:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/thunderbolt/stream.c:1388:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/tty/serial/max310x.c:1727:24: error: incompatible pointer types passing 'struct i2c_driver *' to parameter of type 'struct spi_driver *' [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
    drivers/tty/serial/max310x.c:1727:25: error: use of undeclared identifier 'max310x_spi_driver'; did you mean 'max310x_i2c_driver'?
    drivers/tty/serial/max310x.c:1727:32: error: 'max310x_spi_driver' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'max310x_i2c_driver'?
    drivers/tty/serial/max310x.c:1745:25: error: 'max310x_spi_driver' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'max310x_i2c_driver'?
    drivers/tty/serial/max310x.c:1745:32: error: 'max310x_spi_driver' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'max310x_i2c_driver'?
    drivers/usb/host/xhci-mem.c:866:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/usb/misc/usbtest.c:1416:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    drivers/usb/serial/usb_wwan.c:501:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    fs/btrfs/file.c:3288:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    fs/btrfs/inode.c:8975:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    fs/isofs/inode.c:1267:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    fs/nilfs2/recovery.c:397:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    fs/xfs/scrub/bitmap.c:116:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    kernel/bpf/syscall.c:3797:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    kernel/events/core.c:12131:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:2348:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813
    ld.lld: error: call to __compiletime_assert_537 marked "dontcall-error": BUILD_BUG_ON failed: 21 - 1 != HWEIGHT32( (VALID_OPENAT2_FLAGS & ~(O_NONBLOCK | O_NDELAY)) | __FMODE_EXEC)
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec1.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: Trying to use reserved word 'signed' as identifier
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec1.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: two or more data types in declaration specifiers
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec2.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: Trying to use reserved word 'signed' as identifier
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec2.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: two or more data types in declaration specifiers
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec4.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: Trying to use reserved word 'signed' as identifier
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec4.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: two or more data types in declaration specifiers
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec8.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: Trying to use reserved word 'signed' as identifier
    lib/raid/raid6/powerpc/altivec8.c:37:16: sparse: sparse: two or more data types in declaration specifiers
    net/bluetooth/mgmt.c:4400:1: internal compiler error: in final_scan_insn_1, at final.cc:2813

Error/Warning ids grouped by kconfigs:

recent_errors
|-- alpha-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- alpha-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- alpha-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- alpha-randconfig-r052-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arc-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arc-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arc-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm-defconfig
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-aio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-d_path.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventpoll.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-exec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fcntl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fhandle.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file_attr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fsopen.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-ioctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-locks.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namei.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namespace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-notify-inotify-inotify_user.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-open.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-pipe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-read_write.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-readdir.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-select.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-signalfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-splice.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-stat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-statfs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-sync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-timerfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-utimes.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-xattr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-msg.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-sem.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-shm.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-capability.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-events-core.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exec_domain.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exit.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-fork.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-futex-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-groups.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-kcmp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-kexec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-module-main.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nsproxy.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nstree.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-pid.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-printk-printk.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-ptrace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-reboot.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-rseq.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-membarrier.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-seccomp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-signal.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sys.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-hrtimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-itimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-timers.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-time.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-uid16.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-fadvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-filemap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-madvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-memfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mincore.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mlock.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mmap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mprotect.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mremap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-msync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-oom_kill.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-process_vm_access.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-readahead.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-swapfile.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- net-socket.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-keys-keyctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- arm-randconfig-001-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- arm-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm-randconfig-004-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm-randconfig-r062-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-d_path.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventpoll.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-exec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fcntl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file_attr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fsopen.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-ioctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namei.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namespace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-notify-inotify-inotify_user.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-open.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-pipe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-read_write.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-readdir.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-select.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-signalfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-splice.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-stat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-statfs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-sync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-utimes.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-xattr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-msg.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-sem.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-shm.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-capability.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-events-core.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exec_domain.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exit.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-fork.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-futex-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-groups.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-module-main.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nsproxy.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nstree.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-pid.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-printk-printk.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-ptrace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-reboot.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-rseq.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-membarrier.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-signal.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sys.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-hrtimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-itimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-timers.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-time.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-uid16.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-fadvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-filemap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-madvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-memfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mincore.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mlock.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mmap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mprotect.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mremap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-msync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-oom_kill.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-process_vm_access.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-readahead.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- net-socket.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-keys-keyctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- arm64-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm64-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm64-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm64-randconfig-003-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm64-randconfig-004
|   |-- ld.lld:error:undefined-symbol:sdca_asoc_q78_get_volsw
|   `-- ld.lld:error:undefined-symbol:sdca_asoc_q78_put_volsw
|-- arm64-randconfig-004-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- arm64-randconfig-r072-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- csky-allmodconfig
|   `-- drivers-thunderbolt-stream.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|-- csky-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- csky-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- csky-randconfig-001-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- drivers-base-regmap-regmap-debugfs.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-nouveau-nvkm-subdev-acr-base.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-nouveau-nvkm-subdev-iccsense-base.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-udl-udl_main.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-xe-xe_sched_job.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-greybus-es2.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-mtd-parsers-redboot.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-scsi-aacraid-commsup.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-scsi-aacraid-dpcsup.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-usb-host-xhci-mem.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-usb-misc-usbtest.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-usb-serial-usb_wwan.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- fs-btrfs-file.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- fs-btrfs-inode.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- fs-isofs-inode.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- fs-nilfs2-recovery.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   `-- fs-xfs-scrub-bitmap.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|-- csky-randconfig-002-20260521
|   |-- csky-linux-ld:sound-soc-codecs-es9356.o:(.rodata):undefined-reference-to-sdca_asoc_q78_get_volsw
|   |-- csky-linux-ld:sound-soc-codecs-es9356.o:(.rodata):undefined-reference-to-sdca_asoc_q78_put_volsw
|   |-- drivers-android-binder_alloc.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-auxdisplay-panel.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-char-xillybus-xillybus_core.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-hwmon-ibmpex.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-media-i2c-ds90ub960.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-mtd-spi-nor-core.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- kernel-events-core.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   `-- kernel-trace-ring_buffer.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|-- csky-randconfig-r062-20260521
|   |-- drivers-dma-qcom-hidma.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-dce_v10_0.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- drivers-net-ethernet-mellanox-mlx5-core-cmd.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   |-- kernel-bpf-syscall.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|   `-- net-bluetooth-mgmt.c:internal-compiler-error:in-final_scan_insn_1-at-final.cc
|-- hexagon-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- hexagon-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- hexagon-defconfig
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- arch-hexagon-kernel-syscalltab.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- hexagon-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- hexagon-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-003
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-003-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:use-of-undeclared-identifier-max31_spi_driver
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-004
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-005-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-buildonly-randconfig-006-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-003-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-004
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-005
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-006-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-007
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-051-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-052-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-054-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:max31_spi_driver-undeclared-(first-use-in-this-function)
|-- i386-randconfig-062-20260522
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- i386-randconfig-063-20260522
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- loongarch-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- loongarch-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- loongarch-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- loongarch-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- m68k-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- m68k-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- m68k-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- m68k-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- microblaze-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- microblaze-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- microblaze-randconfig-r061-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- mips-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- mips-randconfig-r071-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-stubs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-keys-keyctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- nios2-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- nios2-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- nios2-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- nios2-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- nios2-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- nios2-randconfig-r054-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- openrisc-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- openrisc-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- parisc-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- parisc-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- parisc-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- parisc-randconfig-r073-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- parisc64-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- powerpc-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- powerpc-randconfig-r063-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- powerpc-randconfig-r064-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- powerpc-sam440ep_defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- powerpc64-randconfig-r061-20260522
|   |-- arch-powerpc-kernel-pci_64.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-powerpc-kernel-rtas.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-powerpc-kernel-signal_32.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-powerpc-kernel-signal_64.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-powerpc-kernel-sys_ppc32.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- arch-powerpc-kernel-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- powerpc64-randconfig-r131-20260521
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec1.c:sparse:sparse:Trying-to-use-reserved-word-signed-as-identifier
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec1.c:sparse:sparse:two-or-more-data-types-in-declaration-specifiers
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec2.c:sparse:sparse:Trying-to-use-reserved-word-signed-as-identifier
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec2.c:sparse:sparse:two-or-more-data-types-in-declaration-specifiers
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec4.c:sparse:sparse:Trying-to-use-reserved-word-signed-as-identifier
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec4.c:sparse:sparse:two-or-more-data-types-in-declaration-specifiers
|   |-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec8.c:sparse:sparse:Trying-to-use-reserved-word-signed-as-identifier
|   `-- lib-raid-raid6-powerpc-altivec8.c:sparse:sparse:two-or-more-data-types-in-declaration-specifiers
|-- riscv-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- riscv-allyesconfig
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-gpu-drm-scheduler-tests-tests_scheduler.c:error:initializer-element-is-not-a-compile-time-constant
|-- riscv-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- riscv-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- riscv-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- riscv-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- riscv-randconfig-r131-20260521
|   |-- arch-riscv-kernel-sys_hwprobe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-riscv-kernel-sys_riscv.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- ld.lld:error:call-to-__compiletime_assert_NNN-marked-dontcall-error:BUILD_BUG_ON-failed:HWEIGHT32(-(VALID_OPENAT2_FLAGS-(O_NONBLOCK-O_NDELAY))-__FMODE_EXEC)
|-- s390-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- s390-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- s390-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- s390-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- s390-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- s390-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- s390-randconfig-r064-20260522
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:incompatible-pointer-types-passing-struct-i2c_driver-to-parameter-of-type-struct-spi_driver
|-- sh-allmodconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sh-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc64-allmodconfig
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- arch-sparc-kernel-sys_sparc32.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-sparc-kernel-sys_sparc_64.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-aio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-d_path.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventpoll.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-exec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fcntl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fhandle.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file_attr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fsopen.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-ioctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-locks.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namei.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namespace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-notify-inotify-inotify_user.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-open.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-pipe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-read_write.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-readdir.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-select.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-signalfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-splice.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-stat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-statfs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-sync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-timerfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-utimes.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-xattr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-msg.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-sem.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- ipc-shm.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-capability.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-events-core.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exec_domain.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exit.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-fork.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-futex-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-groups.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-kcmp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-module-main.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nsproxy.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nstree.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-pid.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-printk-printk.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-ptrace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-reboot.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-membarrier.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-seccomp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-signal.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sys.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-hrtimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-itimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-timers.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-time.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-uid16.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-fadvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-filemap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-madvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-memfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mincore.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mlock.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mmap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mprotect.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mremap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-msync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-oom_kill.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-process_vm_access.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-readahead.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-swapfile.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- net-socket.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- security-keys-compat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- security-landlock-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-lsm_syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- sparc64-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc64-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- sparc64-randconfig-001-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:max31_spi_driver-undeclared-(first-use-in-this-function)
|-- sparc64-randconfig-002
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- arch-sparc-kernel-sys_sparc32.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- arch-sparc-kernel-sys_sparc_64.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-aio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-d_path.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventpoll.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-exec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fcntl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fhandle.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file_attr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fsopen.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-ioctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-locks.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namei.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namespace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-notify-inotify-inotify_user.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-open.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-pipe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-read_write.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-readdir.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-select.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-signalfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-splice.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-stat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-statfs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-sync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-timerfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-utimes.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-xattr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-capability.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-events-core.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exec_domain.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exit.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-fork.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-futex-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-groups.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-kcmp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nsproxy.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nstree.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-pid.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-printk-printk.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-ptrace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-reboot.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-membarrier.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-seccomp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-signal.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sys.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-hrtimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-itimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-timers.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-time.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-uid16.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-fadvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-filemap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-madvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mincore.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mlock.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mmap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mprotect.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mremap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-msync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-oom_kill.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-process_vm_access.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-readahead.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- net-socket.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- security-keys-compat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- security-keys-keyctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-lsm_syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- sparc64-randconfig-002-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:max31_spi_driver-undeclared-(first-use-in-this-function)
|-- um-allmodconfig
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-..-amdkfd-kfd_crat.c:error:call-to-undeclared-function-cpu_data-ISO-C99-and-later-do-not-support-implicit-function-declarations
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-..-amdkfd-kfd_crat.c:error:cannot-take-the-address-of-an-rvalue-of-type-int
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-..-amdkfd-kfd_crat.c:error:incomplete-definition-of-type-struct-cpuinfo_x86
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-..-amdkfd-kfd_crat.c:error:use-of-undeclared-identifier-X86_VENDOR_AMD
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-..-amdkfd-kfd_topology.c:error:call-to-undeclared-function-cpu_data-ISO-C99-and-later-do-not-support-implicit-function-declarations
|   `-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-..-amdkfd-kfd_topology.c:error:member-reference-base-type-int-is-not-a-structure-or-union
|-- um-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- um-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- um-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- um-i386_defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- um-randconfig-001
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-d_path.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventpoll.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-exec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fcntl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fhandle.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file_attr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fsopen.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-ioctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namei.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namespace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-open.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-pipe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-read_write.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-readdir.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-select.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-splice.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-stat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-statfs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-sync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-timerfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-utimes.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-xattr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exec_domain.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exit.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-fork.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-kcmp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nsproxy.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nstree.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-pid.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-printk-printk.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-ptrace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-reboot.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-signal.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sys.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-hrtimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-stubs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-time.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mincore.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mlock.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mmap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mprotect.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mremap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-msync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-oom_kill.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-process_vm_access.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-readahead.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- net-socket.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-keys-keyctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- um-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- um-randconfig-002
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- arch-x86-um-syscalls_64.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- block-ioprio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-aio.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-d_path.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-eventpoll.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-exec.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fcntl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fhandle.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-file_attr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-fsopen.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-ioctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-locks.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namei.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-namespace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-notify-inotify-inotify_user.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-open.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-pipe.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-read_write.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-readdir.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-select.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-signalfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-splice.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-stat.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-statfs.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-sync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-timerfd.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-utimes.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- fs-xattr.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-capability.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exec_domain.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-exit.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-fork.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-futex-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-groups.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-module-main.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nsproxy.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-nstree.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-pid.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-printk-printk.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-ptrace.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-reboot.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-membarrier.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sched-syscalls.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-seccomp.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-signal.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-sys.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-hrtimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-itimer.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-posix-timers.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-time-time.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- kernel-uid16.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-fadvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-filemap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-madvise.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mincore.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mlock.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mmap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mprotect.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-mremap.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-msync.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-oom_kill.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-process_vm_access.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-readahead.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   |-- mm-swapfile.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|   `-- security-keys-keyctl.c:error:unknown-warning-group-Wattribute-alias-ignored-Werror-Wunknown-warning-option
|-- um-randconfig-002-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:max31_spi_driver-undeclared-(first-use-in-this-function)
|   |-- usr-bin-ld:sound-soc-codecs-es9356.o:(.rodata):undefined-reference-to-sdca_asoc_q78_get_volsw
|   `-- usr-bin-ld:sound-soc-codecs-es9356.o:(.rodata):undefined-reference-to-sdca_asoc_q78_put_volsw
|-- um-randconfig-r053-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- um-x86_64_defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-buildonly-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-buildonly-randconfig-003-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-buildonly-randconfig-004-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   |-- drivers-gpu-drm-amd-amdgpu-jpeg_v2_5.c:warning:d-directive-output-may-be-truncated-writing-between-and-bytes-into-a-region-of-size
|   |-- drivers-pinctrl-pinctrl-generic.c:error:conflicting-types-for-pinctrl_generic_to_map-have-int(struct-pinctrl_dev-struct-device_node-struct-device_node-struct-pinctrl_map-unsigned-int-unsigned-int-cons
|   |-- drivers-pinctrl-pinctrl-generic.c:error:redefinition-of-pinctrl_generic_pins_function_dt_node_to_map
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:max31_spi_driver-undeclared-(first-use-in-this-function)
|-- x86_64-buildonly-randconfig-005-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-defconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-kexec
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-001-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-002-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-004-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-006-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-011-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-012-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-013-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-014-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-015-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-016-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-071
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-071-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-pinctrl-pinctrl-generic.c:error:redefinition-of-pinctrl_generic_pins_function_dt_node_to_map
|-- x86_64-randconfig-072
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-072-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-073-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-074
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-074-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-075
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-076
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-076-20260521
|   `-- drivers-pinctrl-pinctrl-generic.c:error:redefinition-of-pinctrl_generic_pins_function_dt_node_to_map
|-- x86_64-randconfig-101
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-101-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-102
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-102-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-103
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-104
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-104-20260521
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-121-20260522
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-122-20260522
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-randconfig-123-20260522
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-pinctrl-pinctrl-generic.c:error:redefinition-of-pinctrl_generic_pins_function_dt_node_to_map
|-- x86_64-randconfig-161
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-rhel-9.4
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-rhel-9.4-bpf
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-rhel-9.4-func
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-rhel-9.4-kselftests
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-rhel-9.4-kunit
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- x86_64-rhel-9.4-ltp
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- xtensa-allnoconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- xtensa-allyesconfig
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- xtensa-randconfig-001
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|-- xtensa-randconfig-001-20260521
|   |-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
|   `-- drivers-tty-serial-max31.c:error:max31_spi_driver-undeclared-(first-use-in-this-function)
|-- xtensa-randconfig-002
|   `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern
`-- xtensa-randconfig-002-20260521
    `-- Warning:block-blk-map.c-Excess-function-parameter-op-description-in-bio_copy_kern

elapsed time: 724m

configs tested: 282
configs skipped: 11

tested configs:
alpha                             allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
alpha                            allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
alpha                               defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arc                              allmodconfig    clang-16
arc                              allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arc                               allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arc                              allyesconfig    clang-23
arc                              allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arc                                 defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arc                            randconfig-001    gcc-8.5.0
arc                   randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-13.4.0
arc                   randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arc                            randconfig-002    gcc-8.5.0
arc                   randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-12.5.0
arc                   randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm                               allnoconfig    clang-23
arm                               allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arm                              allyesconfig    clang-16
arm                              allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arm                                 defconfig    clang-23
arm                                 defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arm                            randconfig-001    gcc-8.5.0
arm                   randconfig-001-20260521    clang-23
arm                   randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm                            randconfig-002    gcc-11.5.0
arm                   randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-12.5.0
arm                   randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm                            randconfig-003    clang-20
arm                   randconfig-003-20260521    gcc-13.4.0
arm                   randconfig-003-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm                            randconfig-004    gcc-14.3.0
arm                   randconfig-004-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm64                            allmodconfig    clang-19
arm64                            allmodconfig    clang-23
arm64                             allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arm64                               defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
arm64                 randconfig-001-20260521    clang-23
arm64                 randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm64                 randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm64                 randconfig-003-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
arm64                 randconfig-004-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
csky                             allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
csky                              allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
csky                                defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
csky                  randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
csky                  randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
csky                  randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
csky                  randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
hexagon                          allmodconfig    clang-17
hexagon                          allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
hexagon                           allnoconfig    clang-23
hexagon                           allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
hexagon                             defconfig    clang-23
hexagon                             defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
hexagon                        randconfig-001    gcc-11.5.0
hexagon               randconfig-001-20260521    clang-23
hexagon               randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
hexagon                        randconfig-002    gcc-11.5.0
hexagon               randconfig-002-20260521    clang-23
hexagon               randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
i386                             allmodconfig    clang-20
i386                             allmodconfig    gcc-14
i386                              allnoconfig    gcc-14
i386                              allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
i386                             allyesconfig    clang-20
i386                             allyesconfig    gcc-14
i386                 buildonly-randconfig-001    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-001-20260521    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-001-20260522    clang-20
i386                 buildonly-randconfig-002    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-002-20260521    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-002-20260522    gcc-14
i386                 buildonly-randconfig-003    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-003-20260521    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-003-20260522    clang-20
i386                 buildonly-randconfig-004    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-004-20260521    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-004-20260522    gcc-14
i386                 buildonly-randconfig-005    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-005-20260521    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-005-20260522    clang-20
i386                 buildonly-randconfig-006    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-006-20260521    clang-20
i386        buildonly-randconfig-006-20260522    gcc-13
i386                                defconfig    clang-20
i386                                defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
i386                  randconfig-001-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-14
i386                  randconfig-003-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-004-20260521    gcc-14
i386                  randconfig-005-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-006-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-007-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-011-20260521    gcc-14
i386                  randconfig-012-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-013-20260521    gcc-13
i386                  randconfig-014-20260521    gcc-14
i386                  randconfig-015-20260521    gcc-14
i386                  randconfig-016-20260521    clang-20
i386                  randconfig-017-20260521    clang-20
loongarch                        allmodconfig    clang-19
loongarch                        allmodconfig    clang-23
loongarch                         allnoconfig    clang-23
loongarch                         allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
loongarch                           defconfig    clang-19
loongarch                      randconfig-001    gcc-11.5.0
loongarch             randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
loongarch             randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-12.5.0
loongarch                      randconfig-002    gcc-11.5.0
loongarch             randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
loongarch             randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
m68k                             allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
m68k                              allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
m68k                             allyesconfig    clang-16
m68k                             allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
m68k                                defconfig    clang-19
m68k                                defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
microblaze                        allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
microblaze                       allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
microblaze                          defconfig    clang-19
microblaze                          defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
mips                             allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
mips                              allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
mips                             allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
nios2                            allmodconfig    clang-23
nios2                            allmodconfig    gcc-11.5.0
nios2                             allnoconfig    clang-23
nios2                             allnoconfig    gcc-11.5.0
nios2                               defconfig    clang-19
nios2                               defconfig    gcc-11.5.0
nios2                          randconfig-001    gcc-11.5.0
nios2                 randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
nios2                          randconfig-002    gcc-11.5.0
nios2                 randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
openrisc                         allmodconfig    clang-23
openrisc                         allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
openrisc                          allnoconfig    clang-23
openrisc                          allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
openrisc                            defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
parisc                           allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
parisc                            allnoconfig    clang-23
parisc                            allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
parisc                           allyesconfig    clang-19
parisc                           allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
parisc                              defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
parisc                randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-12.5.0
parisc                randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
parisc64                            defconfig    clang-19
parisc64                            defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
powerpc                          allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
powerpc                           allnoconfig    clang-23
powerpc                           allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
powerpc               randconfig-001-20260521    clang-23
powerpc               randconfig-002-20260521    clang-17
powerpc                    sam440ep_defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
powerpc64             randconfig-001-20260521    clang-23
powerpc64             randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-12.5.0
riscv                            allmodconfig    clang-23
riscv                             allnoconfig    clang-23
riscv                             allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
riscv                            allyesconfig    clang-16
riscv                               defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
riscv                          randconfig-001    gcc-15.2.0
riscv                 randconfig-001-20260521    clang-23
riscv                 randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
riscv                          randconfig-002    gcc-15.2.0
riscv                 randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-13.4.0
riscv                 randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
s390                             allmodconfig    clang-18
s390                             allmodconfig    clang-19
s390                              allnoconfig    clang-23
s390                             allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
s390                                defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
s390                           randconfig-001    gcc-15.2.0
s390                  randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
s390                  randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
s390                           randconfig-002    gcc-15.2.0
s390                  randconfig-002-20260521    clang-17
s390                  randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
sh                               allmodconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sh                                allnoconfig    clang-23
sh                                allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sh                               allyesconfig    clang-19
sh                               allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sh                                  defconfig    gcc-14
sh                                  defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sh                             randconfig-001    gcc-15.2.0
sh                    randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
sh                             randconfig-002    gcc-15.2.0
sh                    randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-12.5.0
sh                    randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-15.2.0
sh                          rsk7264_defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sparc                             allnoconfig    clang-23
sparc                             allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sparc                               defconfig    gcc-15.2.0
sparc                          randconfig-001    gcc-8.5.0
sparc                 randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
sparc                          randconfig-002    gcc-8.5.0
sparc                 randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
sparc64                          allmodconfig    clang-23
sparc64                             defconfig    clang-20
sparc64                             defconfig    gcc-14
sparc64                        randconfig-001    gcc-8.5.0
sparc64               randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
sparc64                        randconfig-002    gcc-8.5.0
sparc64               randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
um                               allmodconfig    clang-19
um                                allnoconfig    clang-23
um                               allyesconfig    gcc-14
um                               allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
um                                  defconfig    clang-23
um                                  defconfig    gcc-14
um                             i386_defconfig    gcc-14
um                             randconfig-001    gcc-8.5.0
um                    randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-14
um                    randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
um                             randconfig-002    gcc-8.5.0
um                    randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-14
um                    randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
um                           x86_64_defconfig    clang-23
um                           x86_64_defconfig    gcc-14
x86_64                           allmodconfig    clang-20
x86_64                            allnoconfig    clang-20
x86_64                            allnoconfig    clang-23
x86_64                           allyesconfig    clang-20
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-001-20260521    clang-20
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-12
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-002-20260521    clang-20
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-003-20260521    clang-20
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-004-20260521    clang-20
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-004-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-005-20260521    clang-20
x86_64      buildonly-randconfig-006-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                              defconfig    gcc-14
x86_64                                  kexec    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-001-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-002-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-003-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-003-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-004-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-005-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-006-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-011-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-011-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-012-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-012-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-013-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-013-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-014-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-014-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-015-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-015-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-016-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                         randconfig-071    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-071-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                         randconfig-072    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-072-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                         randconfig-073    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-073-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                         randconfig-074    gcc-14
x86_64                randconfig-074-20260521    gcc-14
x86_64                         randconfig-075    gcc-13
x86_64                randconfig-075-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                         randconfig-076    clang-20
x86_64                randconfig-076-20260521    clang-20
x86_64                               rhel-9.4    clang-20
x86_64                           rhel-9.4-bpf    gcc-14
x86_64                          rhel-9.4-func    clang-20
x86_64                    rhel-9.4-kselftests    clang-20
x86_64                         rhel-9.4-kunit    gcc-14
x86_64                           rhel-9.4-ltp    gcc-14
x86_64                          rhel-9.4-rust    clang-20
xtensa                            allnoconfig    clang-23
xtensa                            allnoconfig    gcc-15.2.0
xtensa                           allyesconfig    clang-23
xtensa                           allyesconfig    gcc-15.2.0
xtensa                         randconfig-001    gcc-8.5.0
xtensa                randconfig-001-20260521    gcc-8.5.0
xtensa                         randconfig-002    gcc-8.5.0
xtensa                randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-11.5.0
xtensa                randconfig-002-20260521    gcc-8.5.0

--
0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki


From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:51 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 0/8] x86-32 CPU configuration cleanups
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

Hi Ingo,

Here are some follow-ups to your x86-32 CPU level changes based on
patches I did last year but rebased onto current linux-next.

The first four just drop code that is no longer relevant now that ?lan
is gone and all CPUs support both TSC and CX8.

The other four patches change the CPU configuration to be more like
x86-64 and other architectures where all kernels are expected to be
generic by default.  I did keep the distinction between i586 and i686
class, but everything else is now just an optimization, building e.g. for
CONFIG_MATOM will still run on all other i686 class CPUs, and picking
any i586-class option will work on everything.

      Arnd

Arnd Bergmann (8):
  x86: remove ts5500 platforms support
  x86: remove AMD ?lan remnants
  x86: make TSC usage unconditional
  x86: make CX8 usage unconditional
  x86: remove dependencies on CONFIG_M... CPU options
  x86: require minimum 64 byte cache lines
  x86: remove dependencies on per-CPU options
  x86: simplify 32-bit instruction set selection

 .../ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500         |  54 ---
 Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst    |   1 -
 MAINTAINERS                                   |   5 -
 arch/um/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h          |   4 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig                              |  10 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu                          |  41 +--
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures                  |  15 +-
 arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu                      |  16 +-
 arch/x86/events/msr.c                         |   5 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h         |   4 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_32.h            |  15 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h                 |   4 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/cmpxchg_32.h             |  76 +---
 arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h               |  10 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h                 |  14 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h                 |   6 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h                  |   3 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h            |   8 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h                    |  13 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/vermagic.h               |  36 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile                      |   4 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c                   |  23 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c                |  22 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c                     |  20 -
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c                 |   2 -
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                  |   4 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c                    |  15 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c                       |   3 -
 arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c                         |  30 +-
 arch/x86/lib/Makefile                         |   4 -
 arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S                | 195 ----------
 arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S                  |  97 -----
 arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c                          |  20 +-
 arch/x86/platform/Makefile                    |   1 -
 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile             |   2 -
 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c             | 341 ------------------
 arch/x86/um/Kconfig                           |   2 +-
 arch/x86/um/Makefile                          |   3 +-
 arch/x86/xen/Kconfig                          |   3 +-
 arch/x86/xen/time.c                           |   2 -
 drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig                      |   2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c      |   4 +-
 drivers/ptp/Kconfig                           |   2 +-
 lib/atomic64_test.c                           |   7 +-
 tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile    |   5 +-
 45 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 1078 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c

-- 
2.39.5

Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard at nod.at>
Cc: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes at sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx at kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo at redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp at alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen at linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa at zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz at infradead.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will at kernel.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun at kernel.org>
Cc: Gary Guo <gary at garyguo.net>
Cc: Yury Norov <yury.norov at gmail.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux at rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky at oracle.com>
Cc: Alexander Usyskin <alexander.usyskin at intel.com>
Cc: Tony Nguyen <anthony.l.nguyen at intel.com>
Cc: Przemek Kitszel <przemyslaw.kitszel at intel.com>
Cc: x86 at kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel at vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-um at lists.infradead.org


From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:52 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] x86: remove ts5500 platforms support
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-2-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

Support for ?lan was removed in 7.1, but the ts5500 platform
still depends on it. Remove this one as well, not that it
cannot be used any more.

Cc: "Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 .../ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500         |  54 ---
 MAINTAINERS                                   |   5 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig                              |   9 -
 arch/x86/platform/Makefile                    |   1 -
 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile             |   2 -
 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c             | 341 ------------------
 6 files changed, 412 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c

diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500
deleted file mode 100644
index e685957caa12..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/adc
-Date:		January 2013
-KernelVersion:	3.7
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Indicates the presence of an A/D Converter. If it is present,
-		it will display "1", otherwise "0".
-
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/ereset
-Date:		January 2013
-KernelVersion:	3.7
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Indicates the presence of an external reset. If it is present,
-		it will display "1", otherwise "0".
-
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/id
-Date:		January 2013
-KernelVersion:	3.7
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Product ID of the TS board. TS-5500 ID is 0x60.
-
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/jumpers
-Date:		January 2013
-KernelVersion:	3.7
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Bitfield showing the jumpers' state. If a jumper is present,
-		the corresponding bit is set. For instance, 0x0e means jumpers
-		2, 3 and 4 are set.
-
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/name
-Date:		July 2014
-KernelVersion:	3.16
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Model name of the TS board, e.g. "TS-5500".
-
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/rs485
-Date:		January 2013
-KernelVersion:	3.7
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Indicates the presence of the RS485 option. If it is present,
-		it will display "1", otherwise "0".
-
-What:		/sys/devices/platform/ts5500/sram
-Date:		January 2013
-KernelVersion:	3.7
-Contact:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-Description:
-		Indicates the presence of the SRAM option. If it is present,
-		it will display "1", otherwise "0".
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index e706b468a53f..dd3fceaa78d6 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -26402,11 +26402,6 @@ S:	Maintained
 F:	Documentation/process/contribution-maturity-model.rst
 F:	Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst
 
-TECHNOLOGIC SYSTEMS TS-5500 PLATFORM SUPPORT
-M:	"Savoir-faire Linux Inc." <kernel at savoirfairelinux.com>
-S:	Maintained
-F:	arch/x86/platform/ts5500/
-
 TECHNOTREND USB IR RECEIVER
 M:	Sean Young <sean at mess.org>
 L:	linux-media at vger.kernel.org
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index f24810015234..a188ed90b1ca 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -3056,15 +3056,6 @@ config GEOS
 	help
 	  This option enables system support for the Traverse Technologies GEOS.
 
