[RFC PATCH 1/2] riscv/spinlock: Strengthen implementations with fences
Andrea Parri
parri.andrea at gmail.com
Wed Mar 7 02:52:42 PST 2018
On Tue, Mar 06, 2018 at 06:02:28PM -0800, Palmer Dabbelt wrote:
> On Mon, 05 Mar 2018 10:24:09 PST (-0800), parri.andrea at gmail.com wrote:
> >Current implementations map locking operations using .rl and .aq
> >annotations. However, this mapping is unsound w.r.t. the kernel
> >memory consistency model (LKMM) [1]:
> >
> >Referring to the "unlock-lock-read-ordering" test reported below,
> >Daniel wrote:
> >
> > "I think an RCpc interpretation of .aq and .rl would in fact
> > allow the two normal loads in P1 to be reordered [...]
> >
> > The intuition would be that the amoswap.w.aq can forward from
> > the amoswap.w.rl while that's still in the store buffer, and
> > then the lw x3,0(x4) can also perform while the amoswap.w.rl
> > is still in the store buffer, all before the l1 x1,0(x2)
> > executes. That's not forbidden unless the amoswaps are RCsc,
> > unless I'm missing something.
> >
> > Likewise even if the unlock()/lock() is between two stores.
> > A control dependency might originate from the load part of
> > the amoswap.w.aq, but there still would have to be something
> > to ensure that this load part in fact performs after the store
> > part of the amoswap.w.rl performs globally, and that's not
> > automatic under RCpc."
> >
> >Simulation of the RISC-V memory consistency model confirmed this
> >expectation.
> >
> >In order to "synchronize" LKMM and RISC-V's implementation, this
> >commit strengthens the implementations of the locking operations
> >by replacing .rl and .aq with the use of ("lightweigth") fences,
> >resp., "fence rw, w" and "fence r , rw".
> >
> >C unlock-lock-read-ordering
> >
> >{}
> >/* s initially owned by P1 */
> >
> >P0(int *x, int *y)
> >{
> > WRITE_ONCE(*x, 1);
> > smp_wmb();
> > WRITE_ONCE(*y, 1);
> >}
> >
> >P1(int *x, int *y, spinlock_t *s)
> >{
> > int r0;
> > int r1;
> >
> > r0 = READ_ONCE(*y);
> > spin_unlock(s);
> > spin_lock(s);
> > r1 = READ_ONCE(*x);
> >}
> >
> >exists (1:r0=1 /\ 1:r1=0)
> >
> >[1] https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=151930201102853&w=2
> > https://groups.google.com/a/groups.riscv.org/forum/#!topic/isa-dev/hKywNHBkAXM
> > https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=151633436614259&w=2
> >
> >Signed-off-by: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea at gmail.com>
> >Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer at sifive.com>
> >Cc: Albert Ou <albert at sifive.com>
> >Cc: Daniel Lustig <dlustig at nvidia.com>
> >Cc: Alan Stern <stern at rowland.harvard.edu>
> >Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon at arm.com>
> >Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz at infradead.org>
> >Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng at gmail.com>
> >Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin at gmail.com>
> >Cc: David Howells <dhowells at redhat.com>
> >Cc: Jade Alglave <j.alglave at ucl.ac.uk>
> >Cc: Luc Maranget <luc.maranget at inria.fr>
> >Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
> >Cc: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks at gmail.com>
> >Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo at kernel.org>
> >Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds at linux-foundation.org>
> >Cc: linux-riscv at lists.infradead.org
> >Cc: linux-kernel at vger.kernel.org
> >---
> > arch/riscv/include/asm/fence.h | 12 ++++++++++++
> > arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h | 29 +++++++++++++++--------------
> > 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
> > create mode 100644 arch/riscv/include/asm/fence.h
>
> Oh, sorry about this -- I thought I'd deleted all this code, but I guess I
> just wrote a patch and then forgot about it. Here's my original patch,
> which I have marked as a WIP:
No problem.
>
> commit 39908f1f8b75ae88ce44dc77b8219a94078ad298
> Author: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer at sifive.com>
> Date: Tue Dec 5 16:26:50 2017 -0800
>
> RISC-V: Use generic spin and rw locks
>
> This might not be exactly the right thing to do: we could use LR/SC to
> produce slightly better locks by rolling the tests into the LR/SC. I'm
> going to defer that until I get a better handle on the new memory model
> and just be safe here: after some discussion I'm pretty sure the AMOs
> are good, and cmpxchg is safe (by being way too string).
