Out-of-bounds access when hartid >= NR_CPUS

[Geert Uytterhoeven]

Hi Atish,

On Tue, Oct 26, 2021 at 10:55 AM Atish Patra <atishp at atishpatra.org> wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 25, 2021 at 8:54 AM Geert Uytterhoeven <geert at linux-m68k.org> wrote:
> > When booting a kernel with CONFIG_NR_CPUS=4 on Microchip PolarFire,
> > the 4th CPU either fails to come online, or the system crashes.
> >
> > This happens because PolarFire has 5 CPU cores: hart 0 is an e51,
> > and harts 1-4 are u54s, with the latter becoming CPUs 0-3 in Linux:
> >   - unused core has hartid 0 (sifive,e51),
> >   - processor 0 has hartid 1 (sifive,u74-mc),
> >   - processor 1 has hartid 2 (sifive,u74-mc),
> >   - processor 2 has hartid 3 (sifive,u74-mc),
> >   - processor 3 has hartid 4 (sifive,u74-mc).
> >
> > I assume the same issue is present on the SiFive fu540 and fu740
> > SoCs, but I don't have access to these.  The issue is not present
> > on StarFive JH7100, as processor 0 has hartid 1, and processor 1 has
> > hartid 0.
> >
> > arch/riscv/kernel/cpu_ops.c has:
> >
> >     void *__cpu_up_stack_pointer[NR_CPUS] __section(".data");
> >     void *__cpu_up_task_pointer[NR_CPUS] __section(".data");
> >
> >     void cpu_update_secondary_bootdata(unsigned int cpuid,
> >                                        struct task_struct *tidle)
> >     {
> >             int hartid = cpuid_to_hartid_map(cpuid);
> >
> >             /* Make sure tidle is updated */
> >             smp_mb();
> >             WRITE_ONCE(__cpu_up_stack_pointer[hartid],
> >                        task_stack_page(tidle) + THREAD_SIZE);
> >             WRITE_ONCE(__cpu_up_task_pointer[hartid], tidle);
> >
> > The above two writes cause out-of-bound accesses beyond
> > __cpu_up_{stack,pointer}_pointer[] if hartid >= CONFIG_NR_CPUS.
> >
> >     }
> >
>
> Thanks for reporting this. We need to fix this and definitely shouldn't hide it
> using configs. I guess I never tested with lower values (2 or 4) for
> CONFIG_NR_CPUS which explains how this bug was not noticed until now.

> > How to fix this?
> >
> > We could skip hartids >= NR_CPUS, but that feels strange to me, as
> > you need NR_CPUS to be larger (much larger if the first usable hartid
> > is a large number) than the number of CPUs used.
> >
> > We could store the minimum hartid, and always subtract that when
> > accessing __cpu_up_{stack,pointer}_pointer[] (also in
> > arch/riscv/kernel/head.S), but that means unused cores cannot be in the
> > middle of the hartid range.
>
> Yeah. Both of the above proposed solutions are not ideal.
>
> >
> > Are hartids guaranteed to be continuous? If not, we have no choice but
> > to index __cpu_up_{stack,pointer}_pointer[] by cpuid instead, which
> > needs a more expensive conversion in arch/riscv/kernel/head.S.
>
> This will work for ordered booting with SBI HSM extension. However, it may
> fail for spinwait booting because cpuid_to_hartid_map might not have setup
> depending on when secondary harts are jumping to linux.
>
> Ideally, the size of the __cpu_up_{stack,task}_pointer[] should be the maximum
> hartid possible. How about adding a config for that ?

(reading more RISC-V specs)
Hart IDs can use up to XLEN (32, 64, or 128) bits. So creative sparse
multi-level encodings like used in MPIDR on ARM[1] makes using a
simple array infeasible.

[1] arch/arm{,64}/include/asm/cputype.h

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

                        Geert

--
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert at linux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
                                -- Linus Torvalds