-config TS5500
-	bool "Technologic Systems TS-5500 platform support"
-	depends on MELAN
-	select CHECK_SIGNATURE
-	select NEW_LEDS
-	select LEDS_CLASS
-	help
-	  This option enables system support for the Technologic Systems TS-5500.
-
 endif # X86_32
 
 config AMD_NB
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/Makefile b/arch/x86/platform/Makefile
index 3ed03a2552d0..727b92d0ca25 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/Makefile
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ obj-y	+= intel-mid/
 obj-y	+= intel-quark/
 obj-y	+= olpc/
 obj-y	+= scx200/
-obj-y	+= ts5500/
 obj-y	+= uv/
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile b/arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 910fe9e3ffb4..000000000000
--- a/arch/x86/platform/ts5500/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-obj-$(CONFIG_TS5500)	+= ts5500.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c b/arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b67da056fd9..000000000000
--- a/arch/x86/platform/ts5500/ts5500.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-/*
- * Technologic Systems TS-5500 Single Board Computer support
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2013-2014 Savoir-faire Linux Inc.
- *	Vivien Didelot <vivien.didelot at savoirfairelinux.com>
- *
- * This driver registers the Technologic Systems TS-5500 Single Board Computer
- * (SBC) and its devices, and exposes information to userspace such as jumpers'
- * state or available options. For further information about sysfs entries, see
- * Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-ts5500.
- *
- * This code may be extended to support similar x86-based platforms.
- * Actually, the TS-5500 and TS-5400 are supported.
- */
-
-#include <linux/delay.h>
-#include <linux/io.h>
-#include <linux/kernel.h>
-#include <linux/leds.h>
-#include <linux/init.h>
-#include <linux/platform_data/max197.h>
-#include <linux/platform_device.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
-
-/* Product code register */
-#define TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE_ADDR	0x74
-#define TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE		0x60	/* TS-5500 product code */
-#define TS5400_PRODUCT_CODE		0x40	/* TS-5400 product code */
-
-/* SRAM/RS-485/ADC options, and RS-485 RTS/Automatic RS-485 flags register */
-#define TS5500_SRAM_RS485_ADC_ADDR	0x75
-#define TS5500_SRAM			BIT(0)	/* SRAM option */
-#define TS5500_RS485			BIT(1)	/* RS-485 option */
-#define TS5500_ADC			BIT(2)	/* A/D converter option */
-#define TS5500_RS485_RTS		BIT(6)	/* RTS for RS-485 */
-#define TS5500_RS485_AUTO		BIT(7)	/* Automatic RS-485 */
-
-/* External Reset/Industrial Temperature Range options register */
-#define TS5500_ERESET_ITR_ADDR		0x76
-#define TS5500_ERESET			BIT(0)	/* External Reset option */
-#define TS5500_ITR			BIT(1)	/* Indust. Temp. Range option */
-
-/* LED/Jumpers register */
-#define TS5500_LED_JP_ADDR		0x77
-#define TS5500_LED			BIT(0)	/* LED flag */
-#define TS5500_JP1			BIT(1)	/* Automatic CMOS */
-#define TS5500_JP2			BIT(2)	/* Enable Serial Console */
-#define TS5500_JP3			BIT(3)	/* Write Enable Drive A */
-#define TS5500_JP4			BIT(4)	/* Fast Console (115K baud) */
-#define TS5500_JP5			BIT(5)	/* User Jumper */
-#define TS5500_JP6			BIT(6)	/* Console on COM1 (req. JP2) */
-#define TS5500_JP7			BIT(7)	/* Undocumented (Unused) */
-
-/* A/D Converter registers */
-#define TS5500_ADC_CONV_BUSY_ADDR	0x195	/* Conversion state register */
-#define TS5500_ADC_CONV_BUSY		BIT(0)
-#define TS5500_ADC_CONV_INIT_LSB_ADDR	0x196	/* Start conv. / LSB register */
-#define TS5500_ADC_CONV_MSB_ADDR	0x197	/* MSB register */
-#define TS5500_ADC_CONV_DELAY		12	/* usec */
-
-/**
- * struct ts5500_sbc - TS-5500 board description
- * @name:	Board model name.
- * @id:		Board product ID.
- * @sram:	Flag for SRAM option.
- * @rs485:	Flag for RS-485 option.
- * @adc:	Flag for Analog/Digital converter option.
- * @ereset:	Flag for External Reset option.
- * @itr:	Flag for Industrial Temperature Range option.
- * @jumpers:	Bitfield for jumpers' state.
- */
-struct ts5500_sbc {
-	const char *name;
-	int	id;
-	bool	sram;
-	bool	rs485;
-	bool	adc;
-	bool	ereset;
-	bool	itr;
-	u8	jumpers;
-};
-
-/* Board signatures in BIOS shadow RAM */
-static const struct {
-	const char * const string;
-	const ssize_t offset;
-} ts5500_signatures[] __initconst = {
-	{ "TS-5x00 AMD Elan", 0xb14 },
-};
-
-static int __init ts5500_check_signature(void)
-{
-	void __iomem *bios;
-	int i, ret = -ENODEV;
-
-	bios = ioremap(0xf0000, 0x10000);
-	if (!bios)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ts5500_signatures); i++) {
-		if (check_signature(bios + ts5500_signatures[i].offset,
-				    ts5500_signatures[i].string,
-				    strlen(ts5500_signatures[i].string))) {
-			ret = 0;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	iounmap(bios);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int __init ts5500_detect_config(struct ts5500_sbc *sbc)
-{
-	u8 tmp;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	if (!request_region(TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE_ADDR, 4, "ts5500"))
-		return -EBUSY;
-
-	sbc->id = inb(TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE_ADDR);
-	if (sbc->id == TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE) {
-		sbc->name = "TS-5500";
-	} else if (sbc->id == TS5400_PRODUCT_CODE) {
-		sbc->name = "TS-5400";
-	} else {
-		pr_err("ts5500: unknown product code 0x%x\n", sbc->id);
-		ret = -ENODEV;
-		goto cleanup;
-	}
-
-	tmp = inb(TS5500_SRAM_RS485_ADC_ADDR);
-	sbc->sram = tmp & TS5500_SRAM;
-	sbc->rs485 = tmp & TS5500_RS485;
-	sbc->adc = tmp & TS5500_ADC;
-
-	tmp = inb(TS5500_ERESET_ITR_ADDR);
-	sbc->ereset = tmp & TS5500_ERESET;
-	sbc->itr = tmp & TS5500_ITR;
-
-	tmp = inb(TS5500_LED_JP_ADDR);
-	sbc->jumpers = tmp & ~TS5500_LED;
-
-cleanup:
-	release_region(TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE_ADDR, 4);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static ssize_t name_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-		char *buf)
-{
-	struct ts5500_sbc *sbc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
-
-	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", sbc->name);
-}
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(name);
-
-static ssize_t id_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-		char *buf)
-{
-	struct ts5500_sbc *sbc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
-
-	return sprintf(buf, "0x%.2x\n", sbc->id);
-}
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(id);
-
-static ssize_t jumpers_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-		char *buf)
-{
-	struct ts5500_sbc *sbc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
-
-	return sprintf(buf, "0x%.2x\n", sbc->jumpers >> 1);
-}
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(jumpers);
-
-#define TS5500_ATTR_BOOL(_field)					\
-	static ssize_t _field##_show(struct device *dev,		\
-			struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)	\
-	{								\
-		struct ts5500_sbc *sbc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);		\
-									\
-		return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", sbc->_field);		\
-	}								\
-	static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(_field)
-
-TS5500_ATTR_BOOL(sram);
-TS5500_ATTR_BOOL(rs485);
-TS5500_ATTR_BOOL(adc);
-TS5500_ATTR_BOOL(ereset);
-TS5500_ATTR_BOOL(itr);
-
-static struct attribute *ts5500_attributes[] = {
-	&dev_attr_id.attr,
-	&dev_attr_name.attr,
-	&dev_attr_jumpers.attr,
-	&dev_attr_sram.attr,
-	&dev_attr_rs485.attr,
-	&dev_attr_adc.attr,
-	&dev_attr_ereset.attr,
-	&dev_attr_itr.attr,
-	NULL
-};
-
-static const struct attribute_group ts5500_attr_group = {
-	.attrs = ts5500_attributes,
-};
-
-static struct resource ts5500_dio1_resource[] = {
-	DEFINE_RES_IRQ_NAMED(7, "DIO1 interrupt"),
-};
-
-static struct platform_device ts5500_dio1_pdev = {
-	.name = "ts5500-dio1",
-	.id = -1,
-	.resource = ts5500_dio1_resource,
-	.num_resources = 1,
-};
-
-static struct resource ts5500_dio2_resource[] = {
-	DEFINE_RES_IRQ_NAMED(6, "DIO2 interrupt"),
-};
-
-static struct platform_device ts5500_dio2_pdev = {
-	.name = "ts5500-dio2",
-	.id = -1,
-	.resource = ts5500_dio2_resource,
-	.num_resources = 1,
-};
-
-static void ts5500_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
-			   enum led_brightness brightness)
-{
-	outb(!!brightness, TS5500_LED_JP_ADDR);
-}
-
-static enum led_brightness ts5500_led_get(struct led_classdev *led_cdev)
-{
-	return (inb(TS5500_LED_JP_ADDR) & TS5500_LED) ? LED_FULL : LED_OFF;
-}
-
-static struct led_classdev ts5500_led_cdev = {
-	.name = "ts5500:green:",
-	.brightness_set = ts5500_led_set,
-	.brightness_get = ts5500_led_get,
-};
-
-static int ts5500_adc_convert(u8 ctrl)
-{
-	u8 lsb, msb;
-
-	/* Start conversion (ensure the 3 MSB are set to 0) */
-	outb(ctrl & 0x1f, TS5500_ADC_CONV_INIT_LSB_ADDR);
-
-	/*
-	 * The platform has CPLD logic driving the A/D converter.
-	 * The conversion must complete within 11 microseconds,
-	 * otherwise we have to re-initiate a conversion.
-	 */
-	udelay(TS5500_ADC_CONV_DELAY);
-	if (inb(TS5500_ADC_CONV_BUSY_ADDR) & TS5500_ADC_CONV_BUSY)
-		return -EBUSY;
-
-	/* Read the raw data */
-	lsb = inb(TS5500_ADC_CONV_INIT_LSB_ADDR);
-	msb = inb(TS5500_ADC_CONV_MSB_ADDR);
-
-	return (msb << 8) | lsb;
-}
-
-static struct max197_platform_data ts5500_adc_pdata = {
-	.convert = ts5500_adc_convert,
-};
-
-static struct platform_device ts5500_adc_pdev = {
-	.name = "max197",
-	.id = -1,
-	.dev = {
-		.platform_data = &ts5500_adc_pdata,
-	},
-};
-
-static int __init ts5500_init(void)
-{
-	struct platform_device *pdev;
-	struct ts5500_sbc *sbc;
-	int err;
-
-	/*
-	 * There is no DMI available or PCI bridge subvendor info,
-	 * only the BIOS provides a 16-bit identification call.
-	 * It is safer to find a signature in the BIOS shadow RAM.
-	 */
-	err = ts5500_check_signature();
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
-	pdev = platform_device_register_simple("ts5500", -1, NULL, 0);
-	if (IS_ERR(pdev))
-		return PTR_ERR(pdev);
-
-	sbc = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct ts5500_sbc), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!sbc) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
-		goto error;
-	}
-
-	err = ts5500_detect_config(sbc);
-	if (err)
-		goto error;
-
-	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, sbc);
-
-	err = sysfs_create_group(&pdev->dev.kobj, &ts5500_attr_group);
-	if (err)
-		goto error;
-
-	if (sbc->id == TS5500_PRODUCT_CODE) {
-		ts5500_dio1_pdev.dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
-		if (platform_device_register(&ts5500_dio1_pdev))
-			dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "DIO1 block registration failed\n");
-		ts5500_dio2_pdev.dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
-		if (platform_device_register(&ts5500_dio2_pdev))
-			dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "DIO2 block registration failed\n");
-	}
-
-	if (led_classdev_register(&pdev->dev, &ts5500_led_cdev))
-		dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "LED registration failed\n");
-
-	if (sbc->adc) {
-		ts5500_adc_pdev.dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
-		if (platform_device_register(&ts5500_adc_pdev))
-			dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "ADC registration failed\n");
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-error:
-	platform_device_unregister(pdev);
-	return err;
-}
-device_initcall(ts5500_init);
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:53 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] =?UTF-8?q?x86:=20remove=20AMD=20=C3=89lan=20remnants?=
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-3-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

There is one more leftover line in Kconfig and the detection for
AMD Generation 4 CPUs (5k86 and ?lan) that can now get removed
following the increase of the minimum CPU level to 586TSC.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu      |  1 -
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c | 20 --------------------
 2 files changed, 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
index 1377edd9a997..f4a12b74bed3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ choice
 	  - "Athlon" for the AMD K7 family (Athlon/Duron/Thunderbird).
 	  - "Crusoe" for the Transmeta Crusoe series.
 	  - "Efficeon" for the Transmeta Efficeon series.
-	  - "AMD Elan" for the 32-bit AMD Elan embedded CPU.
 	  - "GeodeGX1" for Geode GX1 (Cyrix MediaGX).
 	  - "Geode GX/LX" For AMD Geode GX and LX processors.
 	  - "CyrixIII/VIA C3" for VIA Cyrix III or VIA C3.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
index 62f74a7f2f8d..b04e1f6fe430 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c
@@ -91,25 +91,6 @@ __asm__(".text\n"
 	"vide: ret\n");
 #endif
 
-static void init_amd_k5(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
-/*
- * General Systems BIOSen alias the cpu frequency registers
- * of the Elan at 0x000df000. Unfortunately, one of the Linux
- * drivers subsequently pokes it, and changes the CPU speed.
- * Workaround : Remove the unneeded alias.
- */
-#define CBAR		(0xfffc) /* Configuration Base Address  (32-bit) */
-#define CBAR_ENB	(0x80000000)
-#define CBAR_KEY	(0X000000CB)
-	if (c->x86_model == 9 || c->x86_model == 10) {
-		if (inl(CBAR) & CBAR_ENB)
-			outl(0 | CBAR_KEY, CBAR);
-	}
-#endif
-}
-
 static void init_amd_k6(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
@@ -1065,7 +1046,6 @@ static void init_amd(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 		clear_cpu_cap(c, X86_FEATURE_MCE);
 
 	switch (c->x86) {
-	case 4:    init_amd_k5(c); break;
 	case 5:    init_amd_k6(c); break;
 	case 6:	   init_amd_k7(c); break;
 	case 0xf:  init_amd_k8(c); break;
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:54 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] x86: make TSC usage unconditional
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-4-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

There are multiple levels of functionality of the TSC that are checked
for: built into the kernel, present in the CPU, reliable and probably
more.

Since the TSC-less CPUs are no longer supported in the kernel,
remove all checks for CONFIG_TSC and X86_FEATURE_TSC and assume
it's always there. Unfortunately the tsc_clocksource_reliable
checks are still required though.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst |  1 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig                           |  1 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu                       |  1 -
 arch/x86/events/msr.c                      |  5 ----
 arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h               |  3 ---
 arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h         |  8 -------
 arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h                 | 13 ----------
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile                   |  4 ++--
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c                | 23 +++++++-----------
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c             | 22 +----------------
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c              |  2 --
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c               |  4 +---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c                 | 15 +++++-------
 arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c                    |  3 ---
 arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c                      | 28 ++--------------------
 arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c                       | 20 ++++------------
 arch/x86/xen/time.c                        |  2 --
 drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c   |  4 ++--
 drivers/ptp/Kconfig                        |  2 +-
 tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile |  5 +---
 20 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst
index 21ae7efa29ba..e8519451000d 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst
@@ -471,7 +471,6 @@ The following feature bits are used by Linux to signal various TSC attributes,
 but they can only be taken to be meaningful for UP or single node systems.
 
 =========================	=======================================
-X86_FEATURE_TSC			The TSC is available in hardware
 X86_FEATURE_RDTSCP		The RDTSCP instruction is available
 X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC	The TSC rate is unchanged with P-states
 X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC		The TSC does not stop in C-states
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
index a188ed90b1ca..2fd99a5b4a68 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
@@ -683,7 +683,6 @@ config X86_INTEL_QUARK
 	depends on X86_32
 	depends on X86_EXTENDED_PLATFORM
 	depends on X86_PLATFORM_DEVICES
-	depends on X86_TSC
 	depends on PCI
 	depends on PCI_GOANY
 	depends on X86_IO_APIC
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
index f4a12b74bed3..fe0246477345 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
@@ -261,7 +261,6 @@ config X86_USE_PPRO_CHECKSUM
 
 config X86_TSC
 	def_bool y
-	depends on (MWINCHIP3D || MCRUSOE || MEFFICEON || MCYRIXIII || MK7 || MK6 || MPENTIUM4 || MPENTIUMM || MPENTIUMIII || MPENTIUMII || M686 || M586MMX || M586TSC || MVIAC3_2 || MVIAC7 || MGEODEGX1 || MGEODE_LX || MATOM) || X86_64
 
 config X86_HAVE_PAE
 	def_bool y
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/msr.c b/arch/x86/events/msr.c
index 76d6418c5055..130f1a8c8800 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/msr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/msr.c
@@ -229,11 +229,6 @@ static struct pmu pmu_msr = {
 
 static int __init msr_init(void)
 {
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
-		pr_cont("no MSR PMU driver.\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	msr_mask = perf_msr_probe(msr, PERF_MSR_EVENT_MAX, true, NULL);
 
 	perf_pmu_register(&pmu_msr, "msr", -1);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h
index 956e4145311b..ec2e37c19760 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h
@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@
 
 static inline unsigned long random_get_entropy(void)
 {
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_TSC) &&
-	    !cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		return random_get_entropy_fallback();
 	return rdtsc();
 }
 #define random_get_entropy random_get_entropy
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h
index 7061a5650969..1efab284c32a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h
@@ -5,17 +5,9 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
-
 extern u64 notrace trace_clock_x86_tsc(void);
 
 # define ARCH_TRACE_CLOCKS \
 	{ trace_clock_x86_tsc,	"x86-tsc",	.in_ns = 0 },
 
-#else /* !CONFIG_X86_TSC */
-
-#define ARCH_TRACE_CLOCKS
-
-#endif
-
 #endif  /* _ASM_X86_TRACE_CLOCK_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h
index 4f7f09f50552..88d9d2a22152 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h
@@ -76,9 +76,6 @@ extern void disable_TSC(void);
 
 static inline cycles_t get_cycles(void)
 {
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_TSC) &&
-	    !cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		return 0;
 	return rdtsc();
 }
 #define get_cycles get_cycles
@@ -94,25 +91,15 @@ extern unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void);
 extern unsigned long long native_sched_clock_from_tsc(u64 tsc);
 
 extern int tsc_clocksource_reliable;
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
 extern bool tsc_async_resets;
-#else
-# define tsc_async_resets	false
-#endif
 
 /*
  * Boot-time check whether the TSCs are synchronized across
  * all CPUs/cores:
  */
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
 extern bool tsc_store_and_check_tsc_adjust(bool bootcpu);
 extern void tsc_verify_tsc_adjust(bool resume);
 extern void check_tsc_sync_target(void);
-#else
-static inline bool tsc_store_and_check_tsc_adjust(bool bootcpu) { return false; }
-static inline void tsc_verify_tsc_adjust(bool resume) { }
-static inline void check_tsc_sync_target(void) { }
-#endif
 
 extern int notsc_setup(char *);
 extern void tsc_save_sched_clock_state(void);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index 47a32f583930..31f46fd00527 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ apm-y				:= apm_32.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_APM)		+= apm.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP)		+= smp.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP)		+= smpboot.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_X86_TSC)		+= tsc_sync.o
+obj-y				+= tsc_sync.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP)		+= setup_percpu.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_MPPARSE)	+= mpparse.o
 obj-y				+= apic/
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE)	+= ftrace.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER)	+= ftrace_$(BITS).o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER) += ftrace.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS)	+= ftrace.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_X86_TSC)		+= trace_clock.o
+obj-y				+= trace_clock.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TRACING)		+= trace.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_RETHOOK)		+= rethook.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_VMCORE_INFO)	+= vmcore_info_$(BITS).o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
index 8c614750a19b..254a6ce6487c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
@@ -666,8 +666,7 @@ static void __init lapic_cal_handler(struct clock_event_device *dev)
 	long tapic = apic_read(APIC_TMCCT);
 	u32 pm = acpi_pm_read_early();
 
-	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		tsc = rdtsc();
+	tsc = rdtsc();
 
 	switch (lapic_cal_loops++) {
 	case 0:
@@ -727,13 +726,11 @@ calibrate_by_pmtimer(u32 deltapm, long *delta, long *deltatsc)
 	*delta = (long)res;
 
 	/* Correct the tsc counter value */
-	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
-		res = (((u64)(*deltatsc)) * pm_100ms);
-		do_div(res, deltapm);
-		apic_pr_verbose("TSC delta adjusted to PM-Timer: %lu (%ld)\n",
-				(unsigned long)res, *deltatsc);
-		*deltatsc = (long)res;
-	}
+	res = (((u64)(*deltatsc)) * pm_100ms);
+	do_div(res, deltapm);
+	apic_pr_verbose("TSC delta adjusted to PM-Timer: %lu (%ld)\n",
+			(unsigned long)res, *deltatsc);
+	*deltatsc = (long)res;
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -902,12 +899,10 @@ static int __init calibrate_APIC_clock(void)
 	apic_pr_verbose("..... mult: %u\n", lapic_clockevent.mult);
 	apic_pr_verbose("..... calibration result: %u\n", lapic_timer_period);
 
-	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
-		delta_tsc_khz = (deltatsc * HZ) / (1000 * LAPIC_CAL_LOOPS);
+	delta_tsc_khz = (deltatsc * HZ) / (1000 * LAPIC_CAL_LOOPS);
 
-		apic_pr_verbose("..... CPU clock speed is %ld.%03ld MHz.\n",
-				delta_tsc_khz / 1000, delta_tsc_khz % 1000);
-	}
+	apic_pr_verbose("..... CPU clock speed is %ld.%03ld MHz.\n",
+			delta_tsc_khz / 1000, delta_tsc_khz % 1000);
 
 	bus_khz = (long)lapic_timer_period * HZ / 1000;
 	apic_pr_verbose("..... host bus clock speed is %ld.%03ld MHz.\n",
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
index 352ed5558cbc..e8eb18d859ef 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
@@ -1491,23 +1491,6 @@ static void __init delay_with_tsc(void)
 	} while ((now - start) < 40000000000ULL / HZ &&	time_before_eq(jiffies, end));
 }
 
-static void __init delay_without_tsc(void)
-{
-	unsigned long end = jiffies + 4;
-	int band = 1;
-
-	/*
-	 * We don't know any frequency yet, but waiting for
-	 * 40940000000/HZ cycles is safe:
-	 * 4 GHz == 10 jiffies
-	 * 1 GHz == 40 jiffies
-	 * 1 << 1 + 1 << 2 +...+ 1 << 11 = 4094
-	 */
-	do {
-		__delay(((1U << band++) * 10000000UL) / HZ);
-	} while (band < 12 && time_before_eq(jiffies, end));
-}
-
 /*
  * There is a nasty bug in some older SMP boards, their mptable lies
  * about the timer IRQ. We do the following to work around the situation:
@@ -1524,10 +1507,7 @@ static int __init timer_irq_works(void)
 		return 1;
 
 	local_irq_enable();
-	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		delay_with_tsc();
-	else
-		delay_without_tsc();
+	delay_with_tsc();
 
 	/*
 	 * Expect a few ticks at least, to be sure some possible
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
index 681d2da49341..75b4de9c4d44 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
@@ -140,8 +140,6 @@ static void init_centaur(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 			name = "C6";
 			fcr_set = ECX8|DSMC|EDCTLB|EMMX|ERETSTK;
 			fcr_clr = DPDC;
-			pr_notice("Disabling bugged TSC.\n");
-			clear_cpu_cap(c, X86_FEATURE_TSC);
 			break;
 		case 8:
 			switch (c->x86_stepping) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index a3df21d26460..6943d3aff580 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -2471,9 +2471,7 @@ void cpu_init(void)
 #endif
 	pr_debug("Initializing CPU#%d\n", cpu);
 
-	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) || cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_VME) ||
-	    boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_DE))
-		cr4_clear_bits(X86_CR4_VME|X86_CR4_PVI|X86_CR4_TSD|X86_CR4_DE);
+	cr4_clear_bits(X86_CR4_VME|X86_CR4_PVI|X86_CR4_TSD|X86_CR4_DE);
 
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64)) {
 		loadsegment(fs, 0);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
index 6571d432cbe3..8086c39c2922 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static int show_cpuinfo(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 {
 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = v;
 	unsigned int cpu;
-	int i;
+	int freq, i;
 
 	cpu = c->cpu_index;
 	seq_printf(m, "processor\t: %u\n"
@@ -85,14 +85,11 @@ static int show_cpuinfo(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	if (c->microcode)
 		seq_printf(m, "microcode\t: 0x%x\n", c->microcode);
 
-	if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
-		int freq = arch_freq_get_on_cpu(cpu);
-
-		if (freq < 0)
-			seq_puts(m, "cpu MHz\t\t: Unknown\n");
-		else
-			seq_printf(m, "cpu MHz\t\t: %u.%03u\n", freq / 1000, (freq % 1000));
-	}
+	freq = arch_freq_get_on_cpu(cpu);
+	if (freq < 0)
+		seq_puts(m, "cpu MHz\t\t: Unknown\n");
+	else
+		seq_printf(m, "cpu MHz\t\t: %u.%03u\n", freq / 1000, (freq % 1000));
 
 	/* Cache size */
 	if (c->x86_cache_size)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c b/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
index cb9852ad6098..0c91426e4a08 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ struct clock_event_device *global_clock_event;
  */
 static bool __init use_pit(void)
 {
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_TSC) || !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		return true;
-
 	/* This also returns true when APIC is disabled */
 	return apic_needs_pit();
 }
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
index c5110eb554bc..e7a43471783f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
@@ -305,23 +305,11 @@ int check_tsc_unstable(void)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
 int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
 {
 	mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter notsc");
 	return 1;
 }
-#else
-/*
- * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
- * in cpu/common.c
- */
-int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
-{
-	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
-	return 1;
-}
-#endif
 __setup("notsc", notsc_setup);
 
 enum {
@@ -942,9 +930,6 @@ void recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
 	unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;
 
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		return;
-
 	cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
 	tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
 	if (tsc_khz == 0)
@@ -1059,8 +1044,6 @@ static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
 
 static int __init cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling(void)
 {
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		return 0;
 	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
 		return 0;
 	cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
@@ -1266,7 +1249,7 @@ static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
  */
 int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
 {
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || tsc_unstable)
+	if (tsc_unstable)
 		return 1;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
@@ -1416,7 +1399,7 @@ static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work)
 
 static int __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
 {
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || !tsc_khz)
+	if (!tsc_khz)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (tsc_unstable) {
@@ -1515,8 +1498,6 @@ static void __init tsc_enable_sched_clock(void)
 
 void __init tsc_early_init(void)
 {
-	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
-		return;
 	/* Don't change UV TSC multi-chassis synchronization */
 	if (is_early_uv_system())
 		return;
@@ -1530,11 +1511,6 @@ void __init tsc_early_init(void)
 
 void __init tsc_init(void)
 {
-	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
-		setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
-		return;
-	}
-
 	/*
 	 * native_calibrate_cpu_early can only calibrate using methods that are
 	 * available early in boot.
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c b/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c
index 8c7cd115b484..9984eeeb1a7c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ unsigned long kaslr_get_random_long(const char *purpose)
 	const unsigned long mix_const = 0x3f39e593UL;
 #endif
 	unsigned long raw, random = get_boot_seed();
-	bool use_i8254 = true;
 
 	if (purpose) {
 		debug_putstr(purpose);
@@ -66,24 +65,13 @@ unsigned long kaslr_get_random_long(const char *purpose)
 			debug_putstr(" RDRAND");
 		if (rdrand_long(&raw)) {
 			random ^= raw;
-			use_i8254 = false;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
-		if (purpose)
-			debug_putstr(" RDTSC");
-		raw = rdtsc();
-
-		random ^= raw;
-		use_i8254 = false;
-	}
-
-	if (use_i8254) {
-		if (purpose)
-			debug_putstr(" i8254");
-		random ^= i8254();
-	}
+	if (purpose)
+		debug_putstr(" RDTSC");
+	raw = rdtsc();
+	random ^= raw;
 
 	/* Circular multiply for better bit diffusion */
 	asm(_ASM_MUL "%3"
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/time.c b/arch/x86/xen/time.c
index d62c14334b35..604fdc941468 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/time.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/time.c
@@ -541,8 +541,6 @@ static void __init xen_time_init(void)
 	xen_read_wallclock(&tp);
 	do_settimeofday64(&tp);
 
-	setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
-
 	/*
 	 * We check ahead on the primary time info if this
 	 * bit is supported hence speeding up Xen clocksource.
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c
index 3d6b2264164a..3551a83ef90b 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ int igc_ptp_hwtstamp_get(struct net_device *netdev,
  */
 static bool igc_is_crosststamp_supported(struct igc_adapter *adapter)
 {
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_TSC))
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86))
 		return false;
 
 	/* FIXME: it was noticed that enabling support for PCIe PTM in
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ static bool igc_is_crosststamp_supported(struct igc_adapter *adapter)
 
 static struct system_counterval_t igc_device_tstamp_to_system(u64 tstamp)
 {
-#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_TSC) && !defined(CONFIG_UML)
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86) && !defined(CONFIG_UML)
 	return (struct system_counterval_t) {
 		.cs_id		= CSID_X86_ART,
 		.cycles		= tstamp,
diff --git a/drivers/ptp/Kconfig b/drivers/ptp/Kconfig
index b93640ca08b7..585cf98ae42f 100644
--- a/drivers/ptp/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/ptp/Kconfig
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ config PTP_1588_CLOCK_KVM
 
 config PTP_1588_CLOCK_VMCLOCK
 	tristate "Virtual machine PTP clock"
-	depends on X86_TSC || ARM_ARCH_TIMER
+	depends on X86 || ARM_ARCH_TIMER
 	depends on PTP_1588_CLOCK && ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128
 	default PTP_1588_CLOCK_KVM
 	help
diff --git a/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile b/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile
index 7b5c43684be1..89954bba1453 100644
--- a/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-obj-m	:=
+obj-m	:= cpufreq-test_tsc.o
 
 KDIR	:= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
 KMISC   := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/cpufrequtils/
 
-ifeq ("$(CONFIG_X86_TSC)", "y")
-  obj-m	 += cpufreq-test_tsc.o
-endif
 
 default:
 	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(CURDIR)
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:55 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] x86: make CX8 usage unconditional
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-5-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

All supported CPUs now provide the cmpxchg8b instruction, so remove
all compile-time and runtime checks for its presence and the fallback
implementation, to assume it just works.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 arch/um/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h  |   4 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu                  |   4 -
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures          |   7 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h |   4 -
 arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_32.h    |  15 --
 arch/x86/include/asm/cmpxchg_32.h     |  76 +---------
 arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h         |  14 +-
 arch/x86/lib/Makefile                 |   4 -
 arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S        | 195 --------------------------
 arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S          |  97 -------------
 arch/x86/um/Kconfig                   |   2 +-
 arch/x86/um/Makefile                  |   3 +-
 lib/atomic64_test.c                   |   7 +-
 13 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 419 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S
 delete mode 100644 arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S

diff --git a/arch/um/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h b/arch/um/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h
index 408b31d59127..b446eec98ed8 100644
--- a/arch/um/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h
+++ b/arch/um/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h
@@ -1,6 +1,2 @@
 #include <asm-generic/asm-prototypes.h>
 #include <asm/checksum.h>
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_UML_X86
-extern void cmpxchg8b_emu(void);
-#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
index fe0246477345..65d887274dd8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
@@ -266,10 +266,6 @@ config X86_HAVE_PAE
 	def_bool y
 	depends on MCRUSOE || MEFFICEON || MCYRIXIII || MPENTIUM4 || MPENTIUMM || MPENTIUMIII || MPENTIUMII || M686 || MVIAC7 || MATOM || X86_64
 
-config X86_CX8
-	def_bool y
-	depends on X86_HAVE_PAE || M586TSC || M586MMX || MK6 || MK7 || MGEODEGX1 || MGEODE_LX
-
 # this should be set for all -march=.. options where the compiler
 # generates cmov.
 config X86_CMOV
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures
index 89cbf8f572ae..e0f2ff65377d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures
@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_NOPL
 	def_bool y
 	depends on X86_64
 
-config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_CX8
-	def_bool y
-	depends on X86_CX8
-
 # this should be set for all -march=.. options where the compiler
 # generates cmov.
 config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_CMOV
@@ -60,6 +56,9 @@ config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_SYSFAST32
 	def_bool y
 	depends on X86_64 && !X86_FRED
 
+config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_CX8
+	def_bool y
+
 config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_CPUID
 	def_bool y
 	depends on X86_64
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h
index 11c6fecc3ad7..6ec680a36dea 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h
@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@
 #include <asm/gsseg.h>
 #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_X86_CX8
-extern void cmpxchg8b_emu(void);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
 extern unsigned long __ref_stack_chk_guard;
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_32.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_32.h
index ab838205c1c6..e3da5d0094c4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_32.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/atomic64_32.h
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ static __always_inline s64 arch_atomic64_read_nonatomic(const atomic64_t *v)
 	ATOMIC64_EXPORT(atomic64_##sym)
 #endif
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_CX8
 #define __alternative_atomic64(f, g, out, in, clobbers...)		\
 	asm volatile("call %c[func]"					\
 		     : ALT_OUTPUT_SP(out) \
@@ -57,20 +56,6 @@ static __always_inline s64 arch_atomic64_read_nonatomic(const atomic64_t *v)
 		     : clobbers)
 
 #define ATOMIC64_DECL(sym) ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(sym##_cx8)
-#else
-#define __alternative_atomic64(f, g, out, in, clobbers...)		\
-	alternative_call(atomic64_##f##_386, atomic64_##g##_cx8,	\
-			 X86_FEATURE_CX8, ASM_OUTPUT(out),		\
-			 ASM_INPUT(in), clobbers)
-
-#define ATOMIC64_DECL(sym) ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(sym##_cx8); \
-	ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(sym##_386)
-
-ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(add_386);
-ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(sub_386);
-ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(inc_386);
-ATOMIC64_DECL_ONE(dec_386);
-#endif
 
 #define alternative_atomic64(f, out, in, clobbers...) \
 	__alternative_atomic64(f, f, ASM_OUTPUT(out), ASM_INPUT(in), clobbers)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cmpxchg_32.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cmpxchg_32.h
index 1f80a62be969..1019c4bce620 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cmpxchg_32.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cmpxchg_32.h
@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ static __always_inline bool __try_cmpxchg64_local(volatile u64 *ptr, u64 *oldp,
 	return __arch_try_cmpxchg64(ptr, oldp, new,);
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_CX8
-
 #define arch_cmpxchg64 __cmpxchg64
 
 #define arch_cmpxchg64_local __cmpxchg64_local
@@ -78,78 +76,6 @@ static __always_inline bool __try_cmpxchg64_local(volatile u64 *ptr, u64 *oldp,
 
 #define arch_try_cmpxchg64_local __try_cmpxchg64_local
 
-#else
-
-/*
- * Building a kernel capable running on 80386 and 80486. It may be necessary
- * to simulate the cmpxchg8b on the 80386 and 80486 CPU.
- */
-
-#define __arch_cmpxchg64_emu(_ptr, _old, _new, _lock_loc, _lock)	\
-({									\
-	union __u64_halves o = { .full = (_old), },			\
-			   n = { .full = (_new), };			\
-									\
-	asm_inline volatile(						\
-		ALTERNATIVE(_lock_loc					\
-			    "call cmpxchg8b_emu",			\
-			    _lock "cmpxchg8b %a[ptr]", X86_FEATURE_CX8)	\
-		: ALT_OUTPUT_SP("+a" (o.low), "+d" (o.high))		\
-		: "b" (n.low), "c" (n.high),				\
-		  [ptr] "S" (_ptr)					\
-		: "memory");						\
-									\
-	o.full;								\
-})
-
-static __always_inline u64 arch_cmpxchg64(volatile u64 *ptr, u64 old, u64 new)
-{
-	return __arch_cmpxchg64_emu(ptr, old, new, LOCK_PREFIX_HERE, "lock ");
-}
-#define arch_cmpxchg64 arch_cmpxchg64
-
-static __always_inline u64 arch_cmpxchg64_local(volatile u64 *ptr, u64 old, u64 new)
-{
-	return __arch_cmpxchg64_emu(ptr, old, new, ,);
-}
-#define arch_cmpxchg64_local arch_cmpxchg64_local
-
-#define __arch_try_cmpxchg64_emu(_ptr, _oldp, _new, _lock_loc, _lock)	\
-({									\
-	union __u64_halves o = { .full = *(_oldp), },			\
-			   n = { .full = (_new), };			\
-	bool ret;							\
-									\
-	asm_inline volatile(						\
-		ALTERNATIVE(_lock_loc					\
-			    "call cmpxchg8b_emu",			\
-			    _lock "cmpxchg8b %a[ptr]", X86_FEATURE_CX8) \
-		: ALT_OUTPUT_SP("=@ccz" (ret),				\
-				"+a" (o.low), "+d" (o.high))		\
-		: "b" (n.low), "c" (n.high),				\
-		  [ptr] "S" (_ptr)					\
-		: "memory");						\
-									\
-	if (unlikely(!ret))						\
-		*(_oldp) = o.full;					\
-									\
-	likely(ret);							\
-})
-
-static __always_inline bool arch_try_cmpxchg64(volatile u64 *ptr, u64 *oldp, u64 new)
-{
-	return __arch_try_cmpxchg64_emu(ptr, oldp, new, LOCK_PREFIX_HERE, "lock ");
-}
-#define arch_try_cmpxchg64 arch_try_cmpxchg64
-
-static __always_inline bool arch_try_cmpxchg64_local(volatile u64 *ptr, u64 *oldp, u64 new)
-{
-	return __arch_try_cmpxchg64_emu(ptr, oldp, new, ,);
-}
-#define arch_try_cmpxchg64_local arch_try_cmpxchg64_local
-
-#endif
-
-#define system_has_cmpxchg64()		boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CX8)
+#define system_has_cmpxchg64()		true
 
