[RFC PATCH v5 5/5] riscv/cmpxchg: Implement xchg for variables of size 1 and 2

[Andrew Jones]

On Fri, Aug 11, 2023 at 09:40:30AM +0800, Guo Ren wrote:
> On Fri, Aug 11, 2023 at 12:23 AM Palmer Dabbelt <palmer at rivosinc.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, 10 Aug 2023 09:04:04 PDT (-0700), leobras at redhat.com wrote:
> > > On Thu, 2023-08-10 at 08:51 +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> > >> On Thu, Aug 10, 2023, at 06:03, Leonardo Bras wrote:
> > >> > xchg for variables of size 1-byte and 2-bytes is not yet available for
> > >> > riscv, even though its present in other architectures such as arm64 and
> > >> > x86. This could lead to not being able to implement some locking mechanisms
> > >> > or requiring some rework to make it work properly.
> > >> >
> > >> > Implement 1-byte and 2-bytes xchg in order to achieve parity with other
> > >> > architectures.
> > >> >
> > >> > Signed-off-by: Leonardo Bras <leobras at redhat.com>
> > >>
> > >
> > > Hello Arnd Bergmann, thanks for reviewing!
> > >
> > >> Parity with other architectures by itself is not a reason to do this,
> > >> in particular the other architectures you listed have the instructions
> > >> in hardware while riscv does not.
> > >
> > > Sure, I understand RISC-V don't have native support for xchg on variables of
> > > size < 4B. My argument is that it's nice to have even an emulated version for
> > > this in case any future mechanism wants to use it.
> > >
> > > Not having it may mean we won't be able to enable given mechanism in RISC-V.
> >
> > IIUC the ask is to have a user within the kernel for these functions.
> > That's the general thing to do, and last time this came up there was no
> > in-kernel use of it -- the qspinlock stuff would, but we haven't enabled
> > it yet because we're worried about the performance/fairness stuff that
> > other ports have seen and nobody's got concrete benchmarks yet (though
> > there's another patch set out that I haven't had time to look through,
> > so that may have changed).
> Conor doesn't agree with using an alternative as a detour mechanism
> between qspinlock & ticket lock. So I'm preparing V11 with static_key
> (jump_label) style. Next version, I would separate paravirt_qspinlock
> & CNA_qspinlock from V10. That would make it easy to review the
> qspinlock patch series. You can review the next version V11. Now I'm
> debugging a static_key init problem when load_modules, which is
> triggered by our combo_qspinlock.

We've seen problems with static keys and module loading in the past. You
may want to take a look at commit eb6354e11630 ("riscv: Ensure isa-ext
static keys are writable")

Thanks,
drew

> 
> The qspinlock is being tested on the riscv platform [1] with 128 cores
> with 8 NUMA nodes, next, I would update the comparison results of
> qspinlock & ticket lock.
> 
> [1]: https://www.sophon.ai/
> 
> >
> > So if something uses these I'm happy to go look closer.
> >
> > >> Emulating the small xchg() through cmpxchg() is particularly tricky
> > >> since it's easy to run into a case where this does not guarantee
> > >> forward progress.
> > >>
> > >
> > > Didn't get this part:
> > > By "emulating small xchg() through cmpxchg()", did you mean like emulating an
> > > xchg (usually 1 instruction) with lr & sc (same used in cmpxchg) ?
> > >
> > > If so, yeah, it's a fair point: in some extreme case we could have multiple
> > > threads accessing given cacheline and have sc always failing. On the other hand,
> > > there are 2 arguments on that:
> > >
> > > 1 - Other architectures, (such as powerpc, arm and arm64 without LSE atomics)
> > > also seem to rely in this mechanism for every xchg size. Another archs like csky
> > > and loongarch use asm that look like mine to handle size < 4B xchg.
> > >
> > >
> > >>  This is also something that almost no architecture
> > >> specific code relies on (generic qspinlock being a notable exception).
> > >>
> > >
> > > 2 - As you mentioned, there should be very little code that will actually make
> > > use of xchg for vars < 4B, so it should be safe to assume its fine to not
> > > guarantee forward progress for those rare usages (like some of above mentioned
> > > archs).
> > >
> > >> I would recommend just dropping this patch from the series, at least
> > >> until there is a need for it.
> > >
> > > While I agree this is a valid point, I believe its more interesting to have it
> > > implemented if any future mechanism wants to make use of this.
> > >
> > >
> > > Thanks!
> > > Leo
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> Best Regards
>  Guo Ren
> 
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