[PATCH v1 2/5] KVM: riscv: Read G-stage PTEs once when walking page tables

SeungJu Cheon suunj1331 at gmail.com
Mon Sep 21 04:13:59 PDT 2026


gstage_pte_leaf() dereferences the PTE pointer, causing walkers to read
the same entry multiple times. This is safe under mmu_lock, but a
lockless walker could observe different values when deciding whether an
entry is a leaf and which child table to follow.

Make gstage_pte_leaf() take a PTE value and use a single snapshot for
presence, leaf and child-table checks. Also remove a redundant leaf
check in kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(), where mmu_lock prevents the entry
from changing.

Signed-off-by: SeungJu Cheon <suunj1331 at gmail.com>
---
 arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c
index f61ba434093c..944fa4c95aea 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/gstage.c
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ unsigned long kvm_riscv_gstage_max_pgd_levels __ro_after_init = 3;
 unsigned long kvm_riscv_gstage_max_pgd_levels __ro_after_init = 2;
 #endif
 
-#define gstage_pte_leaf(__ptep)	\
-	(pte_val(*(__ptep)) & (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))
+#define gstage_pte_leaf(__pte)	\
+	(pte_val(__pte) & (_PAGE_READ | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))
 
 static inline unsigned long gstage_pte_index(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 					     gpa_t addr, u32 level)
@@ -84,14 +84,18 @@ static int gstage_level_to_page_size(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, u32 level,
 bool kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 			       pte_t **ptepp, u32 *ptep_level)
 {
-	pte_t *ptep;
+	pte_t *ptep, pte;
 	u32 current_level = gstage->pgd_levels - 1;
 
 	*ptep_level = current_level;
 	ptep = (pte_t *)gstage->pgd;
 	ptep = &ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];
-	while (ptep && pte_val(ptep_get(ptep))) {
-		if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {
+	while (ptep) {
+		pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+		if (!pte_val(pte))
+			break;
+
+		if (gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {
 			*ptep_level = current_level;
 			*ptepp = ptep;
 			return true;
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_get_leaf(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 		if (current_level) {
 			current_level--;
 			*ptep_level = current_level;
-			ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+			ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 			ptep = &ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];
 		} else {
 			ptep = NULL;
@@ -151,10 +155,12 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	while (current_level != map->level) {
-		if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep))
+		pte_t pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+
+		if (gstage_pte_leaf(pte))
 			return -EEXIST;
 
-		if (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep))) {
+		if (!pte_val(pte)) {
 			if (!pcache)
 				return -ENOMEM;
 			next_ptep = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_alloc(pcache);
@@ -163,9 +169,7 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 			set_pte(ptep, pfn_pte(PFN_DOWN(__pa(next_ptep)),
 					      __pgprot(_PAGE_TABLE)));
 		} else {
-			if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep))
-				return -EEXIST;
-			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 		}
 
 		current_level--;
@@ -175,7 +179,7 @@ int kvm_riscv_gstage_set_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 	if (pte_val(*ptep) != pte_val(map->pte)) {
 		bool was_invalid = !pte_val(*ptep);
 		set_pte(ptep, map->pte);
-		if (gstage_pte_leaf(ptep) &&
+		if (gstage_pte_leaf(map->pte) &&
 		    !(was_invalid && riscv_has_extension_unlikely(RISCV_ISA_EXT_SVVPTC)))
 			gstage_tlb_flush(gstage, current_level, map->addr);
 	}
@@ -316,7 +320,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_split_huge(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 	unsigned long huge_pte, child_pte;
 	unsigned long child_page_size;
 	bool need_flush = false;
-	pte_t *ptep;
+	pte_t *ptep, pte;
 	int i, ret;
 
 	if (!pcache)
@@ -325,16 +329,17 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_split_huge(struct kvm_gstage *gstage,
 	while(current_level > target_level) {
 		ptep = (pte_t *)&next_ptep[gstage_pte_index(gstage, addr, current_level)];
 
-		if (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))
+		pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+		if (!pte_val(pte))
 			break;
 
-		if (!gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {
-			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+		if (!gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {
+			next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 			current_level--;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		huge_pte = pte_val(ptep_get(ptep));
+		huge_pte = pte_val(pte);
 
 		ret = gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, current_level - 1, &child_page_size);
 		if (ret)
@@ -373,7 +378,7 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 			     pte_t *ptep, u32 ptep_level, enum kvm_riscv_gstage_op op)
 {
 	int i, ret;
-	pte_t old_pte, *next_ptep;
+	pte_t old_pte, pte, *next_ptep;
 	u32 next_ptep_level;
 	unsigned long next_page_size, page_size;
 	bool flush = false;
@@ -384,11 +389,12 @@ bool kvm_riscv_gstage_op_pte(struct kvm_gstage *gstage, gpa_t addr,
 
 	WARN_ON(addr & (page_size - 1));
 
-	if (!pte_val(ptep_get(ptep)))
+	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	if (!pte_val(pte))
 		return false;
 
-	if (ptep_level && !gstage_pte_leaf(ptep)) {
-		next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(ptep_get(ptep));
+	if (ptep_level && !gstage_pte_leaf(pte)) {
+		next_ptep = (pte_t *)gstage_pte_page_vaddr(pte);
 		next_ptep_level = ptep_level - 1;
 		ret = gstage_level_to_page_size(gstage, next_ptep_level, &next_page_size);
 		if (ret)
-- 
2.52.0




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