 #endif /* _ASM_X86_CMPXCHG_32_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
index 409981468cba..6f45358cb091 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
@@ -335,11 +335,9 @@ do {									\
 	old__.var = _oval;						\
 	new__.var = _nval;						\
 									\
-	asm_inline qual (						\
-		ALTERNATIVE("call this_cpu_cmpxchg8b_emu",		\
-			    "cmpxchg8b " __percpu_arg([var]), X86_FEATURE_CX8) \
-		: ALT_OUTPUT_SP([var] "+m" (__my_cpu_var(_var)),	\
-				"+a" (old__.low), "+d" (old__.high))	\
+	asm_inline qual ("cmpxchg8b " __percpu_arg([var])		\
+		: [var] "+m" (__my_cpu_var(_var)),			\
+				"+a" (old__.low), "+d" (old__.high)	\
 		: "b" (new__.low), "c" (new__.high),			\
 		  "S" (&(_var))						\
 		: "memory");						\
@@ -364,10 +362,8 @@ do {									\
 	old__.var = *_oval;						\
 	new__.var = _nval;						\
 									\
-	asm_inline qual (						\
-		ALTERNATIVE("call this_cpu_cmpxchg8b_emu",		\
-			    "cmpxchg8b " __percpu_arg([var]), X86_FEATURE_CX8) \
-		: ALT_OUTPUT_SP("=@ccz" (success),			\
+	asm_inline qual ("cmpxchg8b " __percpu_arg([var])		\
+		: "=@ccz" (success),					\
 				[var] "+m" (__my_cpu_var(_var)),	\
 				"+a" (old__.low), "+d" (old__.high))	\
 		: "b" (new__.low), "c" (new__.high),			\
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/Makefile b/arch/x86/lib/Makefile
index 2dba7f83ef97..210af275f468 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/Makefile
@@ -48,10 +48,6 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_X86_32),y)
         lib-y += strstr_32.o
         lib-y += string_32.o
         lib-y += memmove_32.o
-        lib-y += cmpxchg8b_emu.o
-ifneq ($(CONFIG_X86_CX8),y)
-        lib-y += atomic64_386_32.o
-endif
 else
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_GENERIC_CSUM),y)
         lib-y += csum-partial_64.o csum-copy_64.o csum-wrappers_64.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S b/arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S
deleted file mode 100644
index e768815e58ae..000000000000
--- a/arch/x86/lib/atomic64_386_32.S
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
-/*
- * atomic64_t for 386/486
- *
- * Copyright ? 2010  Luca Barbieri
- */
-
-#include <linux/linkage.h>
-#include <asm/alternative.h>
-
-/* if you want SMP support, implement these with real spinlocks */
-.macro IRQ_SAVE reg
-	pushfl
-	cli
-.endm
-
-.macro IRQ_RESTORE reg
-	popfl
-.endm
-
-#define BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(op) \
-.macro endp; \
-SYM_FUNC_END(atomic64_##op##_386); \
-.purgem endp; \
-.endm; \
-SYM_FUNC_START(atomic64_##op##_386); \
-	IRQ_SAVE v;
-
-#define ENDP endp
-
-#define RET_IRQ_RESTORE \
-	IRQ_RESTORE v; \
-	RET
-
-#define v %ecx
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(read)
-	movl  (v), %eax
-	movl 4(v), %edx
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(set)
-	movl %ebx,  (v)
-	movl %ecx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v  %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(xchg)
-	movl  (v), %eax
-	movl 4(v), %edx
-	movl %ebx,  (v)
-	movl %ecx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %ecx
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(add)
-	addl %eax,  (v)
-	adcl %edx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %ecx
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(add_return)
-	addl  (v), %eax
-	adcl 4(v), %edx
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %ecx
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(sub)
-	subl %eax,  (v)
-	sbbl %edx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %ecx
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(sub_return)
-	negl %edx
-	negl %eax
-	sbbl $0, %edx
-	addl  (v), %eax
-	adcl 4(v), %edx
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(inc)
-	addl $1,  (v)
-	adcl $0, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(inc_return)
-	movl  (v), %eax
-	movl 4(v), %edx
-	addl $1, %eax
-	adcl $0, %edx
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(dec)
-	subl $1,  (v)
-	sbbl $0, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(dec_return)
-	movl  (v), %eax
-	movl 4(v), %edx
-	subl $1, %eax
-	sbbl $0, %edx
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(add_unless)
-	addl %eax, %ecx
-	adcl %edx, %edi
-	addl  (v), %eax
-	adcl 4(v), %edx
-	cmpl %eax, %ecx
-	je 3f
-1:
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-	movl $1, %eax
-2:
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-3:
-	cmpl %edx, %edi
-	jne 1b
-	xorl %eax, %eax
-	jmp 2b
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(inc_not_zero)
-	movl  (v), %eax
-	movl 4(v), %edx
-	testl %eax, %eax
-	je 3f
-1:
-	addl $1, %eax
-	adcl $0, %edx
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-	movl $1, %eax
-2:
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-3:
-	testl %edx, %edx
-	jne 1b
-	jmp 2b
-ENDP
-#undef v
-
-#define v %esi
-BEGIN_IRQ_SAVE(dec_if_positive)
-	movl  (v), %eax
-	movl 4(v), %edx
-	subl $1, %eax
-	sbbl $0, %edx
-	js 1f
-	movl %eax,  (v)
-	movl %edx, 4(v)
-1:
-	RET_IRQ_RESTORE
-ENDP
-#undef v
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S b/arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S
deleted file mode 100644
index d4bb24347ff8..000000000000
--- a/arch/x86/lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.S
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
-
-#include <linux/export.h>
-#include <linux/linkage.h>
-#include <asm/percpu.h>
-#include <asm/processor-flags.h>
-
-.text
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_X86_CX8
-
-/*
- * Emulate 'cmpxchg8b (%esi)' on UP
- *
- * Inputs:
- * %esi : memory location to compare
- * %eax : low 32 bits of old value
- * %edx : high 32 bits of old value
- * %ebx : low 32 bits of new value
- * %ecx : high 32 bits of new value
- */
-SYM_FUNC_START(cmpxchg8b_emu)
-
-	pushfl
-	cli
-
-	cmpl	(%esi), %eax
-	jne	.Lnot_same
-	cmpl	4(%esi), %edx
-	jne	.Lnot_same
-
-	movl	%ebx, (%esi)
-	movl	%ecx, 4(%esi)
-
-	orl	$X86_EFLAGS_ZF, (%esp)
-
-	popfl
-	RET
-
-.Lnot_same:
-	movl	(%esi), %eax
-	movl	4(%esi), %edx
-
-	andl	$(~X86_EFLAGS_ZF), (%esp)
-
-	popfl
-	RET
-
-SYM_FUNC_END(cmpxchg8b_emu)
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(cmpxchg8b_emu)
-
-#endif
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_UML
-
-/*
- * Emulate 'cmpxchg8b %fs:(%rsi)'
- *
- * Inputs:
- * %esi : memory location to compare
- * %eax : low 32 bits of old value
- * %edx : high 32 bits of old value
- * %ebx : low 32 bits of new value
- * %ecx : high 32 bits of new value
- *
- * Notably this is not LOCK prefixed and is not safe against NMIs
- */
-SYM_FUNC_START(this_cpu_cmpxchg8b_emu)
-
-	pushfl
-	cli
-
-	cmpl	__percpu (%esi), %eax
-	jne	.Lnot_same2
-	cmpl	__percpu 4(%esi), %edx
-	jne	.Lnot_same2
-
-	movl	%ebx, __percpu (%esi)
-	movl	%ecx, __percpu 4(%esi)
-
-	orl	$X86_EFLAGS_ZF, (%esp)
-
-	popfl
-	RET
-
-.Lnot_same2:
-	movl	__percpu (%esi), %eax
-	movl	__percpu 4(%esi), %edx
-
-	andl	$(~X86_EFLAGS_ZF), (%esp)
-
-	popfl
-	RET
-
-SYM_FUNC_END(this_cpu_cmpxchg8b_emu)
-
-#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/Kconfig b/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
index 44b12e45f9a0..5b78440a78b9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ config UML_X86
 	select ARCH_USE_QUEUED_SPINLOCKS
 	select DCACHE_WORD_ACCESS
 	select HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
-	select UML_SUBARCH_SUPPORTS_SMP if X86_CX8
+	select UML_SUBARCH_SUPPORTS_SMP
 
 config 64BIT
 	bool "64-bit kernel" if "$(SUBARCH)" = "x86"
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/Makefile
index f9ea75bf43ac..b89936fe503a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/Makefile
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_X86_32),y)
 
 obj-y += syscalls_32.o
 
-subarch-y = ../lib/string_32.o ../lib/atomic64_32.o ../lib/atomic64_cx8_32.o
-subarch-y += ../lib/cmpxchg8b_emu.o ../lib/atomic64_386_32.o
+subarch-y = ../lib/string_32.o ../lib/atomic64_32.o
 subarch-y += ../lib/checksum_32.o
 subarch-y += ../kernel/sys_ia32.o
 
diff --git a/lib/atomic64_test.c b/lib/atomic64_test.c
index d726068358c7..37af41df3e6a 100644
--- a/lib/atomic64_test.c
+++ b/lib/atomic64_test.c
@@ -251,15 +251,12 @@ static __init int test_atomics_init(void)
 	test_atomic64();
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
-	pr_info("passed for %s platform %s CX8 and %s SSE\n",
+	pr_info("passed for %s platform %s SSE\n",
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 		"x86-64",
-#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_CX8)
-		"i586+",
 #else
-		"i386+",
+		"i586+",
 #endif
-	       boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CX8) ? "with" : "without",
 	       boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM) ? "with" : "without");
 #else
 	pr_info("passed\n");
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:56 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] x86: remove dependencies on CONFIG_M... CPU options
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-6-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

CPU specific features should generally be controlled by
CPU_SUP_xxx options rather than CONFIG_Mxxx, to allow
generic kernels to be built that work with all of them.

Replace the few options that don't follow this scheme
with checks on either CPU_SUP_xxx or X86_PAE by itself.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c    | 2 +-
 arch/x86/xen/Kconfig     | 3 +--
 drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
index e7a43471783f..3d5d38035c52 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ static void __init tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog(void)
 
 static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
 {
-#if defined(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) || defined(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) || defined(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC)
+#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_SUP_CYRIX_32)
 	if (is_geode_lx()) {
 		/* RTSC counts during suspend */
 #define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
index aa4040fd9215..7e74db652215 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ config XEN
 	select X86_HV_CALLBACK_VECTOR
 	select HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS
 	depends on X86_64 || (X86_32 && X86_PAE)
-	depends on X86_64 || (X86_GENERIC || MPENTIUM4 || MATOM)
-	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_TSC
+	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC
 	help
 	  This is the Linux Xen port.  Enabling this will allow the
 	  kernel to boot in a paravirtualized environment under the
diff --git a/drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig
index 2d1bc5b4d11b..faa451584002 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ config INTEL_MEI
 	tristate "Intel Management Engine Interface"
 	depends on PCI
 	depends on X86 || DRM_XE!=n || COMPILE_TEST
-	default X86_64 || MATOM
+	default X86_64 || CPU_SUP_INTEL
 	help
 	  The Intel Management Engine (Intel ME) provides Manageability,
 	  Security and Media services for system containing Intel chipsets.
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:57 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] x86: require minimum 64 byte cache lines
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-7-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

Later x86-32 CPUs like Pentium-M, K7 and Atom use 64 byte cache lines
and are incompatible with kernels built for smaller values of
X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT.

Pentium-4 CPUs have 128 byte cache lines but are compatible with
cache operations that expect the lines to be 64 bytes.

Older CPUs have smaller cache lines of 16 or 32 bytes but work
correctly when X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT is set to a larger value.

Remove the per-CPU tuning and always build for 64 or 128 byte
cache lines that work correctly in any CPU.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
index 65d887274dd8..4991b633047e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ config MVIAC7
 	bool "VIA C7"
 	depends on X86_32
 	help
-	  Select this for a VIA C7.  Selecting this uses the correct cache
-	  shift and tells gcc to treat the CPU as a 686.
+	  Select this for a VIA C7.  Selecting this tells gcc to treat the
+	  CPU as a 686.
 
 config MATOM
 	bool "Intel Atom"
@@ -239,9 +239,7 @@ config X86_INTERNODE_CACHE_SHIFT
 config X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT
 	int
 	default "7" if MPENTIUM4
-	default "6" if MK7 || MPENTIUMM || MATOM || MVIAC7 || X86_GENERIC || X86_64
-	default "4" if MGEODEGX1
-	default "5" if MCRUSOE || MEFFICEON || MCYRIXIII || MK6 || MPENTIUMIII || MPENTIUMII || M686 || M586MMX || M586TSC || MVIAC3_2 || MGEODE_LX
+	default "6"
 
 config X86_F00F_BUG
 	def_bool y
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:58 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] x86: remove dependencies on per-CPU options
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-8-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

A few CPU feature options are defined in terms of CONFIG_Mxxx
CPU selection options.

This conflicts with the idea of CONFIG_X86_GENERIC allowing
one to build a kernel that works with multiple slightly
incompatible CPUs.

As a simplification, change all of these to be enabled in terms
of either 586-class or 686-class builds.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu            | 14 ++++----------
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures    |  8 +-------
 arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h   |  4 ++--
 arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h | 10 ++++------
 arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h   |  6 +-----
 5 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
index 4991b633047e..979db473a41d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
@@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ config X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT
 	default "6"
 
 config X86_F00F_BUG
-	def_bool y
-	depends on M586MMX || M586TSC || M586
+	def_bool X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY=5 && CPU_SUP_INTEL
 
 config X86_ALIGNMENT_16
 	def_bool y
@@ -264,12 +263,6 @@ config X86_HAVE_PAE
 	def_bool y
 	depends on MCRUSOE || MEFFICEON || MCYRIXIII || MPENTIUM4 || MPENTIUMM || MPENTIUMIII || MPENTIUMII || M686 || MVIAC7 || MATOM || X86_64
 
-# this should be set for all -march=.. options where the compiler
-# generates cmov.
-config X86_CMOV
-	def_bool y
-	depends on (MK7 || MPENTIUM4 || MPENTIUMM || MPENTIUMIII || MPENTIUMII || M686 || MVIAC3_2 || MVIAC7 || MCRUSOE || MEFFICEON || MATOM || MGEODE_LX || X86_64)
-
 config X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY
 	int
 	default "64" if X86_64
@@ -278,7 +271,8 @@ config X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY
 
 config X86_DEBUGCTLMSR
 	def_bool y
-	depends on !(MK6 || MCYRIXIII || M586MMX || M586TSC || M586) && !UML
+	depends on !UML
+	depends on X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY=6
 
 config IA32_FEAT_CTL
 	def_bool y
@@ -314,7 +308,7 @@ config CPU_SUP_INTEL
 config CPU_SUP_CYRIX_32
 	default y
 	bool "Support Cyrix processors" if PROCESSOR_SELECT
-	depends on M586 || M586TSC || M586MMX || (EXPERT && !64BIT)
+	depends on X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY=5
 	help
 	  This enables detection, tunings and quirks for Cyrix processors
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures
index e0f2ff65377d..a0a1e838014d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpufeatures
@@ -44,13 +44,7 @@ config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_NOPL
 # generates cmov.
 config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_CMOV
 	def_bool y
-	depends on X86_CMOV
-
-# this should be set for all -march= options where the compiler
-# generates movbe.
-config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_MOVBE
-	def_bool y
-	depends on MATOM
+	depends on X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY >= 6
 
 config X86_REQUIRED_FEATURE_SYSFAST32
 	def_bool y
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
index c2ce213f2b9b..f65872f67820 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ static __always_inline __attribute_const__ int variable_ffs(int x)
 	asm("bsfl %1,%0"
 	    : "=r" (r)
 	    : ASM_INPUT_RM (x), "0" (-1));
-#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_CMOV)
+#elif CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY >= 6
 	asm("bsfl %1,%0\n\t"
 	    "cmovzl %2,%0"
 	    : "=&r" (r) : "rm" (x), "r" (-1));
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ static __always_inline __attribute_const__ int fls(unsigned int x)
 	asm("bsrl %1,%0"
 	    : "=r" (r)
 	    : ASM_INPUT_RM (x), "0" (-1));
-#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_CMOV)
+#elif CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY >= 6
 	asm("bsrl %1,%0\n\t"
 	    "cmovzl %2,%0"
 	    : "=&r" (r) : "rm" (x), "rm" (-1));
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h
index a2c1f2d24b64..3799b2bb27bc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/debugreg.h
@@ -176,10 +176,9 @@ static inline unsigned long get_debugctlmsr(void)
 {
 	unsigned long debugctlmsr = 0;
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_X86_DEBUGCTLMSR
-	if (boot_cpu_data.x86 < 6)
+	if (CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY < 6 || boot_cpu_data.x86 < 6)
 		return 0;
-#endif
+
 	rdmsrq(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, debugctlmsr);
 
 	return debugctlmsr;
@@ -187,10 +186,9 @@ static inline unsigned long get_debugctlmsr(void)
 
 static inline void update_debugctlmsr(unsigned long debugctlmsr)
 {
-#ifndef CONFIG_X86_DEBUGCTLMSR
-	if (boot_cpu_data.x86 < 6)
+	if (CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY < 6 || boot_cpu_data.x86 < 6)
 		return;
-#endif
+
 	wrmsrq(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, debugctlmsr);
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h
index 7bb7bd90355d..b1d881229fab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -449,11 +449,7 @@ static inline unsigned long regs_get_kernel_argument(struct pt_regs *regs,
 }
 
 #define arch_has_single_step()	(1)
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_DEBUGCTLMSR
-#define arch_has_block_step()	(1)
-#else
-#define arch_has_block_step()	(boot_cpu_data.x86 >= 6)
-#endif
+#define arch_has_block_step()	((CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY >= 6) || (boot_cpu_data.x86 >= 6))
 
 #define ARCH_HAS_USER_SINGLE_STEP_REPORT
 
-- 
2.39.5



From arnd at kernel.org  Fri May 22 07:19:59 2026
From: arnd at kernel.org (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] x86: simplify 32-bit instruction set selection
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522141959.1071595-9-arnd@kernel.org>

From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>

The -march= compiler flags select both instruction set and tuning for
a particular CPU, which works well when building a kernel that can only
run on this one type, but has some counterintuitive effects because it
is not always clear which models are compatible.

E.g. building for Geode LX results in a kernel that can work on all on
all 686-class CPUs but crashes on CPUs without the CMOV instructions.
Building a kernel for 686 could work on Geode LX and Crusoe but fails
because of the CPU generation check that detects these as 585-class.
Similarly, building for Intel Atom produces a 32-bit kernel that uses
the MOVBE instructions and does not work on any other 32-bit CPU or
even 64-bit CPUs before Haswell/Excavator.

Change the CPU selection to build everything with either -march=i586
or -march=i686 and make the specific options only change the -mtune=
parameter where this was previously handled by -march=. Note that
the only -mtune= options that gcc or clang understand for x86-32
are i486, pentium, pentiumpro, pentium4, atom, geode, k6 and athlon,
the other ten are just aliases for one of them.

Selecting any 586-class configuration option now produces a kernel that
works on every supported CPU, while selecting a 686-class configuration
works on all 686-class CPUs but no 586-class ones.

Consequently, the vermagic.h logic can be simplified to just these
two cases.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
---
 arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu            | 13 +++++-------
 arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu        | 16 +++++++--------
 arch/x86/include/asm/vermagic.h | 36 ++-------------------------------
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
index 979db473a41d..ebbf44e3cfc6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ choice
 	default M686
 	help
 	  This is the processor type of your CPU. This information is
-	  used for optimizing purposes. In order to compile a kernel
-	  that can run on all supported x86 CPU types (albeit not
-	  optimally fast), you can specify "586" here.
+	  used to pick between i586-class and i686-class processors,
+	  as well as to optimize for a particular microarchitecture
+	  within the two classes.
 
 	  Note that the 386 and 486 is no longer supported, this includes
 	  AMD/Cyrix/Intel 386DX/DXL/SL/SLC/SX, Cyrix/TI 486DLC/DLC2,
@@ -164,16 +164,13 @@ config MCYRIXIII
 	  treat this chip as a generic 586. Whilst the CPU is 686 class,
 	  it lacks the cmov extension which gcc assumes is present when
 	  generating 686 code.
-	  Note that Nehemiah (Model 9) and above will not boot with this
-	  kernel due to them lacking the 3DNow! instructions used in earlier
-	  incarnations of the CPU.
 
 config MVIAC3_2
 	bool "VIA C3-2 (Nehemiah)"
 	depends on X86_32
 	help
-	  Select this for a VIA C3 "Nehemiah". Selecting this enables usage
-	  of SSE and tells gcc to treat the CPU as a 686.
+	  Select this for a VIA C3 "Nehemiah". Selecting tells gcc to treat
+	  the CPU as a 686.
 	  Note, this kernel will not boot on older (pre model 9) C3s.
 
 config MVIAC7
diff --git a/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu b/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu
index c5aa169b596d..1735a5f95d33 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu
+++ b/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu
@@ -11,26 +11,26 @@ align		:= -falign-functions=0 -falign-jumps=0 -falign-loops=0
 endif
 
 cflags-$(CONFIG_M586TSC)	+= -march=i586
-cflags-$(CONFIG_M586MMX)	+= -march=pentium-mmx
+cflags-$(CONFIG_M586MMX)	+= -march=i586
 cflags-$(CONFIG_M686)		+= -march=i686
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUMII)	+= -march=i686 $(call tune,pentium2)
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUMIII)	+= -march=i686 $(call tune,pentium3)
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUMM)	+= -march=i686 $(call tune,pentium3)
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUM4)	+= -march=i686 $(call tune,pentium4)
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MK6)		+= -march=k6
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MK6)		+= -march=i586 $(call tune,k6)
 # Please note, that patches that add -march=athlon-xp and friends are pointless.
 # They make zero difference whatsosever to performance at this time.
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MK7)		+= -march=athlon
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MK7)		+= -march=i686 $(call tune,athlon)
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MCRUSOE)	+= -march=i686 $(align)
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MEFFICEON)	+= -march=i686 $(call tune,pentium3) $(align)
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MCYRIXIII)	+= $(call cc-option,-march=c3,-march=i486) $(align)
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MVIAC3_2)	+= $(call cc-option,-march=c3-2,-march=i686)
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MCYRIXIII)	+= -march=i586 $(call tune,i486) $(align)
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MVIAC3_2)	+= -march=i686
 cflags-$(CONFIG_MVIAC7)		+= -march=i686
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MATOM)		+= -march=atom
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MATOM)		+= -march=i686 $(call tune,atom)
 
 # Geode GX1 support
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1)	+= -march=pentium-mmx
-cflags-$(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX)	+= $(call cc-option,-march=geode,-march=pentium-mmx)
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1)	+= -march=i586 $(call tune,geode)
+cflags-$(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX)	+= -march=i586 $(call tune,geode)
 # add at the end to overwrite eventual tuning options from earlier
 # cpu entries
 cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC) 	+= $(call tune,generic,$(call tune,i686))
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/vermagic.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/vermagic.h
index e26061df0c9b..5323ed585bc9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/vermagic.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/vermagic.h
@@ -5,42 +5,10 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 /* X86_64 does not define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY */
-#elif defined CONFIG_M586TSC
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "586TSC "
-#elif defined CONFIG_M586MMX
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "586MMX "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MATOM
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "ATOM "
-#elif defined CONFIG_M686
+#elif CONFIG_X86_MINIMUM_CPU_FAMILY == 6
 #define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "686 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MPENTIUMII
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "PENTIUMII "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MPENTIUMIII
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "PENTIUMIII "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MPENTIUMM
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "PENTIUMM "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MPENTIUM4
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "PENTIUM4 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MK6
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "K6 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MK7
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "K7 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MCRUSOE
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "CRUSOE "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MEFFICEON
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "EFFICEON "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MCYRIXIII
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "CYRIXIII "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MVIAC3_2
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "VIAC3-2 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MVIAC7
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "VIAC7 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MGEODEGX1
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "GEODEGX1 "
-#elif defined CONFIG_MGEODE_LX
-#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "GEODE "
 #else
-#error unknown processor family
+#define MODULE_PROC_FAMILY "586 "
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
-- 
2.39.5



From jgross at suse.com  Fri May 22 08:46:32 2026
From: jgross at suse.com (Juergen Gross)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 17:46:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] x86: remove dependencies on CONFIG_M... CPU options
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-6-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
 <20260522141959.1071595-6-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <57e5a8e2-d277-459b-a10f-48c5f1b5f0cf@suse.com>

On 22.05.26 16:19, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
> 
> CPU specific features should generally be controlled by
> CPU_SUP_xxx options rather than CONFIG_Mxxx, to allow
> generic kernels to be built that work with all of them.
> 
> Replace the few options that don't follow this scheme
> with checks on either CPU_SUP_xxx or X86_PAE by itself.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
> ---
>   arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c    | 2 +-
>   arch/x86/xen/Kconfig     | 3 +--
>   drivers/misc/mei/Kconfig | 2 +-
>   3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
> index e7a43471783f..3d5d38035c52 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
> @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ static void __init tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog(void)
>   
>   static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
>   {
> -#if defined(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) || defined(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) || defined(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC)
> +#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_SUP_CYRIX_32)
>   	if (is_geode_lx()) {
>   		/* RTSC counts during suspend */
>   #define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
> diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
> index aa4040fd9215..7e74db652215 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
> @@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ config XEN
>   	select X86_HV_CALLBACK_VECTOR
>   	select HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS
>   	depends on X86_64 || (X86_32 && X86_PAE)
> -	depends on X86_64 || (X86_GENERIC || MPENTIUM4 || MATOM)
> -	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_TSC
> +	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC

This is problematic. See commit 93cd05976498.

Maybe use "depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT >= 6" instead?


Juergen
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From brgerst at gmail.com  Fri May 22 09:11:51 2026
From: brgerst at gmail.com (Brian Gerst)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 12:11:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] x86: make TSC usage unconditional
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-4-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org> <20260522141959.1071595-4-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <CAMzpN2h6pidPtLr8rLbVNjs_KSsOuvqbs3k3aJH1KhNxT80uPA@mail.gmail.com>

On Fri, May 22, 2026 at 10:44?AM Arnd Bergmann <arnd at kernel.org> wrote:
>
> From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
>
> There are multiple levels of functionality of the TSC that are checked
> for: built into the kernel, present in the CPU, reliable and probably
> more.
>
> Since the TSC-less CPUs are no longer supported in the kernel,
> remove all checks for CONFIG_TSC and X86_FEATURE_TSC and assume
> it's always there. Unfortunately the tsc_clocksource_reliable
> checks are still required though.
>
> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
> ---
>  Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst |  1 -
>  arch/x86/Kconfig                           |  1 -
>  arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu                       |  1 -
>  arch/x86/events/msr.c                      |  5 ----
>  arch/x86/include/asm/timex.h               |  3 ---
>  arch/x86/include/asm/trace_clock.h         |  8 -------
>  arch/x86/include/asm/tsc.h                 | 13 ----------
>  arch/x86/kernel/Makefile                   |  4 ++--
>  arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c                | 23 +++++++-----------
>  arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c             | 22 +----------------
>  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c              |  2 --
>  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c               |  4 +---
>  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c                 | 15 +++++-------
>  arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c                    |  3 ---
>  arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c                      | 28 ++--------------------
>  arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c                       | 20 ++++------------
>  arch/x86/xen/time.c                        |  2 --
>  drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_ptp.c   |  4 ++--
>  drivers/ptp/Kconfig                        |  2 +-
>  tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile |  5 +---
>  20 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst
> index 21ae7efa29ba..e8519451000d 100644
> --- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/timekeeping.rst
> @@ -471,7 +471,6 @@ The following feature bits are used by Linux to signal various TSC attributes,
>  but they can only be taken to be meaningful for UP or single node systems.
>
>  =========================      =======================================
> -X86_FEATURE_TSC                        The TSC is available in hardware
>  X86_FEATURE_RDTSCP             The RDTSCP instruction is available
>  X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC       The TSC rate is unchanged with P-states
>  X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC                The TSC does not stop in C-states
> diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> index a188ed90b1ca..2fd99a5b4a68 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> @@ -683,7 +683,6 @@ config X86_INTEL_QUARK
>         depends on X86_32
>         depends on X86_EXTENDED_PLATFORM
>         depends on X86_PLATFORM_DEVICES
> -       depends on X86_TSC
>         depends on PCI
>         depends on PCI_GOANY
>         depends on X86_IO_APIC
> diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
> index f4a12b74bed3..fe0246477345 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
> +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu
> @@ -261,7 +261,6 @@ config X86_USE_PPRO_CHECKSUM
>
>  config X86_TSC
>         def_bool y
> -       depends on (MWINCHIP3D || MCRUSOE || MEFFICEON || MCYRIXIII || MK7 || MK6 || MPENTIUM4 || MPENTIUMM || MPENTIUMIII || MPENTIUMII || M686 || M586MMX || M586TSC || MVIAC3_2 || MVIAC7 || MGEODEGX1 || MGEODE_LX || MATOM) || X86_64

Can't you just delete this config option since it's no longer relevant?


From rafael at kernel.org  Fri May 22 10:01:20 2026
From: rafael at kernel.org (Rafael J. Wysocki)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 19:01:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops
 initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org> <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <CAJZ5v0iaQsP+-yxwTf1sLanR1tfuJyDeBNR5xh3SYoFsmULt+g@mail.gmail.com>

On Thu, May 21, 2026 at 3:33?PM Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:
>
> Using Coccinelle, rewrite every struct kernel_param_ops initializer that
> sets .get into a DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS-family macro invocation,
> for example:
>
> @@
> declarer name DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS;
> identifier OPS;
> expression SET, GET;
> @@
> - const struct kernel_param_ops OPS = {
> -       .set = SET,
> -       .get = GET,
> - };
> + DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(OPS, SET, GET);
>
> Using the macro for initialization means future changes can manipulate
> the struct layout and callback prototypes without having to change every
> initializer.
>
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>

For ACPI and hibernation:

Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki (Intel) <rafael at kernel.org>