I'm pretty sure you lost me (and a few other people) here.
IIUC, this says: "what we've been discussing within the last few weeks is
going to change", but not much else...
Or am I misunderstanding? You mean cmpxchg, ... as in my patch 2/2?
>
> Since we'd want to rewrite the spinlocks anyway so they queue, I don't
> see any reason to keep the old implementations around.
Keep in mind that queued locks were written and optimized for x86. arm64
only recently adopted qrwlocks:
087133ac90763cd339b6b67f2998f87dcc136c52
("locking/qrwlock, arm64: Move rwlock implementation over to qrwlocks")
This certainly needs further testing and reviewing. (Nit: your patch does
not compile on any of the "riscv" branches I'm currently tracking...)
Andrea
>
> Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer at sifive.com>
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h
> index 2fd27e8ef1fd..9b166ea81fe5 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h
> @@ -15,128 +15,7 @@
> #ifndef _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H
> #define _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H
>
> -#include <linux/kernel.h>
> -#include <asm/current.h>
> -
> -/*
> - * Simple spin lock operations. These provide no fairness guarantees.
> - */
> -
> -/* FIXME: Replace this with a ticket lock, like MIPS. */
> -
> -#define arch_spin_is_locked(x) (READ_ONCE((x)->lock) != 0)
> -
> -static inline void arch_spin_unlock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - __asm__ __volatile__ (
> - "amoswap.w.rl x0, x0, %0"
> - : "=A" (lock->lock)
> - :: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline int arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - int tmp = 1, busy;
> -
> - __asm__ __volatile__ (
> - "amoswap.w.aq %0, %2, %1"
> - : "=r" (busy), "+A" (lock->lock)
> - : "r" (tmp)
> - : "memory");
> -
> - return !busy;
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_spin_lock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - while (1) {
> - if (arch_spin_is_locked(lock))
> - continue;
> -
> - if (arch_spin_trylock(lock))
> - break;
> - }
> -}
> -
> -/***********************************************************/
> -
> -static inline void arch_read_lock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - int tmp;
> -
> - __asm__ __volatile__(
> - "1: lr.w %1, %0\n"
> - " bltz %1, 1b\n"
> - " addi %1, %1, 1\n"
> - " sc.w.aq %1, %1, %0\n"
> - " bnez %1, 1b\n"
> - : "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (tmp)
> - :: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_write_lock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - int tmp;
> -
> - __asm__ __volatile__(
> - "1: lr.w %1, %0\n"
> - " bnez %1, 1b\n"
> - " li %1, -1\n"
> - " sc.w.aq %1, %1, %0\n"
> - " bnez %1, 1b\n"
> - : "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (tmp)
> - :: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline int arch_read_trylock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - int busy;
> -
> - __asm__ __volatile__(
> - "1: lr.w %1, %0\n"
> - " bltz %1, 1f\n"
> - " addi %1, %1, 1\n"
> - " sc.w.aq %1, %1, %0\n"
> - " bnez %1, 1b\n"
> - "1:\n"
> - : "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (busy)
> - :: "memory");
> -
> - return !busy;
> -}
> -
> -static inline int arch_write_trylock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - int busy;
> -
> - __asm__ __volatile__(
> - "1: lr.w %1, %0\n"
> - " bnez %1, 1f\n"
> - " li %1, -1\n"
> - " sc.w.aq %1, %1, %0\n"
> - " bnez %1, 1b\n"
> - "1:\n"
> - : "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (busy)
> - :: "memory");
> -
> - return !busy;
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_read_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - __asm__ __volatile__(
> - "amoadd.w.rl x0, %1, %0"
> - : "+A" (lock->lock)
> - : "r" (-1)
> - : "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_write_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> - __asm__ __volatile__ (
> - "amoswap.w.rl x0, x0, %0"
> - : "=A" (lock->lock)
> - :: "memory");
> -}
> +#include <asm-generic/qspinlock.h>
> +#include <asm-generic/qrwlock.h>
>
> #endif /* _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H */
>
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