dma_opt_mapping_size returns way too low sizes when using IOMMU

[Christoph Hellwig]

On Mon, Aug 17, 2026 at 10:12:25AM +0100, John Garry wrote:
> On 17/08/2026 09:36, Christoph Hellwig wrote:
>> Hi all,
>>
>> I got reports that NVMe devices were arbitrarily limited to 128kiB
>> transfers in recent kernel. 
>
> How recent a kernel? This NVMe and DMA mapping code has not changed in 
> years as far as I know.

This was hardware QA moving from an old distro kernel to a "recent" (aka
still old) one.   But I've actually reproduced it locally on an
upstream kernel.  I guess most kernel developers or power users simply
do not run with IOMMU enabled.

>> Both the NVMe performance numbers and common sense suggest that this
>> is NOT the optimal DMA mapping granularity.  Can we pick a saner value
>> for iommu_dma_opt_mapping_size that does not restrict common I/O sizes?
>
> Note that SCSI does not use iommu_dma_opt_mapping_size() for clamping max 
> HW sectors, but instead sets opt size / max sectors from this value (so it 
> is not a hard limit there). Could we consider similar for NVMe?

We could consider that, but it would still reduce performane..

> The reason for which we have iommu_dma_opt_mapping_size() is that 
> performance can go through the floor we can't use the rcache for getting 
> the IOVA, i.e. we need to always alloc and dealloc an IOVA from the RB tree 
> for each mapping, and this can greatly reduce performance when the IOVA 
> space fills.
>
> If we increase IOVA_RANGE_CACHE_MAX_SIZE, then we just get caching of 
> larger IOVAs and I am not sure that is a great idea.

At least on the four different nvme devices I tested, the larger I/O
sizes made up for this.  But maybe the details depend on other
factors as well.