> ---
>  mm/kfence/core.c                              |  7 +-
>  arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c                  |  5 +-
>  arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c               |  6 +-
>  arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c                   |  6 +-
>  arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c                  |  6 +-
>  arch/x86/kernel/msr.c                         |  6 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c                        | 12 +--
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c                       |  6 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        |  6 +-
>  arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c                 | 12 +--
>  block/disk-events.c                           |  6 +-
>  drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                          | 25 +++----
>  drivers/block/loop.c                          | 12 +--
>  drivers/block/null_blk/main.c                 | 12 +--
>  drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c                 |  6 +-
>  drivers/block/ublk_drv.c                      |  7 +-
>  drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c           |  6 +-
>  drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c             | 17 ++---
>  drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c     | 16 +---
>  drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c      | 23 ++----
>  drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c     |  5 +-
>  drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c       | 21 ++----
>  drivers/dma/dmatest.c                         | 20 ++---
>  drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c                     |  6 +-
>  drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c             |  6 +-
>  drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c              |  6 +-
>  drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c                |  6 +-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c                   |  6 +-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c       |  5 +-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c    |  6 +-
>  drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c                      |  6 +-
>  drivers/hid/hid-steam.c                       |  6 +-
>  drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c           |  5 +-
>  drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c      |  6 +-
>  drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c       |  6 +-
>  drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c           |  5 +-
>  drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c              | 13 ++--
>  drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c            |  6 +-
>  drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c            |  6 +-
>  drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c            |  5 +-
>  drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c       | 10 +--
>  drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c                 | 12 +--
>  drivers/nvme/host/pci.c                       | 18 ++---
>  drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c                    |  5 +-
>  drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c                     |  5 +-
>  drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c                |  5 +-
>  drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c        |  6 +-
>  drivers/power/supply/test_power.c             | 75 ++++++++-----------
>  drivers/scsi/sg.c                             |  6 +-
>  drivers/target/target_core_user.c             | 13 ++--
>  .../processor_thermal_soc_slider.c            | 12 +--
>  drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c      | 20 +----
>  drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c                    |  6 +-
>  drivers/tty/sysrq.c                           |  6 +-
>  drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c        |  5 +-
>  drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c                    | 18 ++---
>  drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c                   |  5 +-
>  drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c                     | 12 +--
>  drivers/usb/core/quirks.c                     |  6 +-
>  drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c            |  5 +-
>  drivers/usb/storage/usb.c                     |  5 +-
>  drivers/vhost/scsi.c                          |  7 +-
>  drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c     |  6 +-
>  drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c                  |  6 +-
>  fs/ceph/super.c                               | 10 +--
>  fs/fuse/dir.c                                 |  5 +-
>  fs/nfs/namespace.c                            |  6 +-
>  fs/nfs/super.c                                |  6 +-
>  fs/ubifs/super.c                              |  6 +-
>  kernel/locking/locktorture.c                  |  6 +-
>  kernel/panic.c                                |  6 +-
>  kernel/params.c                               | 44 +++--------
>  kernel/power/hibernate.c                      |  6 +-
>  kernel/rcu/tree.c                             | 18 ++---
>  kernel/sched/ext.c                            | 11 +--
>  kernel/workqueue.c                            | 12 +--
>  lib/dynamic_debug.c                           |  6 +-
>  lib/test_dynamic_debug.c                      |  6 +-
>  mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           | 19 ++---
>  mm/damon/reclaim.c                            | 19 ++---
>  mm/damon/stat.c                               |  6 +-
>  mm/memory_hotplug.c                           | 12 +--
>  mm/page_reporting.c                           | 11 +--
>  mm/shuffle.c                                  |  6 +-
>  mm/zswap.c                                    | 14 ++--
>  net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c                     |  6 +-
>  net/ceph/ceph_common.c                        |  5 +-
>  net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c                          |  6 +-
>  net/sunrpc/auth.c                             |  6 +-
>  net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c                         | 18 ++---
>  samples/damon/mtier.c                         |  6 +-
>  samples/damon/prcl.c                          |  6 +-
>  samples/damon/wsse.c                          |  6 +-
>  security/apparmor/lsm.c                       | 34 +++------
>  sound/hda/controllers/intel.c                 |  5 +-
>  sound/usb/card.c                              |  7 +-
>  96 files changed, 307 insertions(+), 660 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/kfence/core.c b/mm/kfence/core.c
> index 655dc5ce3240..e14102c01520 100644
> --- a/mm/kfence/core.c
> +++ b/mm/kfence/core.c
> @@ -92,10 +92,9 @@ static int param_get_sample_interval(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp
>         return param_get_ulong(buffer, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops sample_interval_param_ops = {
> -       .set = param_set_sample_interval,
> -       .get = param_get_sample_interval,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sample_interval_param_ops,
> +                              param_set_sample_interval,
> +                              param_get_sample_interval);
>  module_param_cb(sample_interval, &sample_interval_param_ops, &kfence_sample_interval, 0600);
>
>  /* Pool usage% threshold when currently covered allocations are skipped. */
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
> index 61dbeea317f3..0c15f0426671 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv.c
> @@ -114,10 +114,7 @@ module_param(one_vm_per_core, bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(one_vm_per_core, "Only run vCPUs from the same VM on a core (requires POWER8 or older)");
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_XICS
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops module_param_ops = {
> -       .set = param_set_int,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(module_param_ops, param_set_int, param_get_int);
>
>  module_param_cb(kvm_irq_bypass, &module_param_ops, &kvm_irq_bypass, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(kvm_irq_bypass, "Bypass passthrough interrupt optimization");
> diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
> index 7bfeb5208177..76119542562b 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
> @@ -2029,10 +2029,8 @@ static int param_set_sfb_size(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>
>  #define param_check_sfb_size(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_sfb_size = {
> -       .set = param_set_sfb_size,
> -       .get = param_get_sfb_size,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_sfb_size, param_set_sfb_size,
> +                              param_get_sfb_size);
>
>  enum {
>         RS_INIT_FAILURE_BSDES   = 2,    /* Bad basic sampling size */
> diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
> index e6dab473cde4..fb7988dc5482 100644
> --- a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
> +++ b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
> @@ -628,10 +628,8 @@ static int uml_vfio_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops = {
> -       .set = uml_vfio_cmdline_set,
> -       .get = uml_vfio_cmdline_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops, uml_vfio_cmdline_set,
> +                              uml_vfio_cmdline_get);
>
>  device_param_cb(device, &uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, 0400);
>  __uml_help(uml_vfio_cmdline_param_ops,
> diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
> index 7425a8548141..f9ae745f4586 100644
> --- a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
> +++ b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
> @@ -1398,10 +1398,8 @@ static int vu_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return strlen(buffer) + 1;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vu_cmdline_param_ops = {
> -       .set = vu_cmdline_set,
> -       .get = vu_cmdline_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vu_cmdline_param_ops, vu_cmdline_set,
> +                              vu_cmdline_get);
>
>  device_param_cb(device, &vu_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
>  __uml_help(vu_cmdline_param_ops,
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
> index 4469c784eaa0..5f4e1814dc4d 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
> @@ -322,10 +322,8 @@ static int get_allow_writes(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", res);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops allow_writes_ops = {
> -       .set = set_allow_writes,
> -       .get = get_allow_writes
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(allow_writes_ops, set_allow_writes,
> +                              get_allow_writes);
>
>  module_param_cb(allow_writes, &allow_writes_ops, NULL, 0600);
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
> index 24fbc9ea502a..996818ee9b09 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
> @@ -74,15 +74,11 @@ static int get_nx_huge_pages(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int set_nx_huge_pages(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops nx_huge_pages_ops = {
> -       .set = set_nx_huge_pages,
> -       .get = get_nx_huge_pages,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(nx_huge_pages_ops, set_nx_huge_pages,
> +                              get_nx_huge_pages);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops nx_huge_pages_recovery_param_ops = {
> -       .set = set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(nx_huge_pages_recovery_param_ops,
> +                              set_nx_huge_pages_recovery_param, param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(nx_huge_pages, &nx_huge_pages_ops, &nx_huge_pages, 0644);
>  __MODULE_PARM_TYPE(nx_huge_pages, "bool");
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
> index adf211860949..7907f9addff9 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
> @@ -87,11 +87,7 @@ static int avic_param_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_get_bool(buffer, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops avic_ops = {
> -       .flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
> -       .set = avic_param_set,
> -       .get = avic_param_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(avic_ops, avic_param_set, avic_param_get);
>
>  /*
>   * Enable / disable AVIC.  In "auto" mode (default behavior), AVIC is enabled
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> index a29896a9ef14..07f4c7209ac0 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> @@ -465,10 +465,8 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  #endif
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vmentry_l1d_flush_ops = {
> -       .set = vmentry_l1d_flush_set,
> -       .get = vmentry_l1d_flush_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vmentry_l1d_flush_ops, vmentry_l1d_flush_set,
> +                              vmentry_l1d_flush_get);
>  module_param_cb(vmentry_l1d_flush, &vmentry_l1d_flush_ops, NULL, 0644);
>
>  static __always_inline void vmx_disable_fb_clear(struct vcpu_vmx *vmx)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
> index 5c50e550ab63..a7ac80b5f8d9 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
> @@ -123,10 +123,8 @@ static int param_set_local64(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_local64 = {
> -       .get = param_get_local64,
> -       .set = param_set_local64,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_local64, param_set_local64,
> +                              param_get_local64);
>  #define param_check_local64(name, p) __param_check(name, p, local64_t)
>
>  static local64_t uv_nmi_count;
> @@ -232,10 +230,8 @@ static int param_set_action(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return -EINVAL;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_action = {
> -       .get = param_get_action,
> -       .set = param_set_action,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_action, param_set_action,
> +                              param_get_action);
>  #define param_check_action(name, p) __param_check(name, p, enum action_t)
>
>  module_param_named(action, uv_nmi_action, action, 0644);
> diff --git a/block/disk-events.c b/block/disk-events.c
> index 074731ecc3d2..f2d4b48294c6 100644
> --- a/block/disk-events.c
> +++ b/block/disk-events.c
> @@ -416,10 +416,8 @@ static int disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops = {
> -       .set    = disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs,
> -       .get    = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops,
> +                              disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs, param_get_ulong);
>
>  #undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
>  #define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX    "block."
> diff --git a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> index a625de3c3c8b..3d32a5280432 100644
> --- a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> +++ b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> @@ -138,15 +138,11 @@ static int param_get_debug_level(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return result;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_debug_layer = {
> -       .set = param_set_uint,
> -       .get = param_get_debug_layer,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_debug_layer, param_set_uint,
> +                              param_get_debug_layer);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_debug_level = {
> -       .set = param_set_uint,
> -       .get = param_get_debug_level,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_debug_level, param_set_uint,
> +                              param_get_debug_level);
>
>  module_param_cb(debug_layer, &param_ops_debug_layer, &acpi_dbg_layer, 0644);
>  module_param_cb(debug_level, &param_ops_debug_level, &acpi_dbg_level, 0644);
> @@ -201,15 +197,12 @@ static int param_get_trace_method_name(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *
>         return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", acpi_gbl_trace_method_name);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_trace_method = {
> -       .set = param_set_trace_method_name,
> -       .get = param_get_trace_method_name,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_trace_method,
> +                              param_set_trace_method_name,
> +                              param_get_trace_method_name);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_trace_attrib = {
> -       .set = param_set_uint,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_trace_attrib, param_set_uint,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(trace_method_name, &param_ops_trace_method, &trace_method_name, 0644);
>  module_param_cb(trace_debug_layer, &param_ops_trace_attrib, &acpi_gbl_trace_dbg_layer, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/block/loop.c b/drivers/block/loop.c
> index 0000913f7efc..147ad561e584 100644
> --- a/drivers/block/loop.c
> +++ b/drivers/block/loop.c
> @@ -1806,10 +1806,8 @@ static int max_loop_param_set_int(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops max_loop_param_ops = {
> -       .set = max_loop_param_set_int,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(max_loop_param_ops, max_loop_param_set_int,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  module_param_cb(max_loop, &max_loop_param_ops, &max_loop, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(max_loop, "Maximum number of loop devices");
> @@ -1836,10 +1834,8 @@ static int loop_set_hw_queue_depth(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *p)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops loop_hw_qdepth_param_ops = {
> -       .set    = loop_set_hw_queue_depth,
> -       .get    = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(loop_hw_qdepth_param_ops,
> +                              loop_set_hw_queue_depth, param_get_int);
>
>  device_param_cb(hw_queue_depth, &loop_hw_qdepth_param_ops, &hw_queue_depth, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(hw_queue_depth, "Queue depth for each hardware queue. Default: " __stringify(LOOP_DEFAULT_HW_Q_DEPTH));
> diff --git a/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c b/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c
> index f8c0fd57e041..332ad6ac838a 100644
> --- a/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c
> +++ b/drivers/block/null_blk/main.c
> @@ -149,10 +149,8 @@ static int null_set_queue_mode(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return null_param_store_val(str, &g_queue_mode, NULL_Q_BIO, NULL_Q_MQ);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops null_queue_mode_param_ops = {
> -       .set    = null_set_queue_mode,
> -       .get    = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(null_queue_mode_param_ops, null_set_queue_mode,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  device_param_cb(queue_mode, &null_queue_mode_param_ops, &g_queue_mode, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(queue_mode, "Block interface to use (0=bio,1=rq,2=multiqueue)");
> @@ -193,10 +191,8 @@ static int null_set_irqmode(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                                         NULL_IRQ_TIMER);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops null_irqmode_param_ops = {
> -       .set    = null_set_irqmode,
> -       .get    = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(null_irqmode_param_ops, null_set_irqmode,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  device_param_cb(irqmode, &null_irqmode_param_ops, &g_irqmode, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(irqmode, "IRQ completion handler. 0-none, 1-softirq, 2-timer");
> diff --git a/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c b/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c
> index 10e8c438bb43..81961f7c883a 100644
> --- a/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c
> +++ b/drivers/block/rnbd/rnbd-srv.c
> @@ -49,10 +49,8 @@ static struct kparam_string dev_search_path_kparam_str = {
>         .string = dev_search_path
>  };
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops dev_search_path_ops = {
> -       .set    = dev_search_path_set,
> -       .get    = param_get_string,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(dev_search_path_ops, dev_search_path_set,
> +                              param_get_string);
>
>  module_param_cb(dev_search_path, &dev_search_path_ops,
>                 &dev_search_path_kparam_str, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
> index 8e5f3738c203..f7bf7ea2d088 100644
> --- a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
> +++ b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
> @@ -5874,10 +5874,9 @@ static int ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks(char *buf,
>         return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", unprivileged_ublks_max);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops = {
> -       .set = ublk_set_max_unprivileged_ublks,
> -       .get = ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops,
> +                              ublk_set_max_unprivileged_ublks,
> +                              ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks);
>
>  module_param_cb(ublks_max, &ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops,
>                 &unprivileged_ublks_max, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
> index 869ac87a4b6a..b5fed11707e8 100644
> --- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
> +++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
> @@ -102,10 +102,8 @@ static int panic_op_read_handler(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", event_str);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops panic_op_ops = {
> -       .set = panic_op_write_handler,
> -       .get = panic_op_read_handler
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(panic_op_ops, panic_op_write_handler,
> +                              panic_op_read_handler);
>  module_param_cb(panic_op, &panic_op_ops, NULL, 0600);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(panic_op, "Sets if the IPMI driver will attempt to store panic information in the event log in the event of a panic.  Set to 'none' for no, 'event' for a single event, or 'string' for a generic event and the panic string in IPMI OEM events.");
>
> diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
> index a013ddbf1466..91a99417d204 100644
> --- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
> +++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
> @@ -193,10 +193,8 @@ static int set_param_timeout(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return rv;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_timeout = {
> -       .set = set_param_timeout,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_timeout, set_param_timeout,
> +                              param_get_int);
>  #define param_check_timeout param_check_int
>
>  typedef int (*action_fn)(const char *intval, char *outval);
> @@ -259,17 +257,12 @@ static int set_param_wdog_ifnum(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_wdog_ifnum = {
> -       .set = set_param_wdog_ifnum,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_wdog_ifnum, set_param_wdog_ifnum,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  #define param_check_wdog_ifnum param_check_int
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_str = {
> -       .set = set_param_str,
> -       .get = get_param_str,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_str, set_param_str, get_param_str);
>
>  module_param(ifnum_to_use, wdog_ifnum, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(ifnum_to_use, "The interface number to use for the watchdog "
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c
> index 357ab5e5887e..1104184c2f63 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/hpre/hpre_main.c
> @@ -420,10 +420,8 @@ static int hpre_cluster_regs_show(struct seq_file *s, void *unused)
>
>  DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(hpre_cluster_regs);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops hpre_uacce_mode_ops = {
> -       .set = uacce_mode_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(hpre_uacce_mode_ops, uacce_mode_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  /*
>   * uacce_mode = 0 means hpre only register to crypto,
> @@ -441,19 +439,13 @@ static int pf_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return hisi_qm_q_num_set(val, kp, PCI_DEVICE_ID_HUAWEI_HPRE_PF);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops hpre_pf_q_num_ops = {
> -       .set = pf_q_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(hpre_pf_q_num_ops, pf_q_num_set, param_get_int);
>
>  static u32 pf_q_num = HPRE_PF_DEF_Q_NUM;
>  module_param_cb(pf_q_num, &hpre_pf_q_num_ops, &pf_q_num, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(pf_q_num, "Number of queues in PF of CS(2-1024)");
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vfs_num_ops = {
> -       .set = vfs_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vfs_num_ops, vfs_num_set, param_get_int);
>
>  static u32 vfs_num;
>  module_param_cb(vfs_num, &vfs_num_ops, &vfs_num, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c
> index 056bd8f4da5a..3d13f2faa3d0 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/sec2/sec_main.c
> @@ -362,10 +362,8 @@ static int sec_pf_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return hisi_qm_q_num_set(val, kp, PCI_DEVICE_ID_HUAWEI_SEC_PF);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops sec_pf_q_num_ops = {
> -       .set = sec_pf_q_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sec_pf_q_num_ops, sec_pf_q_num_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  static u32 pf_q_num = SEC_PF_DEF_Q_NUM;
>  module_param_cb(pf_q_num, &sec_pf_q_num_ops, &pf_q_num, 0444);
> @@ -391,18 +389,13 @@ static int sec_ctx_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_int(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops sec_ctx_q_num_ops = {
> -       .set = sec_ctx_q_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sec_ctx_q_num_ops, sec_ctx_q_num_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>  static u32 ctx_q_num = SEC_CTX_Q_NUM_DEF;
>  module_param_cb(ctx_q_num, &sec_ctx_q_num_ops, &ctx_q_num, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(ctx_q_num, "Queue num in ctx (2 default, 2, 4, ..., 32)");
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vfs_num_ops = {
> -       .set = vfs_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vfs_num_ops, vfs_num_set, param_get_int);
>
>  static u32 vfs_num;
>  module_param_cb(vfs_num, &vfs_num_ops, &vfs_num, 0444);
> @@ -454,10 +447,8 @@ u64 sec_get_alg_bitmap(struct hisi_qm *qm, u32 high, u32 low)
>         return ((u64)cap_val_h << SEC_ALG_BITMAP_SHIFT) | (u64)cap_val_l;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops sec_uacce_mode_ops = {
> -       .set = uacce_mode_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sec_uacce_mode_ops, uacce_mode_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  /*
>   * uacce_mode = 0 means sec only register to crypto,
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c
> index 70adde049b53..8f8d57420fb4 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_crypto.c
> @@ -108,10 +108,7 @@ static int sgl_sge_nr_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_ushort(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops sgl_sge_nr_ops = {
> -       .set = sgl_sge_nr_set,
> -       .get = param_get_ushort,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sgl_sge_nr_ops, sgl_sge_nr_set, param_get_ushort);
>
>  static u16 sgl_sge_nr = HZIP_SGL_SGE_NR;
>  module_param_cb(sgl_sge_nr, &sgl_sge_nr_ops, &sgl_sge_nr, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c
> index 44df9c859bd8..e07d0cf8eca8 100644
> --- a/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c
> +++ b/drivers/crypto/hisilicon/zip/zip_main.c
> @@ -394,10 +394,7 @@ static int perf_mode_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_int(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops zip_com_perf_ops = {
> -       .set = perf_mode_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(zip_com_perf_ops, perf_mode_set, param_get_int);
>
>  /*
>   * perf_mode = 0 means enable high compression rate mode,
> @@ -408,10 +405,8 @@ static u32 perf_mode = HZIP_HIGH_COMP_RATE;
>  module_param_cb(perf_mode, &zip_com_perf_ops, &perf_mode, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(perf_mode, "ZIP high perf mode 0(default), 1(enable)");
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops zip_uacce_mode_ops = {
> -       .set = uacce_mode_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(zip_uacce_mode_ops, uacce_mode_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  /*
>   * uacce_mode = 0 means zip only register to crypto,
> @@ -429,19 +424,13 @@ static int pf_q_num_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return hisi_qm_q_num_set(val, kp, PCI_DEVICE_ID_HUAWEI_ZIP_PF);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops pf_q_num_ops = {
> -       .set = pf_q_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(pf_q_num_ops, pf_q_num_set, param_get_int);
>
>  static u32 pf_q_num = HZIP_PF_DEF_Q_NUM;
>  module_param_cb(pf_q_num, &pf_q_num_ops, &pf_q_num, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(pf_q_num, "Number of queues in PF(v1 2-4096, v2 2-1024)");
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vfs_num_ops = {
> -       .set = vfs_num_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vfs_num_ops, vfs_num_set, param_get_int);
>
>  static u32 vfs_num;
>  module_param_cb(vfs_num, &vfs_num_ops, &vfs_num, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/dma/dmatest.c b/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
> index df38681a1ff4..a7bddadcc52d 100644
> --- a/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
> +++ b/drivers/dma/dmatest.c
> @@ -154,20 +154,15 @@ static struct dmatest_info {
>
>  static int dmatest_run_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int dmatest_run_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops run_ops = {
> -       .set = dmatest_run_set,
> -       .get = dmatest_run_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(run_ops, dmatest_run_set, dmatest_run_get);
>  static bool dmatest_run;
>  module_param_cb(run, &run_ops, &dmatest_run, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(run, "Run the test (default: false)");
>
>  static int dmatest_chan_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int dmatest_chan_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops multi_chan_ops = {
> -       .set = dmatest_chan_set,
> -       .get = dmatest_chan_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multi_chan_ops, dmatest_chan_set,
> +                              dmatest_chan_get);
>
>  static char test_channel[20];
>  static struct kparam_string newchan_kps = {
> @@ -178,9 +173,7 @@ module_param_cb(channel, &multi_chan_ops, &newchan_kps, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(channel, "Bus ID of the channel to test (default: any)");
>
>  static int dmatest_test_list_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops test_list_ops = {
> -       .get = dmatest_test_list_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(test_list_ops, NULL, dmatest_test_list_get);
>  module_param_cb(test_list, &test_list_ops, NULL, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_list, "Print current test list");
>
> @@ -292,10 +285,7 @@ static int dmatest_wait_get(char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_get_bool(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops wait_ops = {
> -       .get = dmatest_wait_get,
> -       .set = param_set_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wait_ops, param_set_bool, dmatest_wait_get);
>  module_param_cb(wait, &wait_ops, &wait, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(wait, "Wait for tests to complete (default: false)");
>
> diff --git a/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c b/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c
> index 63df35444214..ab05e58faaa8 100644
> --- a/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c
> +++ b/drivers/edac/i10nm_base.c
> @@ -1284,10 +1284,8 @@ static int set_decoding_via_mca(const char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops decoding_via_mca_param_ops = {
> -       .set = set_decoding_via_mca,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(decoding_via_mca_param_ops, set_decoding_via_mca,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  module_param_cb(decoding_via_mca, &decoding_via_mca_param_ops, &decoding_via_mca, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(decoding_via_mca, "decoding_via_mca: 0=off(default), 1=enable");
> diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c
> index a253b6144945..fd0f3579fd54 100644
> --- a/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c
> +++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/efi-pstore.c
> @@ -43,10 +43,8 @@ static int efi_pstore_disable_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops pstore_disable_ops = {
> -       .set    = efi_pstore_disable_set,
> -       .get    = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(pstore_disable_ops, efi_pstore_disable_set,
> +                              param_get_bool);
>
>  module_param_cb(pstore_disable, &pstore_disable_ops, &pstore_disable, 0644);
>  __MODULE_PARM_TYPE(pstore_disable, "bool");
> diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
> index 9b06a69d3a6d..ef57df53e087 100644
> --- a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
> +++ b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
> @@ -2725,10 +2725,8 @@ static int set_download_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops download_mode_param_ops = {
> -       .get = get_download_mode,
> -       .set = set_download_mode,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(download_mode_param_ops, set_download_mode,
> +                              get_download_mode);
>
>  module_param_cb(download_mode, &download_mode_param_ops, NULL, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(download_mode, "download mode: off/0/N for no dump mode, full/on/1/Y for full dump mode, mini for minidump mode and full,mini for both full and minidump mode together are acceptable values");
> diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
> index 87a5421bc7d5..c87a5449ba8c 100644
> --- a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
> +++ b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
> @@ -897,10 +897,8 @@ static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops = {
> -       .set = fw_cfg_cmdline_set,
> -       .get = fw_cfg_cmdline_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops, fw_cfg_cmdline_set,
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_get);
>
>  device_param_cb(ioport, &fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
>  device_param_cb(mmio, &fw_cfg_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
> index d6d3b8d85dea..c35d1adf2ce3 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
> @@ -847,10 +847,8 @@ static int drm_panic_type_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                          drm_panic_type_map[drm_panic_type]);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops drm_panic_ops = {
> -       .set = drm_panic_type_set,
> -       .get = drm_panic_type_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(drm_panic_ops, drm_panic_type_set,
> +                              drm_panic_type_get);
>
>  module_param_cb(panic_screen, &drm_panic_ops, NULL, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(panic_screen,
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> index def7302ef7fe..6061eae84e9c 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> @@ -124,10 +124,7 @@ static int mitigations_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return count;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops ops = {
> -       .set = mitigations_set,
> -       .get = mitigations_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ops, mitigations_set, mitigations_get);
>
>  module_param_cb_unsafe(mitigations, &ops, NULL, 0600);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(mitigations,
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c
> index 6193811ef7be..2df7274e21a8 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/pvr_fw_trace.c
> @@ -71,10 +71,8 @@ pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_ops = {
> -       .set = pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_set,
> -       .get = param_get_hexint,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_ops, pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_set,
> +                       param_get_hexint);
>
>  param_check_hexint(init_fw_trace_mask, &pvr_fw_trace_init_mask);
>  module_param_cb(init_fw_trace_mask, &pvr_fw_trace_init_mask_ops, &pvr_fw_trace_init_mask, 0600);
> diff --git a/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c b/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c
> index ad027c45f162..271048bdf7fc 100644
> --- a/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c
> +++ b/drivers/hid/hid-cougar.c
> @@ -314,10 +314,8 @@ static int cougar_param_set_g6_is_space(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops cougar_g6_is_space_ops = {
> -       .set    = cougar_param_set_g6_is_space,
> -       .get    = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cougar_g6_is_space_ops,
> +                              cougar_param_set_g6_is_space, param_get_bool);
>  module_param_cb(g6_is_space, &cougar_g6_is_space_ops, &g6_is_space, 0644);
>
>  static const struct hid_device_id cougar_id_table[] = {
> diff --git a/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c b/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c
> index 197126d6e081..962ed60492ea 100644
> --- a/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c
> +++ b/drivers/hid/hid-steam.c
> @@ -1840,10 +1840,8 @@ static int steam_param_set_lizard_mode(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops steam_lizard_mode_ops = {
> -       .set    = steam_param_set_lizard_mode,
> -       .get    = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(steam_lizard_mode_ops,
> +                              steam_param_set_lizard_mode, param_get_bool);
>
>  module_param_cb(lizard_mode, &steam_lizard_mode_ops, &lizard_mode, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(lizard_mode,
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
> index c7259cc39013..5b9b0b38b419 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
> @@ -42,10 +42,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(cu, "Credit return units");
>  unsigned long hfi1_cap_mask = HFI1_CAP_MASK_DEFAULT;
>  static int hfi1_caps_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int hfi1_caps_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops cap_ops = {
> -       .set = hfi1_caps_set,
> -       .get = hfi1_caps_get
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cap_ops, hfi1_caps_set, hfi1_caps_get);
>  module_param_cb(cap_mask, &cap_ops, &hfi1_cap_mask, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(cap_mask, "Bit mask of enabled/disabled HW features");
>
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c
> index 7df441685780..758e527ca7c4 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/iser/iscsi_iser.c
> @@ -90,10 +90,8 @@ module_param_named(debug_level, iser_debug_level, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_level, "Enable debug tracing if > 0 (default:disabled)");
>
>  static int iscsi_iser_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops iscsi_iser_size_ops = {
> -       .set = iscsi_iser_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(iscsi_iser_size_ops, iscsi_iser_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int iscsi_max_lun = 512;
>  module_param_cb(max_lun, &iscsi_iser_size_ops, &iscsi_max_lun, S_IRUGO);
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c
> index 348005e71891..bd91900a0ebf 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/isert/ib_isert.c
> @@ -30,10 +30,8 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_level, "Enable debug tracing if > 0 (default:0)");
>
>  static int isert_sg_tablesize_set(const char *val,
>                                   const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops sg_tablesize_ops = {
> -       .set = isert_sg_tablesize_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(sg_tablesize_ops, isert_sg_tablesize_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  static int isert_sg_tablesize = ISCSI_ISER_MIN_SG_TABLESIZE;
>  module_param_cb(sg_tablesize, &sg_tablesize_ops, &isert_sg_tablesize, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
> index b58868e1cf11..a81515f52a4f 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
> @@ -195,10 +195,7 @@ static int srp_tmo_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return res;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops srp_tmo_ops = {
> -       .get = srp_tmo_get,
> -       .set = srp_tmo_set,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(srp_tmo_ops, srp_tmo_set, srp_tmo_get);
>
>  static inline struct srp_target_port *host_to_target(struct Scsi_Host *host)
>  {
> diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
> index 8db2dca84975..8b4ef7e163d3 100644
> --- a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
> +++ b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
> @@ -89,19 +89,16 @@ static int ati_remote2_get_mode_mask(char *buffer,
>
>  static unsigned int channel_mask = ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_CHANNEL_MASK;
>  #define param_check_channel_mask(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_channel_mask = {
> -       .set = ati_remote2_set_channel_mask,
> -       .get = ati_remote2_get_channel_mask,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_channel_mask,
> +                              ati_remote2_set_channel_mask,
> +                              ati_remote2_get_channel_mask);
>  module_param(channel_mask, channel_mask, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(channel_mask, "Bitmask of channels to accept <15:Channel16>...<1:Channel2><0:Channel1>");
>
>  static unsigned int mode_mask = ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_MODE_MASK;
>  #define param_check_mode_mask(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_mode_mask = {
> -       .set = ati_remote2_set_mode_mask,
> -       .get = ati_remote2_get_mode_mask,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_mode_mask, ati_remote2_set_mode_mask,
> +                              ati_remote2_get_mode_mask);
>  module_param(mode_mask, mode_mask, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(mode_mask, "Bitmask of modes to accept <4:PC><3:AUX4><2:AUX3><1:AUX2><0:AUX1>");
>
> diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
> index 6ab5f1d96eae..f9ebb1fd0b6f 100644
> --- a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
> +++ b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
> @@ -45,10 +45,8 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
>  static unsigned int psmouse_max_proto = PSMOUSE_AUTO;
>  static int psmouse_set_maxproto(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *);
>  static int psmouse_get_maxproto(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_proto_abbrev = {
> -       .set = psmouse_set_maxproto,
> -       .get = psmouse_get_maxproto,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_proto_abbrev, psmouse_set_maxproto,
> +                              psmouse_get_maxproto);
>  #define param_check_proto_abbrev(name, p)      __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
>  module_param_named(proto, psmouse_max_proto, proto_abbrev, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(proto, "Highest protocol extension to probe (bare, imps, exps, any). Useful for KVM switches.");
> diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
> index 31b4ac3b48c1..2338cab7fef9 100644
> --- a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
> +++ b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
> @@ -2488,10 +2488,8 @@ static int param_set_nodrop(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_bool(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_nodrop = {
> -       .set = param_set_nodrop,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_nodrop, param_set_nodrop,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  param_check_uint(nodrop, &uvc_no_drop_param);
>  module_param_cb(nodrop, &param_ops_nodrop, &uvc_no_drop_param, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c b/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c
> index 21e8ad0a7444..6e40c14be51e 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c
> +++ b/drivers/misc/lis3lv02d/lis3lv02d.c
> @@ -103,10 +103,7 @@ static int param_set_axis(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_axis = {
> -       .set = param_set_axis,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_axis, param_set_axis, param_get_int);
>
>  #define param_check_axis(name, p) param_check_int(name, p)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c
> index d5aec72ecdce..e566d94d5f5c 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/wil6210/main.c
> @@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ static int mtu_max_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops mtu_max_ops = {
> -       .set = mtu_max_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(mtu_max_ops, mtu_max_set, param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(mtu_max, &mtu_max_ops, &mtu_max, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(mtu_max, " Max MTU value.");
> @@ -91,10 +88,7 @@ static int ring_order_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops ring_order_ops = {
> -       .set = ring_order_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ring_order_ops, ring_order_set, param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(rx_ring_order, &ring_order_ops, &rx_ring_order, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(rx_ring_order, " Rx ring order; size = 1 << order");
> diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
> index 263161cb8ac0..f7362377e427 100644
> --- a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
> +++ b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
> @@ -30,10 +30,8 @@ static int multipath_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops multipath_param_ops = {
> -       .set = multipath_param_set,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multipath_param_ops, multipath_param_set,
> +                              param_get_bool);
>
>  module_param_cb(multipath, &multipath_param_ops, &multipath, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(multipath,
> @@ -55,10 +53,8 @@ static int multipath_always_on_set(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops multipath_always_on_ops = {
> -       .set = multipath_always_on_set,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(multipath_always_on_ops, multipath_always_on_set,
> +                              param_get_bool);
>
>  module_param_cb(multipath_always_on, &multipath_always_on_ops,
>                 &multipath_always_on, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c b/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
> index 9fd04cd7c5cb..c77e9b848d03 100644
> --- a/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
> +++ b/drivers/nvme/host/pci.c
> @@ -100,10 +100,8 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(sgl_threshold,
>  #define NVME_PCI_MIN_QUEUE_SIZE 2
>  #define NVME_PCI_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE 4095
>  static int io_queue_depth_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops io_queue_depth_ops = {
> -       .set = io_queue_depth_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(io_queue_depth_ops, io_queue_depth_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int io_queue_depth = 1024;
>  module_param_cb(io_queue_depth, &io_queue_depth_ops, &io_queue_depth, 0644);
> @@ -232,10 +230,8 @@ static int quirks_param_set(const char *value, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>
>  static char quirks_param[128];
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops quirks_param_ops = {
> -       .set = quirks_param_set,
> -       .get = param_get_string,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(quirks_param_ops, quirks_param_set,
> +                              param_get_string);
>
>  static struct kparam_string quirks_param_string = {
>         .maxlen = sizeof(quirks_param),
> @@ -257,10 +253,8 @@ static int io_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_uint(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops io_queue_count_ops = {
> -       .set = io_queue_count_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(io_queue_count_ops, io_queue_count_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int write_queues;
>  module_param_cb(write_queues, &io_queue_count_ops, &write_queues, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c b/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c
> index e6e2c3f9afdf..dc544813300f 100644
> --- a/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c
> +++ b/drivers/nvme/target/rdma.c
> @@ -147,10 +147,7 @@ module_param_named(use_srq, nvmet_rdma_use_srq, bool, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(use_srq, "Use shared receive queue.");
>
>  static int srq_size_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops srq_size_ops = {
> -       .set = srq_size_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(srq_size_ops, srq_size_set, param_get_int);
>
>  static int nvmet_rdma_srq_size = 1024;
>  module_param_cb(srq_size, &srq_size_ops, &nvmet_rdma_srq_size, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c b/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c
> index 164a564ba3b4..2f336cd7e559 100644
> --- a/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c
> +++ b/drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c
> @@ -46,10 +46,7 @@ static int set_params(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_store_val(str, kp->arg, 0, INT_MAX);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops set_param_ops = {
> -       .set    = set_params,
> -       .get    = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(set_param_ops, set_params, param_get_int);
>
>  /* Define the socket priority to use for connections were it is desirable
>   * that the NIC consider performing optimized packet processing or filtering.
> diff --git a/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c b/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c
> index 5ce5ad3efe69..bd59c3f3f2c5 100644
> --- a/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c
> +++ b/drivers/platform/x86/acerhdf.c
> @@ -762,10 +762,7 @@ static int interval_set_uint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops interval_ops = {
> -       .set = interval_set_uint,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(interval_ops, interval_set_uint, param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(interval, &interval_ops, &interval, 0000);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(interval, "Polling interval of temperature check");
> diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c b/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c
> index 45f0e39b8c2d..09829ee1a49d 100644
> --- a/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c
> +++ b/drivers/power/supply/bq27xxx_battery.c
> @@ -1133,10 +1133,8 @@ static int poll_interval_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *k
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_poll_interval = {
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -       .set = poll_interval_param_set,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_poll_interval, poll_interval_param_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int poll_interval = 360;
>  module_param_cb(poll_interval, &param_ops_poll_interval, &poll_interval, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
> index 2c0e9ad820c0..0bf2bef3383a 100644
> --- a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
> +++ b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
> @@ -649,60 +649,47 @@ static int param_set_battery_extension(const char *key,
>
>  #define param_get_battery_extension param_get_bool
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_ac_online = {
> -       .set = param_set_ac_online,
> -       .get = param_get_ac_online,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_ac_online, param_set_ac_online,
> +                              param_get_ac_online);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_usb_online = {
> -       .set = param_set_usb_online,
> -       .get = param_get_usb_online,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_usb_online, param_set_usb_online,
> +                              param_get_usb_online);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_status = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_status,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_status,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_status,
> +                              param_set_battery_status,
> +                              param_get_battery_status);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_present = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_present,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_present,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_present,
> +                              param_set_battery_present,
> +                              param_get_battery_present);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_technology = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_technology,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_technology,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_technology,
> +                              param_set_battery_technology,
