[PATCH 7.1.y 3/6] bpf: Restrict JIT predictor flush to cBPF
Pawan Gupta
pawan.kumar.gupta at linux.intel.com
Thu Jul 9 15:23:41 PDT 2026
commit 0bb99f2cfaae6822d734d69722de30af823efdf3 upstream.
Currently predictor flush on memory reuse is done for all BPF JIT
allocations, but only cBPF programs can be loaded by an unprivileged user.
eBPF is privileged by default, and flushing predictors for all CPUs on
every eBPF reuse penalizes the common case for no security benefit.
eBPF allocations can be frequent on busy systems, only flush predictors
for cBPF programs. Trampoline and dispatcher allocations also skip the
flush as they are eBPF-only.
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta at linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel at iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel at iogearbox.net>
---
arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 4 ++--
arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c | 5 +++--
arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 4 ++--
arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c | 2 +-
arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c | 3 ++-
arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 5 +++--
include/linux/filter.h | 5 +++--
kernel/bpf/core.c | 13 ++++++++-----
kernel/bpf/dispatcher.c | 2 +-
9 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index 0816c40fc7af..9491c987e50c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -2094,7 +2094,7 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_pr
image_size = extable_offset + extable_size;
ro_header = bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(image_size, &ro_image_ptr,
sizeof(u64), &header, &image_ptr,
- jit_fill_hole);
+ jit_fill_hole, was_classic);
if (!ro_header)
goto out_off;
@@ -2782,7 +2782,7 @@ int arch_bpf_trampoline_size(const struct btf_func_model *m, u32 flags,
void *arch_alloc_bpf_trampoline(unsigned int size)
{
- return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole);
+ return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole, false);
}
void arch_free_bpf_trampoline(void *image, unsigned int size)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c b/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c
index 24913dc7f4e8..e14a8aa47fc8 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c
+++ b/arch/loongarch/net/bpf_jit.c
@@ -1762,7 +1762,7 @@ static int invoke_bpf(struct jit_ctx *ctx, struct bpf_tramp_links *tl,
void *arch_alloc_bpf_trampoline(unsigned int size)
{
- return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole);
+ return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole, false);
}
void arch_free_bpf_trampoline(void *image, unsigned int size)
@@ -2228,7 +2228,8 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_pr
image_size = prog_size + extable_size;
/* Now we know the size of the structure to make */
ro_header = bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(image_size, &ro_image_ptr, sizeof(u32),
- &header, &image_ptr, jit_fill_hole);
+ &header, &image_ptr, jit_fill_hole,
+ bpf_prog_was_classic(prog));
if (!ro_header)
goto out_offset;
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index 53ab97ad6074..73ff8a64bb7f 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_pr
alloclen = proglen + FUNCTION_DESCR_SIZE + fixup_len + extable_len;
fhdr = bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(alloclen, &fimage, 4, &hdr, &image,
- bpf_jit_fill_ill_insns);
+ bpf_jit_fill_ill_insns, bpf_prog_was_classic(fp));
if (!fhdr)
goto out_err;
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ bool bpf_jit_inlines_helper_call(s32 imm)
void *arch_alloc_bpf_trampoline(unsigned int size)
{
- return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, bpf_jit_fill_ill_insns);
+ return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, bpf_jit_fill_ill_insns, false);
}
void arch_free_bpf_trampoline(void *image, unsigned int size)
diff --git a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
index 2f1109dbf105..404a98a0fc90 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c
@@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ int arch_bpf_trampoline_size(const struct btf_func_model *m, u32 flags,
void *arch_alloc_bpf_trampoline(unsigned int size)
{
- return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, bpf_fill_ill_insns);
+ return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, bpf_fill_ill_insns, false);
}
void arch_free_bpf_trampoline(void *image, unsigned int size)
diff --git a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c
index 4365d07aaf54..ce3bd3762e08 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_core.c
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_pr
bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(prog_size + extable_size,
&jit_data->ro_image, sizeof(u32),
&jit_data->header, &jit_data->image,
- bpf_fill_ill_insns);
+ bpf_fill_ill_insns,
+ bpf_prog_was_classic(prog));
if (!jit_data->ro_header)
goto out_offset;
diff --git a/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
index ea9e707e8abf..ef8b112fd7b6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
+++ b/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c