> +                              param_get_battery_technology);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_health = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_health,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_health,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_health,
> +                              param_set_battery_health,
> +                              param_get_battery_health);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_capacity = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_capacity,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_capacity,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_capacity,
> +                              param_set_battery_capacity,
> +                              param_get_battery_capacity);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_voltage = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_voltage,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_voltage,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_voltage,
> +                              param_set_battery_voltage,
> +                              param_get_battery_voltage);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_charge_counter = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_charge_counter,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_charge_counter,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_charge_counter,
> +                              param_set_battery_charge_counter,
> +                              param_get_battery_charge_counter);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_current = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_current,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_current,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_current,
> +                              param_set_battery_current,
> +                              param_get_battery_current);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_battery_extension = {
> -       .set = param_set_battery_extension,
> -       .get = param_get_battery_extension,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_battery_extension,
> +                              param_set_battery_extension,
> +                              param_get_battery_extension);
>
>  #define param_check_ac_online(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void);
>  #define param_check_usb_online(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void);
> diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sg.c b/drivers/scsi/sg.c
> index 2b4b2a1a8e44..c075b567f84e 100644
> --- a/drivers/scsi/sg.c
> +++ b/drivers/scsi/sg.c
> @@ -1644,10 +1644,8 @@ static int def_reserved_size_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops def_reserved_size_ops = {
> -       .set    = def_reserved_size_set,
> -       .get    = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(def_reserved_size_ops, def_reserved_size_set,
> +                              param_get_int);
>
>  module_param_cb(def_reserved_size, &def_reserved_size_ops, &def_reserved_size,
>                    S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
> diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
> index edc2afd5f4ee..676a12b44e88 100644
> --- a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
> +++ b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
> @@ -255,10 +255,9 @@ static int tcmu_get_global_max_data_area(char *buffer,
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", TCMU_PAGES_TO_MBS(tcmu_global_max_pages));
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops tcmu_global_max_data_area_op = {
> -       .set = tcmu_set_global_max_data_area,
> -       .get = tcmu_get_global_max_data_area,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(tcmu_global_max_data_area_op,
> +                              tcmu_set_global_max_data_area,
> +                              tcmu_get_global_max_data_area);
>
>  module_param_cb(global_max_data_area_mb, &tcmu_global_max_data_area_op, NULL,
>                 S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
> @@ -292,10 +291,8 @@ static int tcmu_set_block_netlink(const char *str,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops tcmu_block_netlink_op = {
> -       .set = tcmu_set_block_netlink,
> -       .get = tcmu_get_block_netlink,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(tcmu_block_netlink_op, tcmu_set_block_netlink,
> +                              tcmu_get_block_netlink);
>
>  module_param_cb(block_netlink, &tcmu_block_netlink_op, NULL, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(block_netlink, "Block new netlink commands.");
> diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
> index 91f291627132..68275c3f2c9b 100644
> --- a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
> +++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
> @@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ static int slider_def_balance_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_values[SOC_POWER_SLIDER_BALANCE]);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops slider_def_balance_ops = {
> -       .set = slider_def_balance_set,
> -       .get = slider_def_balance_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_def_balance_ops, slider_def_balance_set,
> +                              slider_def_balance_get);
>
>  module_param_cb(slider_balance, &slider_def_balance_ops, NULL, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(slider_balance, "Set slider default value for balance");
> @@ -117,10 +115,8 @@ static int slider_def_offset_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_offset);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops slider_offset_ops = {
> -       .set = slider_def_offset_set,
> -       .get = slider_def_offset_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_offset_ops, slider_def_offset_set,
> +                              slider_def_offset_get);
>
>  /*
>   * To enhance power efficiency dynamically, the firmware can optionally
> diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
> index ccf380da12f2..98fbc6892714 100644
> --- a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
> +++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
> @@ -112,10 +112,7 @@ static int duration_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops duration_ops = {
> -       .set = duration_set,
> -       .get = duration_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(duration_ops, duration_set, duration_get);
>
>  module_param_cb(duration, &duration_ops, NULL, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(duration, "forced idle time for each attempt in msec.");
> @@ -203,10 +200,7 @@ static int cpumask_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return cpumap_print_to_pagebuf(false, buf, idle_injection_cpu_mask);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops cpumask_ops = {
> -       .set = cpumask_set,
> -       .get = cpumask_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cpumask_ops, cpumask_set, cpumask_get);
>
>  module_param_cb(cpumask, &cpumask_ops, NULL, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(cpumask, "Mask of CPUs to use for idle injection.");
> @@ -252,10 +246,7 @@ static int max_idle_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops max_idle_ops = {
> -       .set = max_idle_set,
> -       .get = param_get_byte,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(max_idle_ops, max_idle_set, param_get_byte);
>
>  module_param_cb(max_idle, &max_idle_ops, &max_idle, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(max_idle, "maximum injected idle time to the total CPU time ratio in percent range:1-100");
> @@ -299,10 +290,7 @@ static int window_size_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops window_size_ops = {
> -       .set = window_size_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(window_size_ops, window_size_set, param_get_int);
>
>  module_param_cb(window_size, &window_size_ops, &window_size, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(window_size, "sliding window in number of clamping cycles\n"
> diff --git a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
> index 37db8a3e5158..29612a4a32cb 100644
> --- a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
> +++ b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
> @@ -1290,10 +1290,8 @@ static int param_get_vmidfilter(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>
>  #define param_check_vmidfilter(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_vmidfilter = {
> -       .set = param_set_vmidfilter,
> -       .get = param_get_vmidfilter,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_vmidfilter, param_set_vmidfilter,
> +                              param_get_vmidfilter);
>
>  /**
>   * hvc_iucv_init() - z/VM IUCV HVC device driver initialization
> diff --git a/drivers/tty/sysrq.c b/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
> index c2e4b31b699a..c6279c496279 100644
> --- a/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
> +++ b/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
> @@ -1074,10 +1074,8 @@ static int sysrq_reset_seq_param_set(const char *buffer,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_sysrq_reset_seq = {
> -       .get    = param_get_ushort,
> -       .set    = sysrq_reset_seq_param_set,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_sysrq_reset_seq,
> +                              sysrq_reset_seq_param_set, param_get_ushort);
>
>  #define param_check_sysrq_reset_seq(name, p)   \
>         __param_check(name, p, unsigned short)
> diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
> index 55db38e75cc4..7d2873da7dc5 100644
> --- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
> +++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
> @@ -11,10 +11,7 @@
>  static int ufs_fault_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int ufs_fault_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops ufs_fault_ops = {
> -       .get = ufs_fault_get,
> -       .set = ufs_fault_set,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ufs_fault_ops, ufs_fault_set, ufs_fault_get);
>
>  enum { FAULT_INJ_STR_SIZE = 80 };
>
> diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c
> index c1b1d67a1ddc..83100aad2a97 100644
> --- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c
> +++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-mcq.c
> @@ -43,10 +43,8 @@ static int rw_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                                      num_possible_cpus());
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops rw_queue_count_ops = {
> -       .set = rw_queue_count_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(rw_queue_count_ops, rw_queue_count_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int rw_queues;
>  module_param_cb(rw_queues, &rw_queue_count_ops, &rw_queues, 0644);
> @@ -59,10 +57,8 @@ static int read_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                                      num_possible_cpus());
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops read_queue_count_ops = {
> -       .set = read_queue_count_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(read_queue_count_ops, read_queue_count_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int read_queues;
>  module_param_cb(read_queues, &read_queue_count_ops, &read_queues, 0644);
> @@ -75,10 +71,8 @@ static int poll_queue_count_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                                      num_possible_cpus());
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops poll_queue_count_ops = {
> -       .set = poll_queue_count_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(poll_queue_count_ops, poll_queue_count_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int poll_queues = 1;
>  module_param_cb(poll_queues, &poll_queue_count_ops, &poll_queues, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c
> index b2dc89124353..3bdd87b434ad 100644
> --- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c
> +++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-txeq.c
> @@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ static int txeq_gear_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, UFS_HS_G1, UFS_HS_GEAR_MAX);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops txeq_gear_ops = {
> -       .set = txeq_gear_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(txeq_gear_ops, txeq_gear_set, param_get_uint);
>
>  static unsigned int adaptive_txeq_gear = UFS_HS_G6;
>  module_param_cb(adaptive_txeq_gear, &txeq_gear_ops, &adaptive_txeq_gear, 0644);
> diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c
> index 4805e40ed4d7..4e930710d9a6 100644
> --- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c
> +++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufshcd.c
> @@ -128,10 +128,8 @@ static int uic_cmd_timeout_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                                      UIC_CMD_TIMEOUT_MAX);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops uic_cmd_timeout_ops = {
> -       .set = uic_cmd_timeout_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(uic_cmd_timeout_ops, uic_cmd_timeout_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(uic_cmd_timeout, &uic_cmd_timeout_ops, &uic_cmd_timeout, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(uic_cmd_timeout,
> @@ -145,10 +143,8 @@ static int dev_cmd_timeout_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                                      QUERY_REQ_TIMEOUT_MAX);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops dev_cmd_timeout_ops = {
> -       .set = dev_cmd_timeout_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(dev_cmd_timeout_ops, dev_cmd_timeout_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(dev_cmd_timeout, &dev_cmd_timeout_ops, &dev_cmd_timeout, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(dev_cmd_timeout,
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c b/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c
> index 0ffdaefba508..d52ecc886925 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/core/quirks.c
> @@ -160,10 +160,8 @@ static int quirks_param_set(const char *value, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops quirks_param_ops = {
> -       .set = quirks_param_set,
> -       .get = param_get_string,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(quirks_param_ops, quirks_param_set,
> +                              param_get_string);
>
>  static struct kparam_string quirks_param_string = {
>         .maxlen = sizeof(quirks_param),
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c b/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c
> index 4974bee6049a..e34717e553da 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/serial.c
> @@ -121,10 +121,7 @@ static int enable_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enable_ops = {
> -       .set = enable_set,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enable_ops, enable_set, param_get_bool);
>
>  module_param_cb(enable, &enable_ops, &enable, 0644);
>
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
> index fa83fe0defe2..71dd623b95c9 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
> @@ -158,10 +158,7 @@ static int delay_use_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return format_delay_ms(delay_ms, 3, "ms", s, PAGE_SIZE);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops delay_use_ops = {
> -       .set = delay_use_set,
> -       .get = delay_use_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(delay_use_ops, delay_use_set, delay_use_get);
>  module_param_cb(delay_use, &delay_use_ops, &delay_use, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(delay_use, "time to delay before using a new device");
>
> diff --git a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
> index 9a1253b9d8c5..fd52f2213e27 100644
> --- a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
> +++ b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
> @@ -87,10 +87,9 @@ static int vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt(char *buf,
>         return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op = {
> -       .get = vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt,
> -       .set = vhost_scsi_set_inline_sg_cnt,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op,
> +                              vhost_scsi_set_inline_sg_cnt,
> +                              vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt);
>
>  module_param_cb(inline_sg_cnt, &vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op, NULL, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(inline_sg_cnt, "Set the number of scatterlist entries to pre-allocate. The default is 2048.");
> diff --git a/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c b/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c
> index c91300a73f50..218ddd93f960 100644
> --- a/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c
> +++ b/drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/ne_misc_dev.c
> @@ -86,10 +86,8 @@ struct ne_devs ne_devs = {
>   */
>  static int ne_set_kernel_param(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops ne_cpu_pool_ops = {
> -       .get    = param_get_string,
> -       .set    = ne_set_kernel_param,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ne_cpu_pool_ops, ne_set_kernel_param,
> +                              param_get_string);
>
>  static char ne_cpus[NE_CPUS_SIZE];
>  static struct kparam_string ne_cpus_arg = {
> diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
> index 595c2274fbb5..f6df9c76ee81 100644
> --- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
> +++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
> @@ -748,10 +748,8 @@ static int vm_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return strlen(buffer) + 1;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops vm_cmdline_param_ops = {
> -       .set = vm_cmdline_set,
> -       .get = vm_cmdline_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vm_cmdline_param_ops, vm_cmdline_set,
> +                              vm_cmdline_get);
>
>  device_param_cb(device, &vm_cmdline_param_ops, NULL, S_IRUSR);
>
> diff --git a/fs/ceph/super.c b/fs/ceph/super.c
> index c05fbd4237f8..dec8024b8ac7 100644
> --- a/fs/ceph/super.c
> +++ b/fs/ceph/super.c
> @@ -1684,10 +1684,8 @@ static int param_set_metrics(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_metrics = {
> -       .set = param_set_metrics,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_metrics, param_set_metrics,
> +                              param_get_bool);
>
>  bool disable_send_metrics = false;
>  module_param_cb(disable_send_metrics, &param_ops_metrics, &disable_send_metrics, 0644);
> @@ -1695,9 +1693,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(disable_send_metrics, "Enable sending perf metrics to ceph clus
>
>  /* for both v1 and v2 syntax */
>  static bool mount_support = true;
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_mount_syntax = {
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_mount_syntax, NULL, param_get_bool);
>  module_param_cb(mount_syntax_v1, &param_ops_mount_syntax, &mount_support, 0444);
>  module_param_cb(mount_syntax_v2, &param_ops_mount_syntax, &mount_support, 0444);
>
> diff --git a/fs/fuse/dir.c b/fs/fuse/dir.c
> index b658b6baf72f..cc955c9952d1 100644
> --- a/fs/fuse/dir.c
> +++ b/fs/fuse/dir.c
> @@ -71,10 +71,7 @@ static int inval_wq_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>
>         return 0;
>  }
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops inval_wq_ops = {
> -       .set = inval_wq_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(inval_wq_ops, inval_wq_set, param_get_uint);
>  module_param_cb(inval_wq, &inval_wq_ops, &inval_wq, 0644);
>  __MODULE_PARM_TYPE(inval_wq, "uint");
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(inval_wq,
> diff --git a/fs/nfs/namespace.c b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
> index af9be0c5f516..f2fba60dc5ed 100644
> --- a/fs/nfs/namespace.c
> +++ b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
> @@ -372,10 +372,8 @@ static int param_get_nfs_timeout(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%li\n", num);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_nfs_timeout = {
> -       .set = param_set_nfs_timeout,
> -       .get = param_get_nfs_timeout,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_nfs_timeout, param_set_nfs_timeout,
> +                              param_get_nfs_timeout);
>  #define param_check_nfs_timeout(name, p) __param_check(name, p, int)
>
>  module_param(nfs_mountpoint_expiry_timeout, nfs_timeout, 0644);
> diff --git a/fs/nfs/super.c b/fs/nfs/super.c
> index 4cd420b14ce3..59d89a18aba6 100644
> --- a/fs/nfs/super.c
> +++ b/fs/nfs/super.c
> @@ -1419,10 +1419,8 @@ static int param_set_portnr(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         *((unsigned int *)kp->arg) = num;
>         return 0;
>  }
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_portnr = {
> -       .set = param_set_portnr,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_portnr, param_set_portnr,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>  #define param_check_portnr(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
>
>  module_param_named(callback_tcpport, nfs_callback_set_tcpport, portnr, 0644);
> diff --git a/fs/ubifs/super.c b/fs/ubifs/super.c
> index 9a77d8b64ffa..e44f8e18f756 100644
> --- a/fs/ubifs/super.c
> +++ b/fs/ubifs/super.c
> @@ -36,10 +36,8 @@ static int ubifs_default_version_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param
>         return param_set_int(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops ubifs_default_version_ops = {
> -       .set = ubifs_default_version_set,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ubifs_default_version_ops,
> +                              ubifs_default_version_set, param_get_int);
>
>  int ubifs_default_version = UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION;
>  module_param_cb(default_version, &ubifs_default_version_ops, &ubifs_default_version, 0600);
> diff --git a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
> index e618bcf75e2d..38ae3b596ef2 100644
> --- a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
> +++ b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
> @@ -98,10 +98,8 @@ static bool cpumask_nonempty(cpumask_var_t mask)
>         return cpumask_available(mask) && !cpumask_empty(mask);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops lt_bind_ops = {
> -       .set = param_set_cpumask,
> -       .get = param_get_cpumask,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(lt_bind_ops, param_set_cpumask,
> +                              param_get_cpumask);
>
>  module_param_cb(bind_readers, &lt_bind_ops, &bind_readers, 0444);
>  module_param_cb(bind_writers, &lt_bind_ops, &bind_writers, 0444);
> diff --git a/kernel/panic.c b/kernel/panic.c
> index 42e5ebde4585..8698374b0d21 100644
> --- a/kernel/panic.c
> +++ b/kernel/panic.c
> @@ -1214,10 +1214,8 @@ static int panic_print_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return  param_set_ulong(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops panic_print_ops = {
> -       .set    = panic_print_set,
> -       .get    = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(panic_print_ops, panic_print_set,
> +                              param_get_ulong);
>  __core_param_cb(panic_print, &panic_print_ops, &panic_print, 0644);
>
>  static int __init oops_setup(char *s)
> diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
> index 2cbad1f4dd06..e19fff2926bc 100644
> --- a/kernel/params.c
> +++ b/kernel/params.c
> @@ -297,11 +297,8 @@ void param_free_charp(void *arg)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_free_charp);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_charp = {
> -       .set = param_set_charp,
> -       .get = param_get_charp,
> -       .free = param_free_charp,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(param_ops_charp, param_set_charp, param_get_charp,
> +                            param_free_charp);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_charp);
>
>  /* Actually could be a bool or an int, for historical reasons. */
> @@ -322,11 +319,7 @@ int param_get_bool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_bool);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bool = {
> -       .flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
> -       .set = param_set_bool,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_bool, param_set_bool, param_get_bool);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_bool);
>
>  int param_set_bool_enable_only(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -353,11 +346,8 @@ int param_set_bool_enable_only(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(param_set_bool_enable_only);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bool_enable_only = {
> -       .flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
> -       .set = param_set_bool_enable_only,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_bool_enable_only,
> +                             param_set_bool_enable_only, param_get_bool);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(param_ops_bool_enable_only);
>
>  /* This one must be bool. */
> @@ -381,10 +371,7 @@ int param_get_invbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_invbool);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_invbool = {
> -       .set = param_set_invbool,
> -       .get = param_get_invbool,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_invbool, param_set_invbool, param_get_invbool);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_invbool);
>
>  int param_set_bint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -403,11 +390,7 @@ int param_set_bint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_bint);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_bint = {
> -       .flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
> -       .set = param_set_bint,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_bint, param_set_bint, param_get_int);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_bint);
>
>  /* We break the rule and mangle the string. */
> @@ -515,11 +498,8 @@ static void param_array_free(void *arg)
>                         arr->ops->free(arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i);
>  }
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_array_ops = {
> -       .set = param_array_set,
> -       .get = param_array_get,
> -       .free = param_array_free,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(param_array_ops, param_array_set, param_array_get,
> +                            param_array_free);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_array_ops);
>
>  int param_set_copystring(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -544,10 +524,8 @@ int param_get_string(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_string);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_string = {
> -       .set = param_set_copystring,
> -       .get = param_get_string,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_string, param_set_copystring,
> +                       param_get_string);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_string);
>
>  /* sysfs output in /sys/modules/XYZ/parameters/ */
> diff --git a/kernel/power/hibernate.c b/kernel/power/hibernate.c
> index af8d07bafe02..aba1e4489447 100644
> --- a/kernel/power/hibernate.c
> +++ b/kernel/power/hibernate.c
> @@ -1528,10 +1528,8 @@ static int hibernate_compressor_param_set(const char *compressor,
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops hibernate_compressor_param_ops = {
> -       .set    = hibernate_compressor_param_set,
> -       .get    = param_get_string,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(hibernate_compressor_param_ops,
> +                              hibernate_compressor_param_set, param_get_string);
>
>  static struct kparam_string hibernate_compressor_param_string = {
>         .maxlen = sizeof(hibernate_compressor),
> diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> index 55df6d37145e..e675d7f1b4ee 100644
> --- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> +++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> @@ -498,15 +498,11 @@ static int param_set_next_fqs_jiffies(const char *val, const struct kernel_param
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops first_fqs_jiffies_ops = {
> -       .set = param_set_first_fqs_jiffies,
> -       .get = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(first_fqs_jiffies_ops,
> +                              param_set_first_fqs_jiffies, param_get_ulong);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops next_fqs_jiffies_ops = {
> -       .set = param_set_next_fqs_jiffies,
> -       .get = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(next_fqs_jiffies_ops, param_set_next_fqs_jiffies,
> +                              param_get_ulong);
>
>  module_param_cb(jiffies_till_first_fqs, &first_fqs_jiffies_ops, &jiffies_till_first_fqs, 0644);
>  module_param_cb(jiffies_till_next_fqs, &next_fqs_jiffies_ops, &jiffies_till_next_fqs, 0644);
> @@ -3979,10 +3975,8 @@ static int param_get_do_rcu_barrier(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", atomic_read((atomic_t *)kp->arg));
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops do_rcu_barrier_ops = {
> -       .set = param_set_do_rcu_barrier,
> -       .get = param_get_do_rcu_barrier,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(do_rcu_barrier_ops, param_set_do_rcu_barrier,
> +                              param_get_do_rcu_barrier);
>  static atomic_t do_rcu_barrier;
>  module_param_cb(do_rcu_barrier, &do_rcu_barrier_ops, &do_rcu_barrier, 0644);
>
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/ext.c b/kernel/sched/ext.c
> index 345aa11b84b2..fcf31e3e4965 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/ext.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/ext.c
> @@ -166,20 +166,15 @@ static int set_slice_us(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 100, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops slice_us_param_ops = {
> -       .set = set_slice_us,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slice_us_param_ops, set_slice_us, param_get_uint);
>
>  static int set_bypass_lb_intv_us(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 0, 10 * USEC_PER_SEC);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops bypass_lb_intv_us_param_ops = {
> -       .set = set_bypass_lb_intv_us,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(bypass_lb_intv_us_param_ops,
> +                              set_bypass_lb_intv_us, param_get_uint);
>
>  #undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
>  #define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX    "sched_ext."
> diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
> index 5f747f241a5f..42562b811d94 100644
> --- a/kernel/workqueue.c
> +++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
> @@ -7162,10 +7162,8 @@ static int wq_affn_dfl_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", wq_affn_names[wq_affn_dfl]);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops wq_affn_dfl_ops = {
> -       .set    = wq_affn_dfl_set,
> -       .get    = wq_affn_dfl_get,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wq_affn_dfl_ops, wq_affn_dfl_set,
> +                              wq_affn_dfl_get);
>
>  module_param_cb(default_affinity_scope, &wq_affn_dfl_ops, NULL, 0644);
>
> @@ -7861,10 +7859,8 @@ static int wq_watchdog_param_set_thresh(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops wq_watchdog_thresh_ops = {
> -       .set    = wq_watchdog_param_set_thresh,
> -       .get    = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wq_watchdog_thresh_ops,
> +                              wq_watchdog_param_set_thresh, param_get_ulong);
>
>  module_param_cb(watchdog_thresh, &wq_watchdog_thresh_ops, &wq_watchdog_thresh,
>                 0644);
> diff --git a/lib/dynamic_debug.c b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
> index 18a71a9108d3..cf0405ba0dbd 100644
> --- a/lib/dynamic_debug.c
> +++ b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
> @@ -807,10 +807,8 @@ int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_get_dyndbg_classes);
>
> -const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_dyndbg_classes = {
> -       .set = param_set_dyndbg_classes,
> -       .get = param_get_dyndbg_classes,
> -};
> +DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_dyndbg_classes, param_set_dyndbg_classes,
> +                       param_get_dyndbg_classes);
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_ops_dyndbg_classes);
>
>  #define PREFIX_SIZE 128
> diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
> index 77c2a669b6af..30880b6c726a 100644
> --- a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
> +++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
> @@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ static int param_get_do_prints(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         do_prints();
>         return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "did do_prints\n");
>  }
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_do_prints = {
> -       .set = param_set_do_prints,
> -       .get = param_get_do_prints,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_do_prints, param_set_do_prints,
> +                              param_get_do_prints);
>  module_param_cb(do_prints, &param_ops_do_prints, NULL, 0600);
>
>  /*
> diff --git a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
> index 8494040b1ee4..5feb93c5262e 100644
> --- a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
> +++ b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
> @@ -405,10 +405,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_addr_unit_store(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops addr_unit_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_lru_sort_addr_unit_store,
> -       .get = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(addr_unit_param_ops,
> +                              damon_lru_sort_addr_unit_store, param_get_ulong);
>
>  module_param_cb(addr_unit, &addr_unit_param_ops, &addr_unit, 0600);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(addr_unit,
> @@ -446,10 +444,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_load(char *buffer,
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_lru_sort_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_lru_sort_enabled_store,
> -       .get = damon_lru_sort_enabled_load,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_lru_sort_enabled_store,
> +                              damon_lru_sort_enabled_load);
>
>  module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(enabled,
> @@ -478,10 +474,9 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops kdamond_pid_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_store,
> -       .get = damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
> +                              damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_store,
> +                              damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load);
>
>  /*
>   * PID of the DAMON thread
> diff --git a/mm/damon/reclaim.c b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
> index fe7fce26cf6c..27e772b095fa 100644
> --- a/mm/damon/reclaim.c
> +++ b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
> @@ -307,10 +307,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_addr_unit_store(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops addr_unit_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_reclaim_addr_unit_store,
> -       .get = param_get_ulong,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(addr_unit_param_ops,
> +                              damon_reclaim_addr_unit_store, param_get_ulong);
>
>  module_param_cb(addr_unit, &addr_unit_param_ops, &addr_unit, 0600);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(addr_unit,
> @@ -348,10 +346,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_enabled_load(char *buffer,
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_reclaim_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_reclaim_enabled_store,
> -       .get = damon_reclaim_enabled_load,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_reclaim_enabled_store,
> +                              damon_reclaim_enabled_load);
>
>  module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(enabled,
> @@ -380,10 +376,9 @@ static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops kdamond_pid_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_store,
> -       .get = damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
> +                              damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_store,
> +                              damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load);
>
>  /*
>   * PID of the DAMON thread
> diff --git a/mm/damon/stat.c b/mm/damon/stat.c
> index 3951b762cbdd..6eb548793802 100644
> --- a/mm/damon/stat.c
> +++ b/mm/damon/stat.c
> @@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ static int damon_stat_enabled_store(
>  static int damon_stat_enabled_load(char *buffer,
>                 const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_stat_enabled_store,
> -       .get = damon_stat_enabled_load,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_stat_enabled_store,
> +                              damon_stat_enabled_load);
>
>  static bool enabled __read_mostly = IS_ENABLED(
>         CONFIG_DAMON_STAT_ENABLED_DEFAULT);
> diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> index 2a943ec57c85..42e0cf313281 100644
> --- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> +++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> @@ -109,10 +109,8 @@ static int get_memmap_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", mode ? 'Y' : 'N');
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops memmap_mode_ops = {
> -       .set = set_memmap_mode,
> -       .get = get_memmap_mode,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(memmap_mode_ops, set_memmap_mode,
> +                              get_memmap_mode);
>  module_param_cb(memmap_on_memory, &memmap_mode_ops, &memmap_mode, 0444);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(memmap_on_memory, "Enable memmap on memory for memory hotplug\n"
>                  "With value \"force\" it could result in memory wastage due "
> @@ -163,10 +161,8 @@ static int get_online_policy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>   *                 (auto_movable_ratio, auto_movable_numa_aware) allows for it
>   */
>  static int online_policy __read_mostly = ONLINE_POLICY_CONTIG_ZONES;
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops online_policy_ops = {
> -       .set = set_online_policy,
> -       .get = get_online_policy,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(online_policy_ops, set_online_policy,
> +                              get_online_policy);
>  module_param_cb(online_policy, &online_policy_ops, &online_policy, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(online_policy,
>                 "Set the online policy (\"contig-zones\", \"auto-movable\") "
> diff --git a/mm/page_reporting.c b/mm/page_reporting.c
> index 7418f2e500bb..61351e12b4d9 100644
> --- a/mm/page_reporting.c
> +++ b/mm/page_reporting.c
> @@ -23,15 +23,8 @@ static int page_order_update_notify(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *
>         return  param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 0, MAX_PAGE_ORDER);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops page_reporting_param_ops = {
> -       .set = &page_order_update_notify,
> -       /*
> -        * For the get op, use param_get_int instead of param_get_uint.
> -        * This is to make sure that when unset the initialized value of
> -        * -1 is shown correctly
> -        */
> -       .get = &param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(page_reporting_param_ops,
> +                              &page_order_update_notify, &param_get_int);
>
>  module_param_cb(page_reporting_order, &page_reporting_param_ops,
>                         &page_reporting_order, 0644);
> diff --git a/mm/shuffle.c b/mm/shuffle.c
> index fb1393b8b3a9..114fe7467516 100644
> --- a/mm/shuffle.c
> +++ b/mm/shuffle.c
> @@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ static __meminit int shuffle_param_set(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops shuffle_param_ops = {
> -       .set = shuffle_param_set,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(shuffle_param_ops, shuffle_param_set,
> +                              param_get_bool);
>  module_param_cb(shuffle, &shuffle_param_ops, &shuffle_param, 0400);
>
>  /*
> diff --git a/mm/zswap.c b/mm/zswap.c
> index 4b5149173b0e..ed3aa07c2f1d 100644
> --- a/mm/zswap.c
> +++ b/mm/zswap.c
> @@ -90,21 +90,17 @@ static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE(CONFIG_ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON, zswap_ever_enabled);
>  static bool zswap_enabled = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON);
>  static int zswap_enabled_param_set(const char *,
>                                    const struct kernel_param *);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops zswap_enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set =          zswap_enabled_param_set,
> -       .get =          param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(zswap_enabled_param_ops, zswap_enabled_param_set,
> +                              param_get_bool);
>  module_param_cb(enabled, &zswap_enabled_param_ops, &zswap_enabled, 0644);
>
>  /* Crypto compressor to use */
>  static char *zswap_compressor = CONFIG_ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT;
>  static int zswap_compressor_param_set(const char *,
>                                       const struct kernel_param *);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops zswap_compressor_param_ops = {
> -       .set =          zswap_compressor_param_set,
> -       .get =          param_get_charp,
> -       .free =         param_free_charp,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(zswap_compressor_param_ops,
> +                                   zswap_compressor_param_set, param_get_charp,
> +                                   param_free_charp);
>  module_param_cb(compressor, &zswap_compressor_param_ops,
>                 &zswap_compressor, 0644);
>
> diff --git a/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c b/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c
> index 49e5861b58ec..54d66a948298 100644
> --- a/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c
> +++ b/net/batman-adv/bat_algo.c
> @@ -134,10 +134,8 @@ static int batadv_param_set_ra(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_copystring(algo_name, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops batadv_param_ops_ra = {
> -       .set = batadv_param_set_ra,
> -       .get = param_get_string,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(batadv_param_ops_ra, batadv_param_set_ra,
> +                              param_get_string);
>
>  static struct kparam_string batadv_param_string_ra = {
>         .maxlen = sizeof(batadv_routing_algo),
> diff --git a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
> index 952121849180..633202a99e4a 100644
> --- a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
> +++ b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
> @@ -52,9 +52,8 @@ static int param_get_supported_features(char *buffer,
>  {
>         return sprintf(buffer, "0x%llx", CEPH_FEATURES_SUPPORTED_DEFAULT);
>  }
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_supported_features = {
> -       .get = param_get_supported_features,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_supported_features, NULL,
> +                              param_get_supported_features);
>  module_param_cb(supported_features, &param_ops_supported_features, NULL,
>                 0444);
>
> diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c
> index 274e628e7cf8..2c9c3d0f3c3d 100644
> --- a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c
> +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c
> @@ -64,10 +64,8 @@ static int dctcp_shift_g_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return param_set_uint_minmax(val, kp, 0, 10);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops dctcp_shift_g_ops = {
> -       .set = dctcp_shift_g_set,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(dctcp_shift_g_ops, dctcp_shift_g_set,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  module_param_cb(dctcp_shift_g, &dctcp_shift_g_ops, &dctcp_shift_g, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(dctcp_shift_g, "parameter g for updating dctcp_alpha");
> diff --git a/net/sunrpc/auth.c b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
> index 68c0595ea2fd..64a3e894fd4c 100644
> --- a/net/sunrpc/auth.c
> +++ b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
> @@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ static int param_get_hashtbl_sz(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>
>  #define param_check_hashtbl_sz(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_hashtbl_sz = {
> -       .set = param_set_hashtbl_sz,
> -       .get = param_get_hashtbl_sz,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_hashtbl_sz, param_set_hashtbl_sz,
> +                              param_get_hashtbl_sz);
>
>  module_param_named(auth_hashtable_size, auth_hashbits, hashtbl_sz, 0644);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(auth_hashtable_size, "RPC credential cache hashtable size");
> diff --git a/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c b/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c
> index 2e1fe6013361..e8d087798994 100644
> --- a/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c
> +++ b/net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c
> @@ -3710,10 +3710,8 @@ static int param_set_portnr(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                         RPC_MAX_RESVPORT);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_portnr = {
> -       .set = param_set_portnr,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_portnr, param_set_portnr,
> +                              param_get_uint);
>
>  #define param_check_portnr(name, p) \
>         __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
> @@ -3729,10 +3727,8 @@ static int param_set_slot_table_size(const char *val,
>                         RPC_MAX_SLOT_TABLE);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_slot_table_size = {
> -       .set = param_set_slot_table_size,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_slot_table_size,
> +                              param_set_slot_table_size, param_get_uint);
>
>  #define param_check_slot_table_size(name, p) \
>         __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
> @@ -3745,10 +3741,8 @@ static int param_set_max_slot_table_size(const char *val,
>                         RPC_MAX_SLOT_TABLE_LIMIT);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_max_slot_table_size = {
> -       .set = param_set_max_slot_table_size,
> -       .get = param_get_uint,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_max_slot_table_size,
> +                              param_set_max_slot_table_size, param_get_uint);
>
>  #define param_check_max_slot_table_size(name, p) \
>         __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
> diff --git a/samples/damon/mtier.c b/samples/damon/mtier.c
> index 775838a23d93..c8018a7ea891 100644
> --- a/samples/damon/mtier.c
> +++ b/samples/damon/mtier.c
> @@ -38,10 +38,8 @@ module_param(node0_mem_free_bp, ulong, 0600);
>  static int damon_sample_mtier_enable_store(
>                 const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_sample_mtier_enable_store,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops,
> +                              damon_sample_mtier_enable_store, param_get_bool);
>
>  static bool enabled __read_mostly;
>  module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
> diff --git a/samples/damon/prcl.c b/samples/damon/prcl.c
> index b7c50f2656ce..7cab9bd0f7bd 100644
> --- a/samples/damon/prcl.c
> +++ b/samples/damon/prcl.c
> @@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ module_param(target_pid, int, 0600);
>  static int damon_sample_prcl_enable_store(
>                 const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_sample_prcl_enable_store,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops,
> +                              damon_sample_prcl_enable_store, param_get_bool);
>
>  static bool enabled __read_mostly;
>  module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
> diff --git a/samples/damon/wsse.c b/samples/damon/wsse.c
> index 799ad4443943..56634853bd0b 100644
> --- a/samples/damon/wsse.c
> +++ b/samples/damon/wsse.c
> @@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ module_param(target_pid, int, 0600);
>  static int damon_sample_wsse_enable_store(
>                 const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops enabled_param_ops = {
> -       .set = damon_sample_wsse_enable_store,
> -       .get = param_get_bool,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops,
> +                              damon_sample_wsse_enable_store, param_get_bool);
>
>  static bool enabled __read_mostly;
>  module_param_cb(enabled, &enabled_param_ops, &enabled, 0600);
> diff --git a/security/apparmor/lsm.c b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
> index 3491e9f60194..8a253c743363 100644
> --- a/security/apparmor/lsm.c
> +++ b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
> @@ -1767,38 +1767,30 @@ static struct security_hook_list apparmor_hooks[] __ro_after_init = {
>  static int param_set_aabool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_get_aabool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  #define param_check_aabool param_check_bool
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aabool = {
> -       .flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
> -       .set = param_set_aabool,
> -       .get = param_get_aabool
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_aabool, param_set_aabool,
> +                                    param_get_aabool);
>
>  static int param_set_aauint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_get_aauint(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  #define param_check_aauint param_check_uint
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aauint = {
> -       .set = param_set_aauint,
> -       .get = param_get_aauint
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aauint, param_set_aauint,
> +                              param_get_aauint);
>
>  static int param_set_aacompressionlevel(const char *val,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_get_aacompressionlevel(char *buffer,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  #define param_check_aacompressionlevel param_check_int
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aacompressionlevel = {
> -       .set = param_set_aacompressionlevel,
> -       .get = param_get_aacompressionlevel
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aacompressionlevel,
> +                              param_set_aacompressionlevel,
> +                              param_get_aacompressionlevel);
>
>  static int param_set_aalockpolicy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_get_aalockpolicy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  #define param_check_aalockpolicy param_check_bool
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aalockpolicy = {
> -       .flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,
> -       .set = param_set_aalockpolicy,
> -       .get = param_get_aalockpolicy
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(param_ops_aalockpolicy,
> +                                    param_set_aalockpolicy,
> +                                    param_get_aalockpolicy);
>
>  static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_get_debug(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> @@ -1879,10 +1871,8 @@ module_param_named(paranoid_load, aa_g_paranoid_load, aabool, S_IRUGO);
>  static int param_get_aaintbool(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_set_aaintbool(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  #define param_check_aaintbool param_check_int
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_aaintbool = {
> -       .set = param_set_aaintbool,
> -       .get = param_get_aaintbool
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_aaintbool, param_set_aaintbool,
> +                              param_get_aaintbool);
>  /* Boot time disable flag */
>  static int apparmor_enabled __ro_after_init = 1;
>  module_param_named(enabled, apparmor_enabled, aaintbool, 0444);
> diff --git a/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c b/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c
> index c87d75dbd8aa..02bd61e67902 100644
> --- a/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c
> +++ b/sound/hda/controllers/intel.c
> @@ -164,10 +164,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(ctl_dev_id, "Use control device identifier (based on codec addr
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_PM
>  static int param_set_xint(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_xint = {
> -       .set = param_set_xint,
> -       .get = param_get_int,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_xint, param_set_xint, param_get_int);
>  #define param_check_xint param_check_int
>
>  static int power_save = CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE_DEFAULT;
> diff --git a/sound/usb/card.c b/sound/usb/card.c
> index f42d72cd0378..34cbb9d72315 100644
> --- a/sound/usb/card.c
> +++ b/sound/usb/card.c
> @@ -118,11 +118,8 @@ static int param_set_quirkp(const char *val,
>         return param_set_charp(val, kp);
>  }
>
> -static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_quirkp = {
> -       .set = param_set_quirkp,
> -       .get = param_get_charp,
> -       .free = param_free_charp,
> -};
> +static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(param_ops_quirkp, param_set_quirkp,
> +                                   param_get_charp, param_free_charp);
>
>  #define param_check_quirkp param_check_charp
>
> --
> 2.34.1
>


From rafael at kernel.org  Fri May 22 10:03:20 2026
From: rafael at kernel.org (Rafael J. Wysocki)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 19:03:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get
 callbacks to seq_buf via cocci
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-9-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org> <20260521133326.2465264-9-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <CAJZ5v0iEi9NQ3GxM_zap5v2G6NKB+WiAodjp1qwVQoCH=_ruzg@mail.gmail.com>

On Thu, May 21, 2026 at 3:33?PM Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:
>
> Using the following Coccinelle script, convert struct kernel_param_ops
> .get callbacks from "char *" to "struct seq_buf *" when the only write
> to the buffer is via a final call of scnprintf(), snprintf(), sprintf(),
> or sysfs_emit().
>
> Since seq_buf_printf() will return -1 on overflow, and struct
> kernel_param_ops .get callbacks are expected to truncate without error,
> we must ignore the return value from seq_buf_print() and always return 0
> (as the length is calculated in the common dispatcher code).
>
> @@
> identifier FN, BUF, KP;
> expression FMT;
> expression list ARGS;
> @@
>  int FN(
> -               char *BUF
> +               struct seq_buf *BUF
>                 , const struct kernel_param *KP)
>  {
>         ... when any
> (
> -       return scnprintf(BUF, PAGE_SIZE, FMT, ARGS);
> |
> -       return snprintf(BUF, PAGE_SIZE, FMT, ARGS);
> |
> -       return sprintf(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
> |
> -       return sysfs_emit(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
> )
> +       seq_buf_printf(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
> No struct kernel_param_ops initializations need changing since
> DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS already routes the pointer to .get or .get_str
> via _Generic based on the function signature, so converted callbacks
> are automatically moved from the .get_str to the .get callback.
>
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>

For ACPI:

Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki (Intel) <rafael at kernel.org>

> ---
>  arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c               |  6 ++-
>  arch/x86/kernel/msr.c                         |  5 +-
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c                        | 18 ++++---
>  arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c                 | 12 +++--
>  drivers/acpi/ec.c                             | 14 ++++--
>  drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                          |  6 ++-
>  drivers/block/ublk_drv.c                      |  5 +-
>  drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c           |  6 ++-
>  drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c              | 12 +++--
>  drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c                   |  7 +--
>  drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c           |  7 +--
>  drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c         |  5 +-
>  drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c              | 10 ++--
>  drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c            |  9 ++--
>  drivers/md/md.c                               |  5 +-
>  drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c        |  6 ++-
>  drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c                 |  5 +-
>  drivers/power/supply/test_power.c             | 47 +++++++++++--------
>  drivers/target/target_core_user.c             | 12 +++--
>  .../processor_thermal_soc_slider.c            | 12 +++--
>  drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c        |  7 +--
>  drivers/vhost/scsi.c                          |  5 +-
>  fs/nfs/namespace.c                            |  6 ++-
>  fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c                        |  5 +-
>  fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c                        |  5 +-
>  kernel/locking/locktorture.c                  |  6 ++-
>  kernel/rcu/tree.c                             |  6 ++-
>  kernel/workqueue.c                            |  6 ++-
>  lib/test_dynamic_debug.c                      |  6 ++-
>  mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           | 14 +++---
>  mm/damon/reclaim.c                            | 14 +++---
>  mm/damon/stat.c                               | 10 ++--
>  mm/memory_hotplug.c                           | 18 ++++---
>  net/ceph/ceph_common.c                        |  5 +-
>  net/sunrpc/auth.c                             |  6 ++-
>  net/sunrpc/svc.c                              |  5 +-
>  security/apparmor/lsm.c                       | 16 ++++---
>  37 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
> index 76119542562b..75b0d441d238 100644
> --- a/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
> +++ b/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c
> @@ -1991,11 +1991,13 @@ static int s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
>         return cpusf_pmu_setup(cpu, PMC_RELEASE);
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_sfb_size(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_sfb_size(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                             const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         if (!cpum_sf_avail())
>                 return -ENODEV;
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%lu,%lu", CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%lu,%lu", CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_sfb_size(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
> index 5f4e1814dc4d..9f07f66c3cfc 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
> @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ static int set_allow_writes(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *cp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int get_allow_writes(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int get_allow_writes(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         const char *res;
>
> @@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ static int get_allow_writes(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         default: res = "default"; break;
>         }
>
> -       return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", res);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s\n", res);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(allow_writes_ops, set_allow_writes,
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> index 07f4c7209ac0..00317774a90b 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
> @@ -368,12 +368,16 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(struct seq_buf *s,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param)))
> -               return sysfs_emit(s, "???\n");
> +       if (WARN_ON_ONCE(l1tf_vmx_mitigation >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmentry_l1d_param))) {
> +               seq_buf_printf(s, "???\n");
> +               return 0;
> +       }
>
> -       return sysfs_emit(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
> +       seq_buf_printf(s, "%s\n", vmentry_l1d_param[l1tf_vmx_mitigation].option);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  /*
> @@ -459,9 +463,11 @@ static int vmentry_l1d_flush_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         pr_warn_once("Kernel compiled without mitigations, ignoring vmentry_l1d_flush\n");
>         return 0;
>  }
> -static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int vmentry_l1d_flush_get(struct seq_buf *s,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sysfs_emit(s, "never\n");
> +       seq_buf_printf(s, "never\n");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>  #endif
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
> index a7ac80b5f8d9..c401369efe22 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/platform/uv/uv_nmi.c
> @@ -111,9 +111,11 @@ module_param_named(dump_loglevel, uv_nmi_loglevel, int, 0644);
>   * The following values show statistics on how perf events are affecting
>   * this system.
>   */
> -static int param_get_local64(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_local64(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                            const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%lu\n", local64_read((local64_t *)kp->arg));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%lu\n", local64_read((local64_t *)kp->arg));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_local64(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -207,9 +209,11 @@ static const char * const actions_desc[nmi_act_max] = {
>
>  static enum action_t uv_nmi_action = nmi_act_dump;
>
> -static int param_get_action(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_action(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                           const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", actions[uv_nmi_action]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", actions[uv_nmi_action]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_action(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/drivers/acpi/ec.c b/drivers/acpi/ec.c
> index 45204538ed87..6478e5290faf 100644
> --- a/drivers/acpi/ec.c
> +++ b/drivers/acpi/ec.c
> @@ -2236,18 +2236,22 @@ static int param_set_event_clearing(const char *val,
>         return result;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_event_clearing(char *buffer,
> +static int param_get_event_clearing(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                     const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         switch (ec_event_clearing) {
>         case ACPI_EC_EVT_TIMING_STATUS:
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "status\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "status\n");
> +               return 0;
>         case ACPI_EC_EVT_TIMING_QUERY:
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "query\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "query\n");
> +               return 0;
>         case ACPI_EC_EVT_TIMING_EVENT:
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "event\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "event\n");
> +               return 0;
>         default:
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "invalid\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "invalid\n");
> +               return 0;
>         }
>         return 0;
>  }
> diff --git a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> index 3d32a5280432..5247ed7e05cc 100644
> --- a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> +++ b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> @@ -192,9 +192,11 @@ static int param_set_trace_method_name(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_trace_method_name(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_trace_method_name(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                      const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", acpi_gbl_trace_method_name);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", acpi_gbl_trace_method_name);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_trace_method,
> diff --git a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
> index f7bf7ea2d088..ea35662381bf 100644
> --- a/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
> +++ b/drivers/block/ublk_drv.c
> @@ -5868,10 +5868,11 @@ static int ublk_set_max_unprivileged_ublks(const char *buf,
>         return param_set_uint_minmax(buf, kp, 0, UBLK_MAX_UBLKS);
>  }
>
> -static int ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks(char *buf,
> +static int ublk_get_max_unprivileged_ublks(struct seq_buf *buf,
>                                            const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", unprivileged_ublks_max);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%u\n", unprivileged_ublks_max);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ublk_max_unprivileged_ublks_ops,
> diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
> index b5fed11707e8..45941605b88f 100644
> --- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
> +++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c
> @@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ static int panic_op_write_handler(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int panic_op_read_handler(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int panic_op_read_handler(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         const char *event_str;
>
> @@ -99,7 +100,8 @@ static int panic_op_read_handler(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         else
>                 event_str = ipmi_panic_event_str[ipmi_send_panic_event];
>
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", event_str);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", event_str);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(panic_op_ops, panic_op_write_handler,
> diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
> index ef57df53e087..1bdb497e354e 100644
> --- a/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
> +++ b/drivers/firmware/qcom/qcom_scm.c
> @@ -2694,12 +2694,16 @@ static irqreturn_t qcom_scm_irq_handler(int irq, void *data)
>         return IRQ_HANDLED;
>  }
>
> -static int get_download_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int get_download_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                            const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       if (download_mode >= ARRAY_SIZE(download_mode_name))
> -               return sysfs_emit(buffer, "unknown mode\n");
> +       if (download_mode >= ARRAY_SIZE(download_mode_name)) {
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "unknown mode\n");
> +               return 0;
> +       }
>
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", download_mode_name[download_mode]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", download_mode_name[download_mode]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int set_download_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
> index c35d1adf2ce3..8b3b749284f0 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic.c
> @@ -841,10 +841,11 @@ static int drm_panic_type_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return -EINVAL;
>  }
>
> -static int drm_panic_type_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int drm_panic_type_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                             const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n",
> -                        drm_panic_type_map[drm_panic_type]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", drm_panic_type_map[drm_panic_type]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(drm_panic_ops, drm_panic_type_set,
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
> index 5b9b0b38b419..3c3f8d4db99d 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/driver.c
> @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(cu, "Credit return units");
>
>  unsigned long hfi1_cap_mask = HFI1_CAP_MASK_DEFAULT;
>  static int hfi1_caps_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static int hfi1_caps_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int hfi1_caps_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cap_ops, hfi1_caps_set, hfi1_caps_get);
>  module_param_cb(cap_mask, &cap_ops, &hfi1_cap_mask, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
>  MODULE_PARM_DESC(cap_mask, "Bit mask of enabled/disabled HW features");
> @@ -101,14 +101,15 @@ static int hfi1_caps_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static int hfi1_caps_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int hfi1_caps_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         unsigned long cap_mask = *(unsigned long *)kp->arg;
>
>         cap_mask &= ~HFI1_CAP_LOCKED_SMASK;
>         cap_mask |= ((cap_mask & HFI1_CAP_K2U) << HFI1_CAP_USER_SHIFT);
>
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "0x%lx\n", cap_mask);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%lx\n", cap_mask);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  struct pci_dev *get_pci_dev(struct rvt_dev_info *rdi)
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c
> index 9aec5d80117f..97c77d52a86a 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srpt/ib_srpt.c
> @@ -86,9 +86,10 @@ static int srpt_set_u64_x(const char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         return kstrtou64(buffer, 16, (u64 *)kp->arg);
>  }
> -static int srpt_get_u64_x(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int srpt_get_u64_x(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "0x%016llx\n", *(u64 *)kp->arg);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%016llx\n", *(u64 *)kp->arg);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>  module_param_call(srpt_service_guid, srpt_set_u64_x, srpt_get_u64_x,
>                   &srpt_service_guid, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
> index 8b4ef7e163d3..d101fe1c2c4c 100644
> --- a/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
> +++ b/drivers/input/misc/ati_remote2.c
> @@ -63,12 +63,13 @@ static int ati_remote2_set_channel_mask(const char *val,
>         return ati_remote2_set_mask(val, kp, ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_CHANNEL_MASK);
>  }
>
> -static int ati_remote2_get_channel_mask(char *buffer,
> +static int ati_remote2_get_channel_mask(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         pr_debug("%s()\n", __func__);
>
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "0x%04x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%04x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int ati_remote2_set_mode_mask(const char *val,
> @@ -79,12 +80,13 @@ static int ati_remote2_set_mode_mask(const char *val,
>         return ati_remote2_set_mask(val, kp, ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_MODE_MASK);
>  }
>
> -static int ati_remote2_get_mode_mask(char *buffer,
> +static int ati_remote2_get_mode_mask(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                      const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         pr_debug("%s()\n", __func__);
>
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "0x%02x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%02x\n", *(unsigned int *)kp->arg);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static unsigned int channel_mask = ATI_REMOTE2_MAX_CHANNEL_MASK;
> diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
> index f9ebb1fd0b6f..39a9b87e69d1 100644
> --- a/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
> +++ b/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-base.c
> @@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
>
>  static unsigned int psmouse_max_proto = PSMOUSE_AUTO;
>  static int psmouse_set_maxproto(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *);
> -static int psmouse_get_maxproto(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int psmouse_get_maxproto(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_proto_abbrev, psmouse_set_maxproto,
>                                psmouse_get_maxproto);
>  #define param_check_proto_abbrev(name, p)      __param_check(name, p, unsigned int)
> @@ -1994,11 +1995,13 @@ static int psmouse_set_maxproto(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int psmouse_get_maxproto(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int psmouse_get_maxproto(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         int type = *((unsigned int *)kp->arg);
>
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", psmouse_protocol_by_type(type)->name);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", psmouse_protocol_by_type(type)->name);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int __init psmouse_init(void)
> diff --git a/drivers/md/md.c b/drivers/md/md.c
> index 8b568eee8743..ce3eb1396ad0 100644
> --- a/drivers/md/md.c
> +++ b/drivers/md/md.c
> @@ -10989,9 +10989,10 @@ static __exit void md_exit(void)
>  subsys_initcall(md_init);
>  module_exit(md_exit)
>
> -static int get_ro(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int get_ro(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", start_readonly);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", start_readonly);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>  static int set_ro(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> diff --git a/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c b/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c
> index a10e38221817..35a6ff8d77fc 100644
> --- a/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c
> +++ b/drivers/media/pci/tw686x/tw686x-core.c
> @@ -69,9 +69,11 @@ static const char *dma_mode_name(unsigned int mode)
>         }
>  }
>
> -static int tw686x_dma_mode_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int tw686x_dma_mode_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                              const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s", dma_mode_name(dma_mode));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s", dma_mode_name(dma_mode));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int tw686x_dma_mode_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
> index f7362377e427..e0c87447074d 100644
> --- a/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
> +++ b/drivers/nvme/host/multipath.c
> @@ -85,9 +85,10 @@ static int nvme_set_iopolicy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int nvme_get_iopolicy(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int nvme_get_iopolicy(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", nvme_iopolicy_names[iopolicy]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s\n", nvme_iopolicy_names[iopolicy]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(iopolicy, nvme_set_iopolicy, nvme_get_iopolicy,
> diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
> index 0bf2bef3383a..9dcd588ab5c9 100644
> --- a/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
> +++ b/drivers/power/supply/test_power.c
> @@ -490,10 +490,12 @@ static int param_set_ac_online(const char *key, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_ac_online(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_ac_online(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                              const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
> -                       map_get_key(map_ac_online, ac_online, "unknown"));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      map_get_key(map_ac_online, ac_online, "unknown"));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_usb_online(const char *key, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -503,10 +505,12 @@ static int param_set_usb_online(const char *key, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_usb_online(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_usb_online(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
> -                       map_get_key(map_ac_online, usb_online, "unknown"));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      map_get_key(map_ac_online, usb_online, "unknown"));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_battery_status(const char *key,
> @@ -517,10 +521,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_status(const char *key,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_battery_status(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_battery_status(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                   const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
> -                       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_status, "unknown"));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_status, "unknown"));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_battery_health(const char *key,
> @@ -531,10 +537,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_health(const char *key,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_battery_health(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_battery_health(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                   const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
> -                       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_health, "unknown"));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_health, "unknown"));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_battery_present(const char *key,
> @@ -545,11 +553,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_present(const char *key,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_battery_present(char *buffer,
> +static int param_get_battery_present(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
> -                       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_present, "unknown"));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_present, "unknown"));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_battery_technology(const char *key,
> @@ -561,12 +570,12 @@ static int param_set_battery_technology(const char *key,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_battery_technology(char *buffer,
> +static int param_get_battery_technology(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n",
> -                       map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_technology,
> -                                       "unknown"));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      map_get_key(map_ac_online, battery_technology, "unknown"));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_battery_capacity(const char *key,
> diff --git a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
> index 676a12b44e88..5e8817a63726 100644
> --- a/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
> +++ b/drivers/target/target_core_user.c
> @@ -249,10 +249,11 @@ static int tcmu_set_global_max_data_area(const char *str,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int tcmu_get_global_max_data_area(char *buffer,
> +static int tcmu_get_global_max_data_area(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", TCMU_PAGES_TO_MBS(tcmu_global_max_pages));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", TCMU_PAGES_TO_MBS(tcmu_global_max_pages));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(tcmu_global_max_data_area_op,
> @@ -265,11 +266,12 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(global_max_data_area_mb,
>                  "Max MBs allowed to be allocated to all the tcmu device's "
>                  "data areas.");
>
> -static int tcmu_get_block_netlink(char *buffer,
> +static int tcmu_get_block_netlink(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                   const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", tcmu_netlink_blocked ?
> -                      "blocked" : "unblocked");
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n",
> +                      tcmu_netlink_blocked ? "blocked" : "unblocked");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int tcmu_set_block_netlink(const char *str,
> diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
> index 68275c3f2c9b..1a68721748d9 100644
> --- a/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
> +++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/int340x_thermal/processor_thermal_soc_slider.c
> @@ -77,10 +77,12 @@ static int slider_def_balance_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static int slider_def_balance_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int slider_def_balance_get(struct seq_buf *buf,
> +                                 const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         guard(mutex)(&slider_param_lock);
> -       return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_values[SOC_POWER_SLIDER_BALANCE]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%02x\n", slider_values[SOC_POWER_SLIDER_BALANCE]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_def_balance_ops, slider_def_balance_set,
> @@ -109,10 +111,12 @@ static int slider_def_offset_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static int slider_def_offset_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int slider_def_offset_get(struct seq_buf *buf,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         guard(mutex)(&slider_param_lock);
> -       return sysfs_emit(buf, "%02x\n", slider_offset);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%02x\n", slider_offset);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(slider_offset_ops, slider_def_offset_set,
> diff --git a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
> index 7d2873da7dc5..88f348b41614 100644
> --- a/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
> +++ b/drivers/ufs/core/ufs-fault-injection.c
> @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
>  #include <ufs/ufshcd.h>
>  #include "ufs-fault-injection.h"
>
> -static int ufs_fault_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int ufs_fault_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int ufs_fault_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ufs_fault_ops, ufs_fault_set, ufs_fault_get);
> @@ -31,11 +31,12 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(timeout,
>         "Fault injection. timeout=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>");
>  static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(ufs_timeout_attr);
>
> -static int ufs_fault_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int ufs_fault_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         const char *fault_str = kp->arg;
>
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", fault_str);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", fault_str);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int ufs_fault_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
> index fd52f2213e27..23ca63ebf3d2 100644
> --- a/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
> +++ b/drivers/vhost/scsi.c
> @@ -81,10 +81,11 @@ static int vhost_scsi_set_inline_sg_cnt(const char *buf,
>  }
>  #endif
>
> -static int vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt(char *buf,
> +static int vhost_scsi_get_inline_sg_cnt(struct seq_buf *buf,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%u\n", vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vhost_scsi_inline_sg_cnt_op,
> diff --git a/fs/nfs/namespace.c b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
> index f2fba60dc5ed..5b7debe5274b 100644
> --- a/fs/nfs/namespace.c
> +++ b/fs/nfs/namespace.c
> @@ -358,7 +358,8 @@ static int param_set_nfs_timeout(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_nfs_timeout(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_nfs_timeout(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         long num = *((int *)kp->arg);
>
> @@ -369,7 +370,8 @@ static int param_get_nfs_timeout(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>                         num = (num + (HZ - 1)) / HZ;
>         } else
>                 num = -1;
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%li\n", num);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%li\n", num);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_nfs_timeout, param_set_nfs_timeout,
> diff --git a/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c b/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c
> index 5821e33df78f..8fd759d31ff9 100644
> --- a/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c
> +++ b/fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c
> @@ -78,10 +78,11 @@ static int param_set_dlmfs_capabilities(const char *val,
>         printk(KERN_ERR "%s: readonly parameter\n", kp->name);
>         return -EINVAL;
>  }
> -static int param_get_dlmfs_capabilities(char *buffer,
> +static int param_get_dlmfs_capabilities(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, DLMFS_CAPABILITIES);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, DLMFS_CAPABILITIES);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>  module_param_call(capabilities, param_set_dlmfs_capabilities,
>                   param_get_dlmfs_capabilities, NULL, 0444);
> diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
> index 13cb60b52bd6..d9a21b813b4f 100644
> --- a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
> +++ b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
> @@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ static int ovl_ccup_set(const char *buf, const struct kernel_param *param)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int ovl_ccup_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *param)
> +static int ovl_ccup_get(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *param)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buf, "N\n");
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "N\n");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(check_copy_up, ovl_ccup_set, ovl_ccup_get, NULL, 0644);
> diff --git a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
> index 38ae3b596ef2..9c9b6dc25888 100644
> --- a/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
> +++ b/kernel/locking/locktorture.c
> @@ -86,11 +86,13 @@ static int param_set_cpumask(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  }
>
>  // Output a cpumask kernel parameter.
> -static int param_get_cpumask(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_cpumask(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                            const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         cpumask_var_t *cm_bind = kp->arg;
>
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%*pbl", cpumask_pr_args(*cm_bind));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%*pbl", cpumask_pr_args(*cm_bind));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static bool cpumask_nonempty(cpumask_var_t mask)
> diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> index e675d7f1b4ee..ffbbb7d4ff2a 100644
> --- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> +++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> @@ -3970,9 +3970,11 @@ static int param_set_do_rcu_barrier(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *
>  /*
>   * Output the number of outstanding rcutree.do_rcu_barrier requests.
>   */
> -static int param_get_do_rcu_barrier(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_do_rcu_barrier(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                   const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", atomic_read((atomic_t *)kp->arg));
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", atomic_read((atomic_t *)kp->arg));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(do_rcu_barrier_ops, param_set_do_rcu_barrier,
> diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
> index 42562b811d94..3fe338d2ca64 100644
> --- a/kernel/workqueue.c
> +++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
> @@ -7157,9 +7157,11 @@ static int wq_affn_dfl_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int wq_affn_dfl_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int wq_affn_dfl_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", wq_affn_names[wq_affn_dfl]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", wq_affn_names[wq_affn_dfl]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(wq_affn_dfl_ops, wq_affn_dfl_set,
> diff --git a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
> index 30880b6c726a..70faf8ede76d 100644
> --- a/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
> +++ b/lib/test_dynamic_debug.c
> @@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ static int param_set_do_prints(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         do_prints();
>         return 0;
>  }
> -static int param_get_do_prints(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_do_prints(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                              const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         do_prints();
> -       return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "did do_prints\n");
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "did do_prints\n");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_do_prints, param_set_do_prints,
>                                param_get_do_prints);
> diff --git a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
> index 5feb93c5262e..84e607f76126 100644
> --- a/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
> +++ b/mm/damon/lru_sort.c
> @@ -438,10 +438,11 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_store(const char *val,
>         return damon_lru_sort_turn(enabled);
>  }
>
> -static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_load(char *buffer,
> -               const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int damon_lru_sort_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                      const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_lru_sort_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_lru_sort_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_lru_sort_enabled_store,
> @@ -461,8 +462,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_store(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
> -               const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         int kdamond_pid = -1;
>
> @@ -471,7 +472,8 @@ static int damon_lru_sort_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
>                 if (kdamond_pid < 0)
>                         kdamond_pid = -1;
>         }
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
> diff --git a/mm/damon/reclaim.c b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
> index 27e772b095fa..546bdf356a40 100644
> --- a/mm/damon/reclaim.c
> +++ b/mm/damon/reclaim.c
> @@ -340,10 +340,11 @@ static int damon_reclaim_enabled_store(const char *val,
>         return damon_reclaim_turn(enabled);
>  }
>
> -static int damon_reclaim_enabled_load(char *buffer,
> -               const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int damon_reclaim_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                     const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_reclaim_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_reclaim_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_reclaim_enabled_store,
> @@ -363,8 +364,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_store(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
> -               const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         int kdamond_pid = -1;
>
> @@ -373,7 +374,8 @@ static int damon_reclaim_kdamond_pid_load(char *buffer,
>                 if (kdamond_pid < 0)
>                         kdamond_pid = -1;
>         }
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", kdamond_pid);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(kdamond_pid_param_ops,
> diff --git a/mm/damon/stat.c b/mm/damon/stat.c
> index 6eb548793802..70d6b477fc0b 100644
> --- a/mm/damon/stat.c
> +++ b/mm/damon/stat.c
> @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
>  static int damon_stat_enabled_store(
>                 const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
> -static int damon_stat_enabled_load(char *buffer,
> -               const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int damon_stat_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                  const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(enabled_param_ops, damon_stat_enabled_store,
>                                damon_stat_enabled_load);
> @@ -306,9 +306,11 @@ static int damon_stat_enabled_store(
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int damon_stat_enabled_load(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int damon_stat_enabled_load(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                  const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_stat_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", damon_stat_enabled() ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int __init damon_stat_init(void)
> diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> index 42e0cf313281..887c18a193ac 100644
> --- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> +++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
> @@ -100,13 +100,17 @@ static int set_memmap_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int get_memmap_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int get_memmap_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         int mode = *((int *)kp->arg);
>
> -       if (mode == MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_FORCE)
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "force\n");
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%c\n", mode ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       if (mode == MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_FORCE) {
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "force\n");
> +               return 0;
> +       }
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%c\n", mode ? 'Y' : 'N');
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(memmap_mode_ops, set_memmap_mode,
> @@ -147,9 +151,11 @@ static int set_online_policy(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int get_online_policy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int get_online_policy(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                            const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%s\n", online_policy_to_str[*((int *)kp->arg)]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", online_policy_to_str[*((int *)kp->arg)]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  /*
> diff --git a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
> index 633202a99e4a..583b11a2489c 100644
> --- a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
> +++ b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
> @@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ bool libceph_compatible(void *data)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(libceph_compatible);
>
> -static int param_get_supported_features(char *buffer,
> +static int param_get_supported_features(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                         const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "0x%llx", CEPH_FEATURES_SUPPORTED_DEFAULT);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%llx", CEPH_FEATURES_SUPPORTED_DEFAULT);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_supported_features, NULL,
>                                param_get_supported_features);
> diff --git a/net/sunrpc/auth.c b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
> index 64a3e894fd4c..5a2b64dcf9e5 100644
> --- a/net/sunrpc/auth.c
> +++ b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
> @@ -73,12 +73,14 @@ static int param_set_hashtbl_sz(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return -EINVAL;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_hashtbl_sz(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_hashtbl_sz(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         unsigned int nbits;
>
>         nbits = *(unsigned int *)kp->arg;
> -       return sprintf(buffer, "%u\n", 1U << nbits);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%u\n", 1U << nbits);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  #define param_check_hashtbl_sz(name, p) __param_check(name, p, unsigned int);
> diff --git a/net/sunrpc/svc.c b/net/sunrpc/svc.c
> index 576fa42e7abf..26b85077ecc8 100644
> --- a/net/sunrpc/svc.c
> +++ b/net/sunrpc/svc.c
> @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ sunrpc_get_pool_mode(char *buf, size_t size)
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(sunrpc_get_pool_mode);
>
>  static int
> -param_get_pool_mode(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +param_get_pool_mode(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         char str[16];
>         int len;
> @@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ param_get_pool_mode(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         str[len] = '\n';
>         str[len + 1] = '\0';
>
> -       return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s", str);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s", str);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(pool_mode, param_set_pool_mode, param_get_pool_mode,
> diff --git a/security/apparmor/lsm.c b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
> index a6815b4bd0da..748d08c57f60 100644
> --- a/security/apparmor/lsm.c
> +++ b/security/apparmor/lsm.c
> @@ -1797,10 +1797,11 @@ static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static int param_get_debug(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
>  static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static int param_get_audit(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int param_get_audit(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                          const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
>  static int param_set_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -static int param_get_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int param_get_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
>  /* Flag values, also controllable via /sys/module/apparmor/parameters
>   * We define special types as we want to do additional mediation.
> @@ -2050,13 +2051,15 @@ static int param_set_debug(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_audit(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_audit(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         if (!apparmor_enabled)
>                 return -EINVAL;
>         if (apparmor_initialized && !aa_current_policy_view_capable(NULL))
>                 return -EPERM;
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", audit_mode_names[aa_g_audit]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", audit_mode_names[aa_g_audit]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -2078,13 +2081,14 @@ static int param_set_audit(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_mode(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_mode(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         if (!apparmor_enabled)
>                 return -EINVAL;
>         if (apparmor_initialized && !aa_current_policy_view_capable(NULL))
>                 return -EPERM;
> -       return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%s\n", aa_profile_mode_names[aa_g_profile_mode]);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", aa_profile_mode_names[aa_g_profile_mode]);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int param_set_mode(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> --
> 2.34.1
>


From rafael at kernel.org  Fri May 22 10:05:43 2026
From: rafael at kernel.org (Rafael J. Wysocki)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 19:05:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] treewide: Manually convert custom kernel_param_ops
 .get callbacks
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-10-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org> <20260521133326.2465264-10-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <CAJZ5v0gzCFu8Simqco8QZPU3-jmUSxhK_zsx4FqCrgLXQ5-UvQ@mail.gmail.com>

On Thu, May 21, 2026 at 3:33?PM Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:
>
> Convert struct kernel_param_ops .get callbacks from legacy "char *" to
> "struct seq_buf *".
>
> Since seq_buf_printf() will return -1 on overflow, and struct
> kernel_param_ops .get callbacks are expected to truncate without error,
> we must ignore the return value from seq_buf_print() and always return 0
> (as the length is calculated in the common dispatcher code).
>
> No struct kernel_param_ops initializations need changing since
> DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS already routes the pointer to .get or .get_str
> via _Generic based on the function signature, so converted callbacks
> are automatically moved from the .get_str to the .get callback.
>
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>

For ACPI:

Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki (Intel) <rafael at kernel.org>