@@ -3520,7 +3520,7 @@ static int __arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline(struct bpf_tramp_image *im, void *rw_im
void *arch_alloc_bpf_trampoline(unsigned int size)
{
- return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole);
+ return bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, jit_fill_hole, false);
}
void arch_free_bpf_trampoline(void *image, unsigned int size)
@@ -3831,7 +3831,8 @@ struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_pr
/* allocate module memory for x86 insns and extable */
header = bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(roundup(proglen, align) + extable_size,
&image, align, &rw_header, &rw_image,
- jit_fill_hole);
+ jit_fill_hole,
+ bpf_prog_was_classic(prog));
if (!header)
goto out_addrs;
prog->aux->extable = (void *) image + roundup(proglen, align);
diff --git a/include/linux/filter.h b/include/linux/filter.h
index 2a7e6cbbbe1d..ea654453e43a 100644
--- a/include/linux/filter.h
+++ b/include/linux/filter.h
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ void bpf_jit_free(struct bpf_prog *fp);
struct bpf_binary_header *
bpf_jit_binary_pack_hdr(const struct bpf_prog *fp);
-void *bpf_prog_pack_alloc(u32 size, bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns);
+void *bpf_prog_pack_alloc(u32 size, bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns, bool was_classic);
void bpf_prog_pack_free(void *ptr, u32 size);
static inline bool bpf_prog_kallsyms_verify_off(const struct bpf_prog *fp)
@@ -1329,7 +1329,8 @@ bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(unsigned int proglen, u8 **ro_image,
unsigned int alignment,
struct bpf_binary_header **rw_hdr,
u8 **rw_image,
- bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns);
+ bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns,
+ bool was_classic);
int bpf_jit_binary_pack_finalize(struct bpf_binary_header *ro_header,
struct bpf_binary_header *rw_header);
void bpf_jit_binary_pack_free(struct bpf_binary_header *ro_header,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/core.c b/kernel/bpf/core.c
index f49b9b23f95e..1b7e74e63bd4 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/core.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/core.c
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ static struct bpf_prog_pack *alloc_new_pack(bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_ins
return NULL;
}
-void *bpf_prog_pack_alloc(u32 size, bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns)
+void *bpf_prog_pack_alloc(u32 size, bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns, bool was_classic)
{
unsigned int nbits = BPF_PROG_SIZE_TO_NBITS(size);
struct bpf_prog_pack *pack;
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ void *bpf_prog_pack_alloc(u32 size, bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns)
* safe because cBPF programs (the unprivileged attack surface)
* are bounded well below a pack size.
*/
- if (static_branch_unlikely(&bpf_pred_flush_enabled))
+ if (was_classic && static_branch_unlikely(&bpf_pred_flush_enabled))
pr_warn_once("BPF: Predictors not flushed for allocations greater than BPF_PROG_PACK_SIZE\n");
size = round_up(size, PAGE_SIZE);
ptr = bpf_jit_alloc_exec(size);
@@ -989,7 +989,9 @@ void *bpf_prog_pack_alloc(u32 size, bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns)
pos = 0;
found_free_area:
- static_call_cond(bpf_arch_pred_flush)();
+ /* Flush only for cBPF as it may contain a crafted gadget */
+ if (static_branch_unlikely(&bpf_pred_flush_enabled) && was_classic)
+ static_call_cond(bpf_arch_pred_flush)();
bitmap_set(pack->bitmap, pos, nbits);
ptr = (void *)(pack->ptr) + (pos << BPF_PROG_CHUNK_SHIFT);
@@ -1149,7 +1151,8 @@ bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(unsigned int proglen, u8 **image_ptr,
unsigned int alignment,
struct bpf_binary_header **rw_header,
u8 **rw_image,
- bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns)
+ bpf_jit_fill_hole_t bpf_fill_ill_insns,
+ bool was_classic)
{
struct bpf_binary_header *ro_header;
u32 size, hole, start;
@@ -1162,7 +1165,7 @@ bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(unsigned int proglen, u8 **image_ptr,
if (bpf_jit_charge_modmem(size))
return NULL;
- ro_header = bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, bpf_fill_ill_insns);
+ ro_header = bpf_prog_pack_alloc(size, bpf_fill_ill_insns, was_classic);
if (!ro_header) {
bpf_jit_uncharge_modmem(size);
return NULL;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/dispatcher.c b/kernel/bpf/dispatcher.c
index b77db7413f8c..ea2d60dc1fee 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/dispatcher.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/dispatcher.c
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ void bpf_dispatcher_change_prog(struct bpf_dispatcher *d, struct bpf_prog *from,
mutex_lock(&d->mutex);
if (!d->image) {
- d->image = bpf_prog_pack_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, bpf_jit_fill_hole_with_zero);
+ d->image = bpf_prog_pack_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, bpf_jit_fill_hole_with_zero, false);
if (!d->image)
goto out;
d->rw_image = bpf_jit_alloc_exec(PAGE_SIZE);
--
2.43.0
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