> ---
>  include/linux/dynamic_debug.h            |  8 ++-
>  arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c              |  3 +-
>  arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c             | 12 ++--
>  drivers/acpi/button.c                    | 19 ++++--
>  drivers/acpi/sysfs.c                     | 83 +++++++++++-------------
>  drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c        | 33 ++++------
>  drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c           | 34 +++++-----
>  drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c  | 26 ++++----
>  drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c      |  7 +-
>  drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c       |  8 ++-
>  drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c                  | 17 +++--
>  drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c       | 22 +++----
>  drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c | 14 ++--
>  drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c               | 18 ++---
>  drivers/usb/storage/usb.c                | 20 +++---
>  drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c             | 21 +++---
>  lib/dynamic_debug.c                      | 10 ++-
>  17 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 177 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
> index 05743900a116..999a25671b6a 100644
> --- a/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
> +++ b/include/linux/dynamic_debug.h
> @@ -334,8 +334,10 @@ void __dynamic_ibdev_dbg(struct _ddebug *descriptor,
>  extern int ddebug_dyndbg_module_param_cb(char *param, char *val,
>                                         const char *modname);
>  struct kernel_param;
> +struct seq_buf;
>  int param_set_dyndbg_classes(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> -int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +int param_get_dyndbg_classes(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                            const struct kernel_param *kp);
>
>  #else
>
> @@ -352,9 +354,11 @@ static inline int ddebug_dyndbg_module_param_cb(char *param, char *val,
>  }
>
>  struct kernel_param;
> +struct seq_buf;
>  static inline int param_set_dyndbg_classes(const char *instr, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  { return 0; }
> -static inline int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static inline int param_get_dyndbg_classes(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  { return 0; }
>
>  #endif
> diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
> index fb7988dc5482..7c1119d0d9c1 100644
> --- a/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
> +++ b/arch/um/drivers/vfio_kern.c
> @@ -623,7 +623,8 @@ static int uml_vfio_cmdline_set(const char *device, const struct kernel_param *k
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int uml_vfio_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int uml_vfio_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         return 0;
>  }
> diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
> index f9ae745f4586..cea806540625 100644
> --- a/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
> +++ b/arch/um/drivers/virtio_uml.c
> @@ -1379,23 +1379,21 @@ static int vu_cmdline_get_device(struct device *dev, void *data)
>  {
>         struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
>         struct virtio_uml_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
> -       char *buffer = data;
> -       unsigned int len = strlen(buffer);
> +       struct seq_buf *s = data;
>
> -       snprintf(buffer + len, PAGE_SIZE - len, "%s:%d:%d\n",
> -                pdata->socket_path, pdata->virtio_device_id, pdev->id);
> +       seq_buf_printf(s, "%s:%d:%d\n",
> +                      pdata->socket_path, pdata->virtio_device_id, pdev->id);
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int vu_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int vu_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         guard(mutex)(&vu_cmdline_lock);
>
> -       buffer[0] = '\0';
>         if (vu_cmdline_parent_registered)
>                 device_for_each_child(&vu_cmdline_parent, buffer,
>                                       vu_cmdline_get_device);
> -       return strlen(buffer) + 1;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vu_cmdline_param_ops, vu_cmdline_set,
> diff --git a/drivers/acpi/button.c b/drivers/acpi/button.c
> index dc064a388c23..31c624bebc65 100644
> --- a/drivers/acpi/button.c
> +++ b/drivers/acpi/button.c
> @@ -715,19 +715,24 @@ static int param_set_lid_init_state(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_lid_init_state(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_lid_init_state(struct seq_buf *buf,
> +                                   const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int i, c = 0;
> +       int i;
>
> -       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lid_init_state_str); i++)
> +       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lid_init_state_str); i++) {
>                 if (i == lid_init_state)
> -                       c += sprintf(buf + c, "[%s] ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
> +                       seq_buf_printf(buf, "[%s] ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
>                 else
> -                       c += sprintf(buf + c, "%s ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
> +                       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%s ", lid_init_state_str[i]);
> +       }
>
> -       buf[c - 1] = '\n'; /* Replace the final space with a newline */
> +       /* Replace the final space with a newline. */
> +       if (!seq_buf_has_overflowed(buf) && buf->len > 0 &&
> +           buf->buffer[buf->len - 1] == ' ')
> +               buf->buffer[buf->len - 1] = '\n';
>
> -       return c;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(lid_init_state,
> diff --git a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> index 5247ed7e05cc..dff7cc7da8bf 100644
> --- a/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> +++ b/drivers/acpi/sysfs.c
> @@ -89,53 +89,49 @@ static const struct acpi_dlevel acpi_debug_levels[] = {
>         ACPI_DEBUG_INIT(ACPI_LV_EVENTS),
>  };
>
> -static int param_get_debug_layer(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_debug_layer(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int result = 0;
>         int i;
>
> -       result = sprintf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
>
>         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(acpi_debug_layers); i++) {
> -               result += sprintf(buffer + result, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
> -                                 acpi_debug_layers[i].name,
> -                                 acpi_debug_layers[i].value,
> -                                 (acpi_dbg_layer & acpi_debug_layers[i].value)
> -                                 ? '*' : ' ');
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
> +                              acpi_debug_layers[i].name,
> +                              acpi_debug_layers[i].value,
> +                              (acpi_dbg_layer & acpi_debug_layers[i].value)
> +                              ? '*' : ' ');
>         }
> -       result +=
> -           sprintf(buffer + result, "%-25s\t0x%08X [%c]\n", "ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS",
> -                   ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS,
> -                   (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS) ==
> -                   ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS ? '*' : (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS)
> -                   == 0 ? ' ' : '-');
> -       result +=
> -           sprintf(buffer + result,
> -                   "--\ndebug_layer = 0x%08X ( * = enabled)\n",
> -                   acpi_dbg_layer);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\t0x%08X [%c]\n", "ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS",
> +                      ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS,
> +                      (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS) == ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS
> +                      ? '*' : (acpi_dbg_layer & ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS) == 0
> +                      ? ' ' : '-');
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "--\ndebug_layer = 0x%08X ( * = enabled)\n",
> +                      acpi_dbg_layer);
>
> -       return result;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_debug_level(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_debug_level(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int result = 0;
>         int i;
>
> -       result = sprintf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\tHex        SET\n", "Description");
>
>         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(acpi_debug_levels); i++) {
> -               result += sprintf(buffer + result, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
> -                                 acpi_debug_levels[i].name,
> -                                 acpi_debug_levels[i].value,
> -                                 (acpi_dbg_level & acpi_debug_levels[i].value)
> -                                 ? '*' : ' ');
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%-25s\t0x%08lX [%c]\n",
> +                              acpi_debug_levels[i].name,
> +                              acpi_debug_levels[i].value,
> +                              (acpi_dbg_level & acpi_debug_levels[i].value)
> +                              ? '*' : ' ');
>         }
> -       result +=
> -           sprintf(buffer + result, "--\ndebug_level = 0x%08X (* = enabled)\n",
> -                   acpi_dbg_level);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "--\ndebug_level = 0x%08X (* = enabled)\n",
> +                      acpi_dbg_level);
>
> -       return result;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_debug_layer, param_set_uint,
> @@ -247,16 +243,18 @@ static int param_set_trace_state(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int param_get_trace_state(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_trace_state(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                                const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         if (!(acpi_gbl_trace_flags & ACPI_TRACE_ENABLED))
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "disable\n");
> -       if (!acpi_gbl_trace_method_name)
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "enable\n");
> -       if (acpi_gbl_trace_flags & ACPI_TRACE_ONESHOT)
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "method-once\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "disable\n");
> +       else if (!acpi_gbl_trace_method_name)
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "enable\n");
> +       else if (acpi_gbl_trace_flags & ACPI_TRACE_ONESHOT)
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "method-once\n");
>         else
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "method\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "method\n");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(trace_state, param_set_trace_state, param_get_trace_state,
> @@ -272,14 +270,11 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(aml_debug_output,
>                  "To enable/disable the ACPI Debug Object output.");
>
>  /* /sys/module/acpi/parameters/acpica_version */
> -static int param_get_acpica_version(char *buffer,
> +static int param_get_acpica_version(struct seq_buf *buffer,
>                                     const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int result;
> -
> -       result = sprintf(buffer, "%x\n", ACPI_CA_VERSION);
> -
> -       return result;
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%x\n", ACPI_CA_VERSION);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(acpica_version, NULL, param_get_acpica_version, NULL, 0444);
> diff --git a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
> index 91a99417d204..2bfec85ef331 100644
> --- a/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
> +++ b/drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_watchdog.c
> @@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(param_ops_timeout, set_param_timeout,
>                                param_get_int);
>  #define param_check_timeout param_check_int
>
> -typedef int (*action_fn)(const char *intval, char *outval);
> +typedef int (*action_fn)(const char *intval, struct seq_buf *outval);
>
> -static int action_op(const char *inval, char *outval);
> -static int preaction_op(const char *inval, char *outval);
> -static int preop_op(const char *inval, char *outval);
> +static int action_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval);
> +static int preaction_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval);
> +static int preop_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval);
>  static void check_parms(void);
>
>  static int set_param_str(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -227,20 +227,11 @@ static int set_param_str(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return rv;
>  }
>
> -static int get_param_str(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int get_param_str(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         action_fn fn = (action_fn) kp->arg;
> -       int rv, len;
>
> -       rv = fn(NULL, buffer);
> -       if (rv)
> -               return rv;
> -
> -       len = strlen(buffer);
> -       buffer[len++] = '\n';
> -       buffer[len] = 0;
> -
> -       return len;
> +       return fn(NULL, buffer);
>  }
>
>
> @@ -1154,12 +1145,12 @@ static int action_op_set_val(const char *inval)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int action_op(const char *inval, char *outval)
> +static int action_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval)
>  {
>         int rv;
>
>         if (outval)
> -               strcpy(outval, action);
> +               seq_buf_printf(outval, "%s\n", action);
>
>         if (!inval)
>                 return 0;
> @@ -1186,12 +1177,12 @@ static int preaction_op_set_val(const char *inval)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int preaction_op(const char *inval, char *outval)
> +static int preaction_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval)
>  {
>         int rv;
>
>         if (outval)
> -               strcpy(outval, preaction);
> +               seq_buf_printf(outval, "%s\n", preaction);
>
>         if (!inval)
>                 return 0;
> @@ -1214,12 +1205,12 @@ static int preop_op_set_val(const char *inval)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int preop_op(const char *inval, char *outval)
> +static int preop_op(const char *inval, struct seq_buf *outval)
>  {
>         int rv;
>
>         if (outval)
> -               strcpy(outval, preop);
> +               seq_buf_printf(outval, "%s\n", preop);
>
>         if (!inval)
>                 return 0;
> diff --git a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
> index c87a5449ba8c..4ebc1e327849 100644
> --- a/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
> +++ b/drivers/firmware/qemu_fw_cfg.c
> @@ -860,7 +860,8 @@ static int fw_cfg_cmdline_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(fw_cfg_cmdline_dev);
>  }
>
> -static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *buf,
> +                             const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         /* stay silent if device was not configured via the command
>          * line, or if the parameter name (ioport/mmio) doesn't match
> @@ -873,22 +874,25 @@ static int fw_cfg_cmdline_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>
>         switch (fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->num_resources) {
>         case 1:
> -               return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, PH_ADDR_PR_1_FMT,
> -                               resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buf, PH_ADDR_PR_1_FMT,
> +                              resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start);
> +               return 0;
>         case 3:
> -               return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, PH_ADDR_PR_3_FMT,
> -                               resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buf, PH_ADDR_PR_3_FMT,
> +                              resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start);
> +               return 0;
>         case 4:
> -               return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, PH_ADDR_PR_4_FMT,
> -                               resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start,
> -                               fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[3].start);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buf, PH_ADDR_PR_4_FMT,
> +                              resource_size(&fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0]),
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[0].start,
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[1].start,
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[2].start,
> +                              fw_cfg_cmdline_dev->resource[3].start);
> +               return 0;
>         }
>
>         /* Should never get here */
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> index 6061eae84e9c..99cb38f355b6 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.c
> @@ -95,33 +95,37 @@ static int mitigations_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int mitigations_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int mitigations_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                          const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         unsigned long local = READ_ONCE(mitigations);
> -       int count, i;
>         bool enable;
> +       int i;
>
> -       if (!local)
> -               return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", "off");
> +       if (!local) {
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s\n", "off");
> +               return 0;
> +       }
>
>         if (local & BIT(BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) {
> -               count = scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s,", "auto");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s,", "auto");
>                 enable = false;
>         } else {
>                 enable = true;
> -               count = 0;
>         }
>
>         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(names); i++) {
>                 if ((local & BIT(i)) != enable)
>                         continue;
> -
> -               count += scnprintf(buffer + count, PAGE_SIZE - count,
> -                                  "%s%s,", enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s%s,", enable ? "" : "!", names[i]);
>         }
>
> -       buffer[count - 1] = '\n';
> -       return count;
> +       /* Replace the trailing comma with a newline. */
> +       if (!seq_buf_has_overflowed(buffer) && buffer->len > 0 &&
> +           buffer->buffer[buffer->len - 1] == ',')
> +               buffer->buffer[buffer->len - 1] = '\n';
> +
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(ops, mitigations_set, mitigations_get);
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
> index a81515f52a4f..4f53e939eec1 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/srp/ib_srp.c
> @@ -161,14 +161,15 @@ static struct ib_client srp_client = {
>
>  static struct ib_sa_client srp_sa_client;
>
> -static int srp_tmo_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int srp_tmo_get(struct seq_buf *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         int tmo = *(int *)kp->arg;
>
>         if (tmo >= 0)
> -               return sysfs_emit(buffer, "%d\n", tmo);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", tmo);
>         else
> -               return sysfs_emit(buffer, "off\n");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "off\n");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int srp_tmo_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
> index 2338cab7fef9..1c5c40ce852d 100644
> --- a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
> +++ b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_driver.c
> @@ -2451,12 +2451,14 @@ static int uvc_reset_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
>   * Module parameters
>   */
>
> -static int uvc_clock_param_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int uvc_clock_param_get(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                              const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         if (uvc_clock_param == CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "CLOCK_MONOTONIC");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "CLOCK_MONOTONIC");
>         else
> -               return sprintf(buffer, "CLOCK_REALTIME");
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "CLOCK_REALTIME");
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int uvc_clock_param_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> diff --git a/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c b/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
> index 925373b98dff..af2dd668fe4d 100644
> --- a/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
> +++ b/drivers/pci/pcie/aspm.c
> @@ -1572,16 +1572,19 @@ static int pcie_aspm_set_policy(const char *val,
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int pcie_aspm_get_policy(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int pcie_aspm_get_policy(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int i, cnt = 0;
> -       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(policy_str); i++)
> +       int i;
> +
> +       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(policy_str); i++) {
>                 if (i == aspm_policy)
> -                       cnt += sprintf(buffer + cnt, "[%s] ", policy_str[i]);
> +                       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "[%s] ", policy_str[i]);
>                 else
> -                       cnt += sprintf(buffer + cnt, "%s ", policy_str[i]);
> -       cnt += sprintf(buffer + cnt, "\n");
> -       return cnt;
> +                       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s ", policy_str[i]);
> +       }
> +       seq_buf_putc(buffer, '\n');
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  module_param_call(policy, pcie_aspm_set_policy, pcie_aspm_get_policy,
> diff --git a/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c b/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c
> index 88d85fc9a52a..aa10514ec46e 100644
> --- a/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c
> +++ b/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_transport.c
> @@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
>
>  static int fcoe_transport_create(const char *, const struct kernel_param *);
>  static int fcoe_transport_destroy(const char *, const struct kernel_param *);
> -static int fcoe_transport_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> +static int fcoe_transport_show(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                              const struct kernel_param *kp);
>  static struct fcoe_transport *fcoe_transport_lookup(struct net_device *device);
>  static struct fcoe_transport *fcoe_netdev_map_lookup(struct net_device *device);
>  static int fcoe_transport_enable(const char *, const struct kernel_param *);
> @@ -595,22 +596,21 @@ int fcoe_transport_detach(struct fcoe_transport *ft)
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(fcoe_transport_detach);
>
> -static int fcoe_transport_show(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int fcoe_transport_show(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                              const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int i, j;
>         struct fcoe_transport *ft = NULL;
>
> -       i = j = sprintf(buffer, "Attached FCoE transports:");
> +       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "Attached FCoE transports:");
>         mutex_lock(&ft_mutex);
> -       list_for_each_entry(ft, &fcoe_transports, list) {
> -               if (i >= PAGE_SIZE - IFNAMSIZ)
> -                       break;
> -               i += snprintf(&buffer[i], IFNAMSIZ, "%s ", ft->name);
> +       if (list_empty(&fcoe_transports)) {
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "none");
> +       } else {
> +               list_for_each_entry(ft, &fcoe_transports, list)
> +                       seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%s ", ft->name);
>         }
>         mutex_unlock(&ft_mutex);
> -       if (i == j)
> -               i += snprintf(&buffer[i], IFNAMSIZ, "none");
> -       return i;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static int __init fcoe_transport_init(void)
> diff --git a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
> index 98fbc6892714..50ec1a0ff1ab 100644
> --- a/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
> +++ b/drivers/thermal/intel/intel_powerclamp.c
> @@ -101,15 +101,13 @@ static int duration_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static int duration_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int duration_get(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int ret;
> -
>         mutex_lock(&powerclamp_lock);
> -       ret = sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", duration / 1000);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%d\n", duration / 1000);
>         mutex_unlock(&powerclamp_lock);
>
> -       return ret;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(duration_ops, duration_set, duration_get);
> @@ -192,12 +190,14 @@ static int cpumask_set(const char *arg, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return ret;
>  }
>
> -static int cpumask_get(char *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int cpumask_get(struct seq_buf *buf, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         if (!cpumask_available(idle_injection_cpu_mask))
>                 return -ENODEV;
>
> -       return cpumap_print_to_pagebuf(false, buf, idle_injection_cpu_mask);
> +       seq_buf_printf(buf, "%*pb\n", nr_cpu_ids,
> +                      cpumask_bits(idle_injection_cpu_mask));
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(cpumask_ops, cpumask_set, cpumask_get);
> diff --git a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
> index 29612a4a32cb..b27c1dfbd249 100644
> --- a/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
> +++ b/drivers/tty/hvc/hvc_iucv.c
> @@ -1256,36 +1256,32 @@ static int param_set_vmidfilter(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>
>  /**
>   * param_get_vmidfilter() - Get z/VM user ID filter
> - * @buffer:    Buffer to store z/VM user ID filter,
> - *             (buffer size assumption PAGE_SIZE)
> + * @buffer:    seq_buf to store z/VM user ID filter
>   * @kp:                Kernel parameter pointing to the hvc_iucv_filter array
>   *
>   * The function stores the filter as a comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs
>   * in @buffer. Typically, sysfs routines call this function for attr show.
>   */
> -static int param_get_vmidfilter(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_get_vmidfilter(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                               const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       int rc;
>         size_t index, len;
>         void *start, *end;
>
>         if (!machine_is_vm() || !hvc_iucv_devices)
>                 return -ENODEV;
>
> -       rc = 0;
>         read_lock_bh(&hvc_iucv_filter_lock);
>         for (index = 0; index < hvc_iucv_filter_size; index++) {
>                 start = hvc_iucv_filter + (8 * index);
>                 end   = memchr(start, ' ', 8);
>                 len   = (end) ? end - start : 8;
> -               memcpy(buffer + rc, start, len);
> -               rc += len;
> -               buffer[rc++] = ',';
> +               if (index)
> +                       seq_buf_putc(buffer, ',');
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%.*s", (int)len, (char *)start);
>         }
>         read_unlock_bh(&hvc_iucv_filter_lock);
> -       if (rc)
> -               buffer[--rc] = '\0';    /* replace last comma and update rc */
> -       return rc;
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  #define param_check_vmidfilter(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
> index 71dd623b95c9..637e1b8f622f 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/storage/usb.c
> @@ -115,27 +115,22 @@ static int parse_delay_str(const char *str, int ndecimals, const char *suffix,
>   * @val: The integer value to format, scaled by 10^(@ndecimals).
>   * @ndecimals: Number of decimal to scale down.
>   * @suffix: Suffix string to format.
> - * @str: Where to store the formatted string.
> - * @size: The size of buffer for @str.
> + * @s: Where to store the formatted string.
>   *
>   * Format an integer value in @val scale down by 10^(@ndecimals) without @suffix
>   * if @val is divisible by 10^(@ndecimals).
>   * Otherwise format a value in @val just as it is with @suffix
> - *
> - * Returns the number of characters written into @str.
>   */
> -static int format_delay_ms(unsigned int val, int ndecimals, const char *suffix,
> -                       char *str, int size)
> +static void format_delay_ms(unsigned int val, int ndecimals, const char *suffix,
> +                           struct seq_buf *s)
>  {
>         u64 delay_ms = val;
>         unsigned int rem = do_div(delay_ms, int_pow(10, ndecimals));
> -       int ret;
>
>         if (rem)
> -               ret = scnprintf(str, size, "%u%s\n", val, suffix);
> +               seq_buf_printf(s, "%u%s\n", val, suffix);
>         else
> -               ret = scnprintf(str, size, "%u\n", (unsigned int)delay_ms);
> -       return ret;
> +               seq_buf_printf(s, "%u\n", (unsigned int)delay_ms);
>  }
>
>  static int delay_use_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> @@ -151,11 +146,12 @@ static int delay_use_set(const char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int delay_use_get(char *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int delay_use_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         unsigned int delay_ms = *((unsigned int *)kp->arg);
>
> -       return format_delay_ms(delay_ms, 3, "ms", s, PAGE_SIZE);
> +       format_delay_ms(delay_ms, 3, "ms", s);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(delay_use_ops, delay_use_set, delay_use_get);
> diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
> index f6df9c76ee81..81a7455e4643 100644
> --- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
> +++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_mmio.c
> @@ -728,24 +728,21 @@ static int vm_cmdline_set(const char *device,
>
>  static int vm_cmdline_get_device(struct device *dev, void *data)
>  {
> -       char *buffer = data;
> -       unsigned int len = strlen(buffer);
> +       struct seq_buf *s = data;
>         struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
>
> -       snprintf(buffer + len, PAGE_SIZE - len, "0x%llx at 0x%llx:%llu:%d\n",
> -                       pdev->resource[0].end - pdev->resource[0].start + 1ULL,
> -                       (unsigned long long)pdev->resource[0].start,
> -                       (unsigned long long)pdev->resource[1].start,
> -                       pdev->id);
> +       seq_buf_printf(s, "0x%llx at 0x%llx:%llu:%d\n",
> +                      pdev->resource[0].end - pdev->resource[0].start + 1ULL,
> +                      (unsigned long long)pdev->resource[0].start,
> +                      (unsigned long long)pdev->resource[1].start,
> +                      pdev->id);
>         return 0;
>  }
>
> -static int vm_cmdline_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int vm_cmdline_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -       buffer[0] = '\0';
> -       device_for_each_child(&vm_cmdline_parent, buffer,
> -                       vm_cmdline_get_device);
> -       return strlen(buffer) + 1;
> +       device_for_each_child(&vm_cmdline_parent, s, vm_cmdline_get_device);
> +       return 0;
>  }
>
>  static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(vm_cmdline_param_ops, vm_cmdline_set,
> diff --git a/lib/dynamic_debug.c b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
> index cf0405ba0dbd..123f061c2fb2 100644
> --- a/lib/dynamic_debug.c
> +++ b/lib/dynamic_debug.c
> @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
>  #include <linux/module.h>
>  #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
>  #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
> +#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
>  #include <linux/types.h>
>  #include <linux/mutex.h>
>  #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
> @@ -787,7 +788,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(param_set_dyndbg_classes);
>   * altered by direct >control.  Displays 0x for DISJOINT, 0-N for
>   * LEVEL Returns: #chars written or <0 on error
>   */
> -int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +int param_get_dyndbg_classes(struct seq_buf *buffer,
> +                            const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>         const struct ddebug_class_param *dcp = kp->arg;
>         const struct ddebug_class_map *map = dcp->map;
> @@ -796,11 +798,13 @@ int param_get_dyndbg_classes(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>
>         case DD_CLASS_TYPE_DISJOINT_NAMES:
>         case DD_CLASS_TYPE_DISJOINT_BITS:
> -               return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "0x%lx\n", *dcp->bits);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "0x%lx\n", *dcp->bits);
> +               return 0;
>
>         case DD_CLASS_TYPE_LEVEL_NAMES:
>         case DD_CLASS_TYPE_LEVEL_NUM:
> -               return scnprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", *dcp->lvl);
> +               seq_buf_printf(buffer, "%d\n", *dcp->lvl);
> +               return 0;
>         default:
>                 return -1;
>         }
> --
> 2.34.1
>


From arnd at arndb.de  Fri May 22 11:54:31 2026
From: arnd at arndb.de (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 20:54:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] x86: remove dependencies on CONFIG_M... CPU options
In-Reply-To: <57e5a8e2-d277-459b-a10f-48c5f1b5f0cf@suse.com>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
 <20260522141959.1071595-6-arnd@kernel.org>
 <57e5a8e2-d277-459b-a10f-48c5f1b5f0cf@suse.com>
Message-ID: <caee6c86-00ee-4f91-b449-f91606d03942@app.fastmail.com>

On Fri, May 22, 2026, at 17:46, Juergen Gross wrote:
> On 22.05.26 16:19, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>>
>> --- a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
>> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
>> @@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ config XEN
>>   	select X86_HV_CALLBACK_VECTOR
>>   	select HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS
>>   	depends on X86_64 || (X86_32 && X86_PAE)
>> -	depends on X86_64 || (X86_GENERIC || MPENTIUM4 || MATOM)
>> -	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_TSC
>> +	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC
>
> This is problematic. See commit 93cd05976498.
>
> Maybe use "depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT >= 6" instead?

After patch 6/8, this is always true, so I suppose it would
if that came first, right?

On a related note, are there still remaining Xen users on new
32-bit guest kernels? I understand that one could still run
modern kernels on 32-bit Xen-4.2 (EOL in 2015), and that 64-bit
Xen still supports older 32-bit guest operating systems for
compatibility, but I'm not sure if there is any reason to
legitimately run a 32-bit linux-7.x kernel on a 64-bit Xen
instead of running a better supported 64-bit guest kernel.

     Arnd


From jgross at suse.com  Fri May 22 12:00:00 2026
From: jgross at suse.com (=?UTF-8?B?SsO8cmdlbiBHcm/Dnw==?=)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 21:00:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] x86: remove dependencies on CONFIG_M... CPU options
In-Reply-To: <caee6c86-00ee-4f91-b449-f91606d03942@app.fastmail.com>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
 <20260522141959.1071595-6-arnd@kernel.org>
 <57e5a8e2-d277-459b-a10f-48c5f1b5f0cf@suse.com>
 <caee6c86-00ee-4f91-b449-f91606d03942@app.fastmail.com>
Message-ID: <be2e816b-3940-4d1e-922f-2c4687d3e09b@suse.com>

On 22.05.26 20:54, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Fri, May 22, 2026, at 17:46, Juergen Gross wrote:
>> On 22.05.26 16:19, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>>>
>>> --- a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
>>> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
>>> @@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ config XEN
>>>    	select X86_HV_CALLBACK_VECTOR
>>>    	select HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS
>>>    	depends on X86_64 || (X86_32 && X86_PAE)
>>> -	depends on X86_64 || (X86_GENERIC || MPENTIUM4 || MATOM)
>>> -	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_TSC
>>> +	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC
>>
>> This is problematic. See commit 93cd05976498.
>>
>> Maybe use "depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT >= 6" instead?
> 
> After patch 6/8, this is always true, so I suppose it would
> if that came first, right?

Yes, agreed.

> 
> On a related note, are there still remaining Xen users on new
> 32-bit guest kernels? I understand that one could still run
> modern kernels on 32-bit Xen-4.2 (EOL in 2015), and that 64-bit
> Xen still supports older 32-bit guest operating systems for
> compatibility, but I'm not sure if there is any reason to
> legitimately run a 32-bit linux-7.x kernel on a 64-bit Xen
> instead of running a better supported 64-bit guest kernel.

 From the logical point of view I totally agree. OTOH users are humans,
so they might not agree with that. ;-)


Juergen
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From david.laight.linux at gmail.com  Fri May 22 14:22:00 2026
From: david.laight.linux at gmail.com (David Laight)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 22:22:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] x86: remove dependencies on CONFIG_M... CPU options
In-Reply-To: <be2e816b-3940-4d1e-922f-2c4687d3e09b@suse.com>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
	<20260522141959.1071595-6-arnd@kernel.org>
	<57e5a8e2-d277-459b-a10f-48c5f1b5f0cf@suse.com>
	<caee6c86-00ee-4f91-b449-f91606d03942@app.fastmail.com>
	<be2e816b-3940-4d1e-922f-2c4687d3e09b@suse.com>
Message-ID: <20260522222200.50bcdfdd@pumpkin>

On Fri, 22 May 2026 21:00:00 +0200
J?rgen Gro? <jgross at suse.com> wrote:

> On 22.05.26 20:54, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> > On Fri, May 22, 2026, at 17:46, Juergen Gross wrote:  
> >> On 22.05.26 16:19, Arnd Bergmann wrote:  
> >>>
> >>> --- a/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
> >>> +++ b/arch/x86/xen/Kconfig
> >>> @@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ config XEN
> >>>    	select X86_HV_CALLBACK_VECTOR
> >>>    	select HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS
> >>>    	depends on X86_64 || (X86_32 && X86_PAE)
> >>> -	depends on X86_64 || (X86_GENERIC || MPENTIUM4 || MATOM)
> >>> -	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_TSC
> >>> +	depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC  
> >>
> >> This is problematic. See commit 93cd05976498.
> >>
> >> Maybe use "depends on X86_LOCAL_APIC && X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT >= 6" instead?  
> > 
> > After patch 6/8, this is always true, so I suppose it would
> > if that came first, right?  
> 
> Yes, agreed.
> 
> > 
> > On a related note, are there still remaining Xen users on new
> > 32-bit guest kernels? I understand that one could still run
> > modern kernels on 32-bit Xen-4.2 (EOL in 2015), and that 64-bit
> > Xen still supports older 32-bit guest operating systems for
> > compatibility, but I'm not sure if there is any reason to
> > legitimately run a 32-bit linux-7.x kernel on a 64-bit Xen
> > instead of running a better supported 64-bit guest kernel.  
> 
>  From the logical point of view I totally agree. OTOH users are humans,
> so they might not agree with that. ;-)

You might just want to test a 32bit kernel ?

-- David

> 
> 
> Juergen



From david.laight.linux at gmail.com  Fri May 22 14:33:49 2026
From: david.laight.linux at gmail.com (David Laight)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 22:33:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] x86: simplify 32-bit instruction set selection
In-Reply-To: <20260522141959.1071595-9-arnd@kernel.org>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
	<20260522141959.1071595-9-arnd@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260522223349.155dfe20@pumpkin>

On Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:59 +0200
Arnd Bergmann <arnd at kernel.org> wrote:

> From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
...
> Change the CPU selection to build everything with either -march=i586
> or -march=i686 and make the specific options only change the -mtune=
> parameter where this was previously handled by -march=. Note that
> the only -mtune= options that gcc or clang understand for x86-32
> are i486, pentium, pentiumpro, pentium4, atom, geode, k6 and athlon,
> the other ten are just aliases for one of them.

Hmmm... That rather implies there is nothing for anything designed
in the last 20 years.
No wonder code generation choices look strange at times.

You don't want to pick p4, so I guess either p-pro or athlon?
But neither is really anything like even Sandy bridge.

-- David


From arnd at arndb.de  Sat May 23 01:51:41 2026
From: arnd at arndb.de (Arnd Bergmann)
Date: Sat, 23 May 2026 10:51:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] x86: simplify 32-bit instruction set selection
In-Reply-To: <20260522223349.155dfe20@pumpkin>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
 <20260522141959.1071595-9-arnd@kernel.org> <20260522223349.155dfe20@pumpkin>
Message-ID: <9789e44c-cad6-4fb9-b684-ed132347a92d@app.fastmail.com>

On Fri, May 22, 2026, at 23:33, David Laight wrote:
> On Fri, 22 May 2026 16:19:59 +0200
> Arnd Bergmann <arnd at kernel.org> wrote:
>
>> From: Arnd Bergmann <arnd at arndb.de>
> ...
>> Change the CPU selection to build everything with either -march=i586
>> or -march=i686 and make the specific options only change the -mtune=
>> parameter where this was previously handled by -march=. Note that
>> the only -mtune= options that gcc or clang understand for x86-32
>> are i486, pentium, pentiumpro, pentium4, atom, geode, k6 and athlon,
>> the other ten are just aliases for one of them.
>
> Hmmm... That rather implies there is nothing for anything designed
> in the last 20 years.
> No wonder code generation choices look strange at times.

I think this is correct: I can only think of two 32-bit x86
cores designed in the past 20 year: Quark is basically a i486
pipeline and rarely used with Linux these days. RDC Emkore
is still used in low-end SoCs like Vortex86EX2 but never
gained GCC support.

> You don't want to pick p4, so I guess either p-pro or athlon?

If you have a p4, why wouldn't you pick that option?

Most other 32-bit Intel cores (Pentium II, Pentium III,
Pentium-M, Yonah/Core) are indeed iterations of
Pentium Pro, picking the more specific Kconfig option
has never had any effect on gcc tuning parameters.

If you want a kernel that can run more more than one
CPU, CONFIG_X86_GENERIC will still do that, but that
is likely measurably worse on the more sensitive cores
like k6/nx686 or geode/cx5x86.

> But neither is really anything like even Sandy bridge.

Sandy Bridge was well into the 64-bit era. Even when that was
new, you wouldn't have run a 32-bit kernel on it (or cared
about CPU optimizations if you did). For x86-64 there is no
CPU selection and we just always build with -mtune=generic.
Thisi works well with any out-of-order microarchitecture.

       Arnd


From david.laight.linux at gmail.com  Sat May 23 03:02:16 2026
From: david.laight.linux at gmail.com (David Laight)
Date: Sat, 23 May 2026 11:02:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] x86: simplify 32-bit instruction set selection
In-Reply-To: <9789e44c-cad6-4fb9-b684-ed132347a92d@app.fastmail.com>
References: <20260522141959.1071595-1-arnd@kernel.org>
	<20260522141959.1071595-9-arnd@kernel.org>
	<20260522223349.155dfe20@pumpkin>
	<9789e44c-cad6-4fb9-b684-ed132347a92d@app.fastmail.com>
Message-ID: <20260523110216.2724bf6b@pumpkin>

On Sat, 23 May 2026 10:51:41 +0200
"Arnd Bergmann" <arnd at arndb.de> wrote:

> On Fri, May 22, 2026, at 23:33, David Laight wrote:
...
> > But neither is really anything like even Sandy bridge.  
> 
> Sandy Bridge was well into the 64-bit era. Even when that was
> new, you wouldn't have run a 32-bit kernel on it (or cared
> about CPU optimizations if you did). For x86-64 there is no
> CPU selection and we just always build with -mtune=generic.
> This works well with any out-of-order microarchitecture.

For some reason I was thinking the same mtune list would apply to 64bit
(even though some would clearly be pointless).

I probably got fooled by you saying that the other ten are aliases.

-- David

> 
>        Arnd



From petr.pavlu at suse.com  Mon May 25 06:27:13 2026
From: petr.pavlu at suse.com (Petr Pavlu)
Date: Mon, 25 May 2026 15:27:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] moduleparam: Add DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS macro
 family
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-3-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
 <20260521133326.2465264-3-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <1c21f66f-0d0f-4a8b-835b-23408242cff1@suse.com>

On 5/21/26 3:33 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> Add macros that define a struct kernel_param_ops initializer through a
> macro so the underlying field layout can evolve without touching every
> call site. Three variants cover the three cases:
> 
>  DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(name, set, get) // basic
>  DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_NOARG(name, set, get) // set KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG
>  DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(name, set, get, free) // also set .free
> 
> Callers prefix their own visibility qualifiers, e.g.:
> 
>   static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);
> 
> Also update module_param_call() and STANDARD_PARAM_DEF() to use
> DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS internally so the generated ops table will go
> through the same macro as everything else.
> 
> Subsequent commits convert all open-coded struct kernel_param_ops
> definitions to use these macros, in preparation for migrating to a
> seq_buf .get API.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
> ---
>  include/linux/moduleparam.h | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  kernel/params.c             |  6 ++----
>  2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
> index 075f28585074..26bf45b36d02 100644
> --- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
> +++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
> @@ -68,6 +68,39 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
>  	void (*free)(void *arg);
>  };
>  
> +/*
> + * Define a const struct kernel_param_ops initializer. Callers prefix with
> + * any required visibility qualifiers (typically "static"):
> + *
> + *   static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);
> + *
> + * Routing the @_set and @_get function pointers through the macro
> + * (rather than naming the struct fields at every call site) lets the
> + * field layout change in one place when callbacks are migrated to a
> + * new signature.
> + */

Nit: The newly introduced DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS*() macros remain in
place at the end of the series after the migration is complete and this
comment is removed in patch 7. It would be helpful to describe in the
commit message why these macros are generally preferable to defining
kernel_param_ops instances directly.

I assume the motivation is that the structure is simple enough and using
macros then makes defining kernel_param_ops instances a bit more
concise. A minor disadvantage is that some analysis tools, such as
ctags, may no longer see the generated definition, but that is also the
case for DEFINE_MUTEX() and other similar macros.

-- 
Thanks,
Petr


From petr.pavlu at suse.com  Mon May 25 06:35:06 2026
From: petr.pavlu at suse.com (Petr Pavlu)
Date: Mon, 25 May 2026 15:35:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops
 initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
 <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <da358ae1-91b4-4a16-ac76-ffab99c230b9@suse.com>

On 5/21/26 3:33 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> Using Coccinelle, rewrite every struct kernel_param_ops initializer that
> sets .get into a DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS-family macro invocation,
> for example:
> 
> @@
> declarer name DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS;
> identifier OPS;
> expression SET, GET;
> @@
> - const struct kernel_param_ops OPS = {
> -       .set = SET,
> -       .get = GET,
> - };
> + DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(OPS, SET, GET);
> 
> Using the macro for initialization means future changes can manipulate
> the struct layout and callback prototypes without having to change every
> initializer.

Nit: For consistency, I suggest also converting the few remaining
kernel_param_ops instances that specify only .set and no .get, such as
simdisk_param_ops_filename.

-- 
Thanks,
Petr


From petr.pavlu at suse.com  Mon May 25 09:19:19 2026
From: petr.pavlu at suse.com (Petr Pavlu)
Date: Mon, 25 May 2026 18:19:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] moduleparam: Add seq_buf-based .get callback
 alongside .get_str
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-6-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
 <20260521133326.2465264-6-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <a4c7ccee-6189-4c74-bad8-57d1438c7d8d@suse.com>

On 5/21/26 3:33 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> Add a new struct kernel_param_ops::get callback whose signature
> takes a struct seq_buf instead of a raw char buffer:
> 
>   int (*get)(struct seq_buf *sb, const struct kernel_param *kp);
> 
> The previously-legacy .get field is now .get_str (char *buffer);
> .get is the new seq_buf-aware form.  param_attr_show() prefers .get
> when set, otherwise falls back to .get_str.  WARN_ON_ONCE() if both
> are set.  Return contract for .get:
> 
>   < 0 : errno propagated to userspace; seq_buf contents discarded
>   = 0 : success; length derived from seq_buf_used()
>   > 0 : forbidden; the dispatcher WARN_ON_ONCE()s and treats as 0
> 
> The default policy on seq_buf_has_overflowed() is silent truncation,
> matching scnprintf()/sysfs_emit() behaviour.  Callbacks that want a
> specific overflow errno can check seq_buf_has_overflowed() and
> return their preferred error.
> 
> No callbacks use .get yet; the legacy path is still the only one in use
> after this commit. A subsequent commit teaches DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
> to route initializers by type.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>

Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu at suse.com>

-- Petr


From petr.pavlu at suse.com  Mon May 25 09:24:07 2026
From: petr.pavlu at suse.com (Petr Pavlu)
Date: Mon, 25 May 2026 18:24:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] moduleparam: Route DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS get
 pointer via _Generic
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-7-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
 <20260521133326.2465264-7-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <4e54ae4a-4f7b-451d-9b37-97f30b8fefba@suse.com>

On 5/21/26 3:33 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> Make the DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS family route their _get argument to
> either .get (struct seq_buf *) or .get_str (char *) at compile time
> based on the pointer's actual function signature. Two helper macros
> do the routing:
> 
>   _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET     - return the pointer if it has the seq_buf
>                               signature, otherwise NULL of that type
>   _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR - mirror image for the char * signature
> 
> Both use _Generic; only the two valid function-pointer types are
> listed, so any third-party type is a compile error rather than
> silently falling through.
> 
> Now a callback whose body has been migrated from char * to struct
> seq_buf * needs no change at its kernel_param_ops initialization site,
> because the macro picks up the new type automatically and assigns to
> the correct field.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
> ---
>  include/linux/moduleparam.h | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
>  1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/moduleparam.h b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
> index c52120f6ac28..795bc7c654ef 100644
> --- a/include/linux/moduleparam.h
> +++ b/include/linux/moduleparam.h
> @@ -85,15 +85,32 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
>   *
>   *   static DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(my_ops, my_set, my_get);
>   *
> - * Routing the @_set and @_get function pointers through the macro
> - * (rather than naming the struct fields at every call site) lets the
> - * field layout change in one place when callbacks are migrated to a
> - * new signature.
> + * @_get may be either of:
> + *   int (*)(struct seq_buf *, const struct kernel_param *) (seq_buf)
> + *   int (*)(char *, const struct kernel_param *)           (legacy)
> + *
> + * The macro uses _Generic to route the function pointer to the
> + * matching field (.get or .get_str) at compile time, leaving the
> + * other field NULL. Each helper matches the wrong prototype signature
> + * and returns NULL, falling through to the default branch otherwise;
> + * if @_get has neither expected signature the assignment to the
> + * fields gets a normal compile-time type-mismatch error.
>   */
> +#define _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get)					\
> +	_Generic((_get),						\
> +	    int (*)(char *, const struct kernel_param *): NULL,		\
> +	    default: (_get))
> +
> +#define _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get)					\
> +	_Generic((_get),						\
> +	    int (*)(struct seq_buf *, const struct kernel_param *): NULL, \
> +	    default: (_get))
> +
>  #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(_name, _set, _get)			\
>  	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
>  		.set = (_set),						\
> -		.get_str = (_get),					\
> +		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
> +		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
>  	}
>  
>  /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG set. */
> @@ -101,14 +118,16 @@ struct kernel_param_ops {
>  	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
>  		.flags = KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FL_NOARG,			\
>  		.set = (_set),						\
> -		.get_str = (_get),					\
> +		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
> +		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
>  	}
>  
>  /* As DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS, with an additional .free callback. */
>  #define DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_FREE(_name, _set, _get, _free)		\
>  	const struct kernel_param_ops _name = {				\
>  		.set = (_set),						\
> -		.get_str = (_get),					\
> +		.get = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET(_get),			\
> +		.get_str = _KERNEL_PARAM_OPS_GET_STR(_get),		\
>  		.free = (_free),					\
>  	}
>  

Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu at suse.com>

-- Petr


From petr.pavlu at suse.com  Mon May 25 10:10:03 2026
From: petr.pavlu at suse.com (Petr Pavlu)
Date: Mon, 25 May 2026 19:10:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] params: Convert generic kernel_param_ops .get
 helpers to seq_buf
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-8-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
 <20260521133326.2465264-8-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <a192eb5c-5d16-483d-862e-d937fa1b8269@suse.com>

On 5/21/26 3:33 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> Convert the generic struct kernel_param_ops .get helpers in
> kernel/params.c directly to the seq_buf signature, drop their legacy
> "char *" form, and refresh prototypes in <linux/moduleparam.h>:
> 
>   param_get_byte/short/ushort/int/uint/long/ulong/ullong/hexint
>   param_get_charp/bool/invbool/string
>   param_array_get
> 
> The STANDARD_PARAM_DEF() macro expands to a seq_buf body for every
> numeric helper. param_array_get() now writes element output directly
> into the parent seq_buf when the element ops provide .get; it only
> allocates the per-call PAGE_SIZE bounce buffer when the element ops
> still use the legacy .get_str path. The common "rewrite the prior
> element's trailing newline as a comma" step lives outside both
> branches so the two paths share it.
> 
> The non-core changes in this commit (arch/x86/kvm, mm/kfence,
> drivers/dma/dmatest, security/apparmor) are the small set of callers that
> directly invoke one of the converted generic helpers from their own .get
> callback (e.g. an apparmor wrapper that adds a capability check and then
> delegates to param_get_bool()). Because the helpers' signature changes
> here, these wrappers must move in lockstep. Each of them is updated
> to take "struct seq_buf *" and pass it through; param_get_debug() in
> apparmor also pulls aa_print_debug_params() (and its val_mask_to_str()
> helper, in security/apparmor/lib.c) over to seq_buf, since that is the
> only consumer. No other behavioural change is intended.
> 
> Custom .get callbacks that do not delegate to a generic helper (and
> therefore still match the .get_str signature) are routed automatically
> to the .get_str field by the DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS _Generic dispatcher
> and are deliberately left alone here, to be changed separately within
> their respective subsystems.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
> ---
> [...]
> @@ -453,36 +457,46 @@ static int param_array_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  			   arr->num ?: &temp_num);
>  }
>  
> -static int param_array_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
> +static int param_array_get(struct seq_buf *s, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
> -	int i, off, ret;
> -	char *elem_buf;
>  	const struct kparam_array *arr = kp->arr;
>  	struct kernel_param p = *kp;
> +	char *elem_buf = NULL;
> +	int i, ret = 0;
>  
> -	elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
> -	if (!elem_buf)
> -		return -ENOMEM;
> +	for (i = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
> +		size_t before = s->len;
>  
> -	for (i = off = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
>  		p.arg = arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i;
>  		check_kparam_locked(p.mod);
> -		ret = arr->ops->get_str(elem_buf, &p);
> -		if (ret < 0)
> -			goto out;
> -		ret = min(ret, (int)(PAGE_SIZE - 1 - off));
> -		if (!ret)
> +
> +		if (arr->ops->get) {
> +			ret = arr->ops->get(s, &p);
> +			if (ret < 0)
> +				goto out;
> +		} else {
> +			if (!elem_buf) {
> +				elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
> +				if (!elem_buf) {
> +					ret = -ENOMEM;
> +					goto out;
> +				}
> +			}
> +			ret = arr->ops->get_str(elem_buf, &p);
> +			if (ret < 0)
> +				goto out;
> +			seq_buf_putmem(s, elem_buf, ret);
> +		}
> +
> +		/* Nothing got written (e.g. overflow) ? stop. */
> +		if (s->len == before)
>  			break;
> +
>  		/* Replace the previous element's trailing newline with a comma. */
> -		if (i)
> -			buffer[off - 1] = ',';
> -		memcpy(buffer + off, elem_buf, ret);
> -		off += ret;
> -		if (off == PAGE_SIZE - 1)
> -			break;
> +		if (i && s->buffer[before - 1] == '\n')
> +			s->buffer[before - 1] = ',';
>  	}
> -	buffer[off] = '\0';
> -	ret = off;
> +	ret = 0;
>  out:
>  	kfree(elem_buf);
>  	return ret;

Since you're almost completely rewriting the logic in param_array_get(),
I suggest tightening it up a bit. The function could warn or return an
error when a kernel_param_ops::get/get_str() call adds a string that
doesn't terminate with '\n', specifically, when the call adds either
a zero-length string or a non-zero-length string that ends with
a different character (unless an overflow occurred).

The updated code silently stops the loop when a get call returns
a zero-length string. Similarly, handling of a string not terminated by
'\n' is halfway there because of the added check
"s->buffer[before - 1] == '\n'".

-- 
Thanks,
Petr


From corbet at lwn.net  Mon May 25 13:23:26 2026
From: corbet at lwn.net (Jonathan Corbet)
Date: Mon, 25 May 2026 14:23:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] docs: fix typo in user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
In-Reply-To: <20260517022456.5895-1-ssh1326@icloud.com>
References: <20260517022456.5895-1-ssh1326@icloud.com>
Message-ID: <87v7cbz1a9.fsf@trenco.lwn.net>

Sakurai Shun <ssh1326 at icloud.com> writes:

> Replace "privilges" with "privileges"
>
> Signed-off-by: Sakurai Shun <ssh1326 at icloud.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst | 2 +-
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> index c37e8e594..9224bea5e 100644
> --- a/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/virt/uml/user_mode_linux_howto_v2.rst
> @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ an ioctl to setup the tun interface and/or use raw sockets where needed.
>  This can be achieved by granting the user a particular capability instead
>  of running UML as root.  In case of vector transport, a user can add the
>  capability ``CAP_NET_ADMIN`` or ``CAP_NET_RAW`` to the uml binary.
> -Thenceforth, UML can be run with normal user privilges, along with
> +Thenceforth, UML can be run with normal user privileges, along with
>  full networking.

Applied, thanks.

jon


From petr.pavlu at suse.com  Mon May 25 23:53:06 2026
From: petr.pavlu at suse.com (Petr Pavlu)
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 08:53:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 00/11] Convert moduleparams to seq_buf
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <88c5ca1d-eeda-4023-bc7a-397b92780db9@suse.com>

On 5/21/26 3:33 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I tried to trim the CC list here, but it's still pretty huge...
> 
> We've had a long-standing issue with "write to a string pointer" callbacks
> that don't bounds check the destination (and for which the bounds is
> also not part of the callback prototype, even if it is "known" to be
> PAGE_SIZE, which sysfs_emit() depends on). Both moduleparams and sysfs
> use this pattern. As a first step, and to test the migration method,
> migrate moduleparams first.
> 
> There are 2 "mechanical" treewide patches that are handled by Coccinelle:
> - treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
> - treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks to seq_buf via cocci
> 
> The last treewide patch is manual, and may need to be broken up into
> per-subsystem patches, though I'd prefer to avoid this, as it would
> extend the migration from 1 relase to at least 2 releases. (1 to
> release the migration infrastructure, then 1 release to collect all the
> subsystem changes, and possibly 1 more release to remove the migration
> infrastructure.)
> 
> Thoughts, questions?

This looks reasonable to me. I added a few minor comments on the patches
but they already look solid.

-- 
Thanks,
Petr


From contato at henrybarreto.dev  Wed May 27 14:35:24 2026
From: contato at henrybarreto.dev (Henry Barreto)
Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 18:35:24 -0300
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX mode
Message-ID: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>

From: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>

Bringing a UML vector netdev up can panic in vector_net_open() with a
fault in _raw_spin_lock().

vector_net_open() calls vector_reset_stats(), which takes the RX and TX
queue locks. However, queue allocation depends on runtime transport
options. With tap transport, vector RX/TX queues are not created and the
legacy header buffers are used instead. Taking a queue lock then
dereferences a NULL queue pointer.

Take the queue locks in vector_reset_stats() only when the corresponding
queue exists. Also move the RX queue lock in vector_poll() into the
VECTOR_RX path, so legacy RX does not touch rx_queue.

Fixes: 612a8c8e0b43 ("um: vector: Replace locks guarding queue depth with atomics")
Signed-off-by: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>
---
 arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c
index 25d9258fa592..70762f15d093 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c
@@ -110,19 +110,26 @@ static void vector_reset_stats(struct vector_private *vp)
 	 * in vector_poll.
 	 */
 
-	spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
+	if (vp->rx_queue)
+		spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
+
 	vp->estats.rx_queue_max = 0;
 	vp->estats.rx_queue_running_average = 0;
 	vp->estats.rx_encaps_errors = 0;
 	vp->estats.sg_ok = 0;
 	vp->estats.sg_linearized = 0;
-	spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
+
+	if (vp->rx_queue)
+		spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
+
 
 	/* TX stats are modified with TX head_lock held
 	 * in vector_send.
 	 */
 
-	spin_lock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
+	if (vp->tx_queue)
+		spin_lock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
+
 	vp->estats.tx_timeout_count = 0;
 	vp->estats.tx_restart_queue = 0;
 	vp->estats.tx_kicks = 0;
@@ -130,7 +137,10 @@ static void vector_reset_stats(struct vector_private *vp)
 	vp->estats.tx_flow_control_xoff = 0;
 	vp->estats.tx_queue_max = 0;
 	vp->estats.tx_queue_running_average = 0;
-	spin_unlock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
+
+	if (vp->tx_queue)
+		spin_unlock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
+
 }
 
 static int get_mtu(struct arglist *def)
@@ -1168,15 +1178,15 @@ static int vector_poll(struct napi_struct *napi, int budget)
 
 	if ((vp->options & VECTOR_TX) != 0)
 		tx_enqueued = (vector_send(vp->tx_queue) > 0);
-	spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
-	if ((vp->options & VECTOR_RX) > 0)
+	if ((vp->options & VECTOR_RX) > 0) {
+		spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
 		err = vector_mmsg_rx(vp, budget);
-	else {
+		spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
+	} else {
 		err = vector_legacy_rx(vp);
 		if (err > 0)
 			err = 1;
 	}
-	spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
 	if (err > 0)
 		work_done += err;
 
-- 
2.54.0



From johannes at sipsolutions.net  Thu May 28 00:13:37 2026
From: johannes at sipsolutions.net (Johannes Berg)
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 09:13:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX
 mode
In-Reply-To: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
References: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
Message-ID: <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>

On Wed, 2026-05-27 at 18:35 -0300, Henry Barreto wrote:
> From: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>
> 
> Bringing a UML vector netdev up can panic in vector_net_open() with a
> fault in _raw_spin_lock().
> 
> vector_net_open() calls vector_reset_stats(), which takes the RX and TX
> queue locks. However, queue allocation depends on runtime transport
> options. With tap transport, vector RX/TX queues are not created and the
> legacy header buffers are used instead. Taking a queue lock then
> dereferences a NULL queue pointer.
> 
> Take the queue locks in vector_reset_stats() only when the corresponding
> queue exists. Also move the RX queue lock in vector_poll() into the
> VECTOR_RX path, so legacy RX does not touch rx_queue.
> 
> Fixes: 612a8c8e0b43 ("um: vector: Replace locks guarding queue depth with atomics")

So ... you're effectively saying that the tap transport has been broken
since 6.12, released ~1.5 years ago.

Maybe we should just remove that entirely since nobody complained?

johannes


From anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com  Thu May 28 01:00:49 2026
From: anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com (Anton Ivanov)
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 09:00:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX
 mode
In-Reply-To: <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>
References: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
 <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>
Message-ID: <a3be3b6c-3347-4b5b-97fa-2431cfb76623@cambridgegreys.com>



On 28/05/2026 08:13, Johannes Berg wrote:
> On Wed, 2026-05-27 at 18:35 -0300, Henry Barreto wrote:
>> From: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>
>>
>> Bringing a UML vector netdev up can panic in vector_net_open() with a
>> fault in _raw_spin_lock().
>>
>> vector_net_open() calls vector_reset_stats(), which takes the RX and TX
>> queue locks. However, queue allocation depends on runtime transport
>> options. With tap transport, vector RX/TX queues are not created and the
>> legacy header buffers are used instead. Taking a queue lock then
>> dereferences a NULL queue pointer.
>>
>> Take the queue locks in vector_reset_stats() only when the corresponding
>> queue exists. Also move the RX queue lock in vector_poll() into the
>> VECTOR_RX path, so legacy RX does not touch rx_queue.
>>
>> Fixes: 612a8c8e0b43 ("um: vector: Replace locks guarding queue depth with atomics")
> 
> So ... you're effectively saying that the tap transport has been broken
> since 6.12, released ~1.5 years ago.

The one I use is raw :) It is the most useful.

Tap badly needs someone to expose the socket which the kernel uses to implement it. I started writing a kernel helper at some point, but never finished it. It should be able to produce "stupid speeds" with it.

And, yes indeed, this was broken by 612a8c8e0b43ba7e3d0e51f6f76a5fec4912d439 / 2024-07-05 which by the look of it I did not test for tap.

Nice catch.

> 
> Maybe we should just remove that entirely since nobody complained?
> 
> johannes
> 

-- 
Anton R. Ivanov
Cambridgegreys Limited. Registered in England. Company Number 10273661
https://www.cambridgegreys.com/



From anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com  Thu May 28 00:31:04 2026
From: anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com (Anton Ivanov)
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 08:31:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX
 mode
In-Reply-To: <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>
References: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
 <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>
Message-ID: <d19f715e-b8c3-4351-a34b-067a3f591c5a@cambridgegreys.com>



On 28/05/2026 08:13, Johannes Berg wrote:
> On Wed, 2026-05-27 at 18:35 -0300, Henry Barreto wrote:
>> From: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>
>>
>> Bringing a UML vector netdev up can panic in vector_net_open() with a
>> fault in _raw_spin_lock().
>>
>> vector_net_open() calls vector_reset_stats(), which takes the RX and TX
>> queue locks. However, queue allocation depends on runtime transport
>> options. With tap transport, vector RX/TX queues are not created and the
>> legacy header buffers are used instead. Taking a queue lock then
>> dereferences a NULL queue pointer.
>>
>> Take the queue locks in vector_reset_stats() only when the corresponding
>> queue exists. Also move the RX queue lock in vector_poll() into the
>> VECTOR_RX path, so legacy RX does not touch rx_queue.
>>
>> Fixes: 612a8c8e0b43 ("um: vector: Replace locks guarding queue depth with atomics")
> 
> So ... you're effectively saying that the tap transport has been broken
> since 6.12, released ~1.5 years ago.
> 
> Maybe we should just remove that entirely since nobody complained?
> 
> johannes
> 
> 

More interesting while it was not observed in testing.

The patch is OK otherwise. I will ack it.

-- 
Anton R. Ivanov
Cambridgegreys Limited. Registered in England. Company Number 10273661
https://www.cambridgegreys.com/



From anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com  Thu May 28 01:02:28 2026
From: anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com (Anton Ivanov)
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 09:02:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX
 mode
In-Reply-To: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
References: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
Message-ID: <5318a8f9-eadf-4cc5-978b-8749d44d0acb@cambridgegreys.com>



On 27/05/2026 22:35, Henry Barreto wrote:
> From: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>
> 
> Bringing a UML vector netdev up can panic in vector_net_open() with a
> fault in _raw_spin_lock().
> 
> vector_net_open() calls vector_reset_stats(), which takes the RX and TX
> queue locks. However, queue allocation depends on runtime transport
> options. With tap transport, vector RX/TX queues are not created and the
> legacy header buffers are used instead. Taking a queue lock then
> dereferences a NULL queue pointer.
> 
> Take the queue locks in vector_reset_stats() only when the corresponding
> queue exists. Also move the RX queue lock in vector_poll() into the
> VECTOR_RX path, so legacy RX does not touch rx_queue.
> 
> Fixes: 612a8c8e0b43 ("um: vector: Replace locks guarding queue depth with atomics")
> Signed-off-by: Henry Barreto <me at henrybarreto.dev>
> ---
>   arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++--------
>   1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c
> index 25d9258fa592..70762f15d093 100644
> --- a/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c
> +++ b/arch/um/drivers/vector_kern.c
> @@ -110,19 +110,26 @@ static void vector_reset_stats(struct vector_private *vp)
>   	 * in vector_poll.
>   	 */
>   
> -	spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
> +	if (vp->rx_queue)
> +		spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
> +
>   	vp->estats.rx_queue_max = 0;
>   	vp->estats.rx_queue_running_average = 0;
>   	vp->estats.rx_encaps_errors = 0;
>   	vp->estats.sg_ok = 0;
>   	vp->estats.sg_linearized = 0;
> -	spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
> +
> +	if (vp->rx_queue)
> +		spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
> +
>   
>   	/* TX stats are modified with TX head_lock held
>   	 * in vector_send.
>   	 */
>   
> -	spin_lock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
> +	if (vp->tx_queue)
> +		spin_lock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
> +
>   	vp->estats.tx_timeout_count = 0;
>   	vp->estats.tx_restart_queue = 0;
>   	vp->estats.tx_kicks = 0;
> @@ -130,7 +137,10 @@ static void vector_reset_stats(struct vector_private *vp)
>   	vp->estats.tx_flow_control_xoff = 0;
>   	vp->estats.tx_queue_max = 0;
>   	vp->estats.tx_queue_running_average = 0;
> -	spin_unlock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
> +
> +	if (vp->tx_queue)
> +		spin_unlock(&vp->tx_queue->head_lock);
> +
>   }
>   
>   static int get_mtu(struct arglist *def)
> @@ -1168,15 +1178,15 @@ static int vector_poll(struct napi_struct *napi, int budget)
>   
>   	if ((vp->options & VECTOR_TX) != 0)
>   		tx_enqueued = (vector_send(vp->tx_queue) > 0);
> -	spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
> -	if ((vp->options & VECTOR_RX) > 0)
> +	if ((vp->options & VECTOR_RX) > 0) {
> +		spin_lock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
>   		err = vector_mmsg_rx(vp, budget);
> -	else {
> +		spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
> +	} else {
>   		err = vector_legacy_rx(vp);
>   		if (err > 0)
>   			err = 1;
>   	}
> -	spin_unlock(&vp->rx_queue->head_lock);
>   	if (err > 0)
>   		work_done += err;
>   

Acked-By: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com>

-- 
Anton R. Ivanov
Cambridgegreys Limited. Registered in England. Company Number 10273661
https://www.cambridgegreys.com/



From johannes at sipsolutions.net  Thu May 28 01:17:50 2026
From: johannes at sipsolutions.net (Johannes Berg)
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 10:17:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX
 mode
In-Reply-To: <a3be3b6c-3347-4b5b-97fa-2431cfb76623@cambridgegreys.com>
References: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
	 <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>
	 <a3be3b6c-3347-4b5b-97fa-2431cfb76623@cambridgegreys.com>
Message-ID: <21c2c12a804d662d74c3518267d90e045223583e.camel@sipsolutions.net>

On Thu, 2026-05-28 at 09:00 +0100, Anton Ivanov wrote:
> > 
> > So ... you're effectively saying that the tap transport has been broken
> > since 6.12, released ~1.5 years ago.
> 
> The one I use is raw :) It is the most useful.

Right.

> Tap badly needs someone to expose the socket which the kernel uses to implement it. I started writing a kernel helper at some point, but never finished it. It should be able to produce "stupid speeds" with it.
> 
> And, yes indeed, this was broken by 612a8c8e0b43ba7e3d0e51f6f76a5fec4912d439 / 2024-07-05 which by the look of it I did not test for tap.
> 

Yeah, I guess I'm just thinking that clearly nobody uses it, the
infrastructure isn't there (as you say), and it was broken for a rather
long time now and nobody complained (that we know of.)

So ... is it worth even keeping it? I'm fine either way, just wondering.

johannes


From anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com  Thu May 28 01:21:38 2026
From: anton.ivanov at cambridgegreys.com (Anton Ivanov)
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 09:21:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] um: vector: avoid NULL queue dereference in legacy RX
 mode
In-Reply-To: <21c2c12a804d662d74c3518267d90e045223583e.camel@sipsolutions.net>
References: <20260527213524.45903-1-contato@henrybarreto.dev>
 <b72e33e9d651f67ff2236b21fc13c3c78a99cb97.camel@sipsolutions.net>
 <a3be3b6c-3347-4b5b-97fa-2431cfb76623@cambridgegreys.com>
 <21c2c12a804d662d74c3518267d90e045223583e.camel@sipsolutions.net>
Message-ID: <d93d4482-c520-49b1-bd22-19376102752f@cambridgegreys.com>


On 28/05/2026 09:17, Johannes Berg wrote:
> On Thu, 2026-05-28 at 09:00 +0100, Anton Ivanov wrote:
>>> So ... you're effectively saying that the tap transport has been broken
>>> since 6.12, released ~1.5 years ago.
>> The one I use is raw :) It is the most useful.
> Right.
>
>> Tap badly needs someone to expose the socket which the kernel uses to implement it. I started writing a kernel helper at some point, but never finished it. It should be able to produce "stupid speeds" with it.
>>
>> And, yes indeed, this was broken by 612a8c8e0b43ba7e3d0e51f6f76a5fec4912d439 / 2024-07-05 which by the look of it I did not test for tap.
>>
> Yeah, I guess I'm just thinking that clearly nobody uses it, the
> infrastructure isn't there (as you say), and it was broken for a rather
> long time now and nobody complained (that we know of.)

That part of the code also gets hit if you turn off vector RX or TX from the command line, so the patch is needed anyway.

>
> So ... is it worth even keeping it? I'm fine either way, just wondering.
>
> johannes
>
>
-- 
Anton R. Ivanov
Cambridgegreys Limited. Registered in England. Company Number 10273661
https://www.cambridgegreys.com/



From kees at kernel.org  Thu May 21 06:33:14 2026
From: kees at kernel.org (Kees Cook)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:14 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] params: bound array element output to the caller's page buffer
In-Reply-To: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521133326.2465264-1-kees@kernel.org>

From: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng at iscas.ac.cn>

param_array_get() appends each element's string representation into the
shared sysfs page buffer by passing buffer + off to the element getter.

That works for getters that only write a small bounded string, but
param_get_charp() and similar helpers format against PAGE_SIZE from the
pointer they receive. Once off is non-zero, an element getter can
therefore write past the end of the original sysfs page buffer.

Collect each element into a temporary PAGE_SIZE buffer first and then
copy only the remaining space into the caller's page buffer.

Cc: stable at vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu at suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng at iscas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
---
 kernel/params.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
index 74d620bc2521..752721922a15 100644
--- a/kernel/params.c
+++ b/kernel/params.c
@@ -475,22 +475,36 @@ static int param_array_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 static int param_array_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
 {
 	int i, off, ret;
+	char *elem_buf;
 	const struct kparam_array *arr = kp->arr;
 	struct kernel_param p = *kp;
 
+	elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!elem_buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	for (i = off = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
-		/* Replace \n with comma */
-		if (i)
-			buffer[off - 1] = ',';
 		p.arg = arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i;
 		check_kparam_locked(p.mod);
-		ret = arr->ops->get(buffer + off, &p);
+		ret = arr->ops->get(elem_buf, &p);
 		if (ret < 0)
-			return ret;
+			goto out;
+		ret = min(ret, (int)(PAGE_SIZE - 1 - off));
+		if (!ret)
+			break;
+		/* Replace the previous element's trailing newline with a comma. */
+		if (i)
+			buffer[off - 1] = ',';
+		memcpy(buffer + off, elem_buf, ret);
 		off += ret;
+		if (off == PAGE_SIZE - 1)
+			break;
 	}
 	buffer[off] = '\0';
-	return off;
+	ret = off;
+out:
+	kfree(elem_buf);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static void param_array_free(void *arg)
-- 
2.34.1



From david.laight.linux at gmail.com  Thu May 21 09:46:31 2026
From: david.laight.linux at gmail.com (David Laight)
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 17:46:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] params: bound array element output to the
 caller's page buffer
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-1-kees@kernel.org>
References: <20260521133315.work.845-kees@kernel.org>
	<20260521133326.2465264-1-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260521174631.71a06440@pumpkin>

On Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:14 -0700
Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:

> From: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng at iscas.ac.cn>
> 
> param_array_get() appends each element's string representation into the
> shared sysfs page buffer by passing buffer + off to the element getter.
> 
> That works for getters that only write a small bounded string, but
> param_get_charp() and similar helpers format against PAGE_SIZE from the
> pointer they receive. Once off is non-zero, an element getter can
> therefore write past the end of the original sysfs page buffer.
> 
> Collect each element into a temporary PAGE_SIZE buffer first and then
> copy only the remaining space into the caller's page buffer.

Should this be using a 4k buffer on all architectures?
Initially perhaps just using a different name for the constant until
all the associated PAGE_SIZE limits have been removed.

-- David

> 
> Cc: stable at vger.kernel.org
> Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu at suse.com>
> Signed-off-by: Pengpeng Hou <pengpeng at iscas.ac.cn>
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
> ---
>  kernel/params.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++------
>  1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
> index 74d620bc2521..752721922a15 100644
> --- a/kernel/params.c
> +++ b/kernel/params.c
> @@ -475,22 +475,36 @@ static int param_array_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  static int param_array_get(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
>  {
>  	int i, off, ret;
> +	char *elem_buf;
>  	const struct kparam_array *arr = kp->arr;
>  	struct kernel_param p = *kp;
>  
> +	elem_buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!elem_buf)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
>  	for (i = off = 0; i < (arr->num ? *arr->num : arr->max); i++) {
> -		/* Replace \n with comma */
> -		if (i)
> -			buffer[off - 1] = ',';
>  		p.arg = arr->elem + arr->elemsize * i;
>  		check_kparam_locked(p.mod);
> -		ret = arr->ops->get(buffer + off, &p);
> +		ret = arr->ops->get(elem_buf, &p);
>  		if (ret < 0)
> -			return ret;
> +			goto out;
> +		ret = min(ret, (int)(PAGE_SIZE - 1 - off));
> +		if (!ret)
> +			break;
> +		/* Replace the previous element's trailing newline with a comma. */
> +		if (i)
> +			buffer[off - 1] = ',';
> +		memcpy(buffer + off, elem_buf, ret);
>  		off += ret;
> +		if (off == PAGE_SIZE - 1)
> +			break;
>  	}
>  	buffer[off] = '\0';
> -	return off;
> +	ret = off;
> +out:
> +	kfree(elem_buf);
> +	return ret;
>  }
>  
>  static void param_array_free(void *arg)



From sj at kernel.org  Fri May 22 17:38:01 2026
From: sj at kernel.org (SeongJae Park)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 17:38:01 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] treewide: Convert struct kernel_param_ops initializers to DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-4-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260523003801.86344-1-sj@kernel.org>

On Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:17 -0700 Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:

> Using Coccinelle, rewrite every struct kernel_param_ops initializer that
> sets .get into a DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS-family macro invocation,
> for example:
> 
> @@
> declarer name DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS;
> identifier OPS;
> expression SET, GET;
> @@
> - const struct kernel_param_ops OPS = {
> -       .set = SET,
> -       .get = GET,
> - };
> + DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS(OPS, SET, GET);
> 
> Using the macro for initialization means future changes can manipulate
> the struct layout and callback prototypes without having to change every
> initializer.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
> ---
[...]
>  mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           | 19 ++---
>  mm/damon/reclaim.c                            | 19 ++---
>  mm/damon/stat.c                               |  6 +-
[...]
>  samples/damon/mtier.c                         |  6 +-
>  samples/damon/prcl.c                          |  6 +-
>  samples/damon/wsse.c                          |  6 +-

For the above DAMON part changes,

Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj at kernel.org>


Thanks,
SJ

[...]


From sj at kernel.org  Fri May 22 17:45:43 2026
From: sj at kernel.org (SeongJae Park)
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 17:45:43 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] treewide: Convert custom kernel_param_ops .get callbacks to seq_buf via cocci
In-Reply-To: <20260521133326.2465264-9-kees@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260523004543.86540-1-sj@kernel.org>

+ damon at lists.linux.dev

On Thu, 21 May 2026 06:33:22 -0700 Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org> wrote:

> Using the following Coccinelle script, convert struct kernel_param_ops
> .get callbacks from "char *" to "struct seq_buf *" when the only write
> to the buffer is via a final call of scnprintf(), snprintf(), sprintf(),
> or sysfs_emit().
> 
> Since seq_buf_printf() will return -1 on overflow, and struct
> kernel_param_ops .get callbacks are expected to truncate without error,
> we must ignore the return value from seq_buf_print() and always return 0
> (as the length is calculated in the common dispatcher code).
> 
> @@
> identifier FN, BUF, KP;
> expression FMT;
> expression list ARGS;
> @@
>  int FN(
> -               char *BUF
> +               struct seq_buf *BUF
>                 , const struct kernel_param *KP)
>  {
>         ... when any
> (
> -       return scnprintf(BUF, PAGE_SIZE, FMT, ARGS);
> |
> -       return snprintf(BUF, PAGE_SIZE, FMT, ARGS);
> |
> -       return sprintf(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
> |
> -       return sysfs_emit(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
> )
> +       seq_buf_printf(BUF, FMT, ARGS);
> +       return 0;
>  }
> 
> No struct kernel_param_ops initializations need changing since
> DEFINE_KERNEL_PARAM_OPS already routes the pointer to .get or .get_str
> via _Generic based on the function signature, so converted callbacks
> are automatically moved from the .get_str to the .get callback.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees at kernel.org>
[...]
>  mm/damon/lru_sort.c                           | 14 +++---
>  mm/damon/reclaim.c                            | 14 +++---
>  mm/damon/stat.c                               | 10 ++--

For the above DAMON changes,

Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj at kernel.org>


Thanks,
SJ

[...]