[PATCH v2 0/2] mtd: nand: properly handle bitflips in erased pages

[Boris Brezillon]

Brian,

On Mon, 24 Aug 2015 11:47:20 +0200
Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon at free-electrons.com> wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> This patch series aims at providing a common logic to check for bitflips
> in erased pages.

Could we settle on something regarding this problem?
I need that feature for the sunxi NAND driver, and we can't agree on
something I'll have to implement my own private function to do that...

> 
> Currently each driver is implementing its own logic to check for bitflips
> in erased pages. Not only this create code duplication, but most of these
> implementations are incorrect.
> Here are a few aspects that are often left aside in those implementations:
> 1/ they do not check OOB bytes when checking for the ff pattern, which
>    means they can consider a page as empty while the MTD user actually
>    wanted to write almost ff with a few bits to zero
> 2/ they check for the ff pattern on the whole page, while ECC actually
>    works on smaller chunks (usually 512 or 1024 bytes chunks)
> 3/ they use random bitflip thresholds to decide whether a page/chunk is
>    erased or not. IMO this threshold should be set to ECC strength (or
>    at least something correlated to this parameter)
> 
> The approach taken in this series is to provide two helper functions to
> check for bitflips in erased pages. Each driver that needs to check for
> such cases can then call the nand_check_erased_ecc_chunk() function, and
> rely on the common logic to decide whether a page is erased or not.
> 
> While Brian suggested a few times to make this detection automatic for
> all drivers that set a specific flag (NAND_CHECK_ERASED_BITFLIPS?), here
> is a few reasons I think this is not such a good idea:
> 1/ some (a lot of) drivers do not properly implement the raw access
>    functions, and since we need to check for raw data and OOB bytes this
>    makes the automatic detection unusable for most drivers unless they
>    decide to correctly implement those methods (which would be a good
>    thing BTW).
> 2/ as a I said earlier, this check should be made at the ECC chunk level
>    and not at the page level. This spots two problems: some (a lot of)
>    drivers do not properly specify the ecc layout information, and even
>    if the ecc layout is correctly defined, there is no way to attach ECC
>    bytes to a specific ECC chunk.
> 3/ the last aspect is the perf penalty incured by this test. Automatically
>    doing that at the NAND core level implies reading the whole page again
>    in raw mode, while with the helper function approach, drivers supporting
>    access at the ECC chunk level can read only the faulty chunk in raw
>    mode.
> 
> Regarding the bitflips threshold at which an erased pages is considered as
> faulty, I have assigned it to ECC strength. As mentioned by Andrea, using
> ECC strength might cause some trouble, because if you already have some
> bitflips in an erased page, programming it might generate even more of
> them.
> In the other hand, shouldn't that be checked after (or before) programming
> a page. I mean, UBI is already capable of detecting pages which are over
> the configured bitflips_threshold and move data around when it detects
> such pages.
> If we check data after writing a page we wouldn't have to bother about
> setting a weaker value for the "bitflips in erased page" case.
> Another thing in favor of the ECC strength value for this "bitflips in
> erased page" threshold value: if the ECC engine is generating 0xff ECC
> bytes when the page is empty, then it will be able to fix ECC strength
> bitflips without complaining, so why should we use different value when
> we detect bitflips using the pattern match approach?
> 
> Best Regards,
> 
> Boris
> 
> Changes since v1:
> - fix the nand_check_erased_buf() function
> - mark the bitflips > bitflips_threshold condition as unlikely
> - add missing memsets in nand_check_erased_ecc_chunk()
> 
> Boris Brezillon (2):
>   mtd: nand: add nand_check_erased helper functions
>   mtd: nand: use nand_check_erased_ecc_chunk in default ECC read
>     functions
> 
>  drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  include/linux/mtd/nand.h     |   8 ++
>  2 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 



-- 
Boris Brezillon, Free Electrons
Embedded Linux and Kernel engineering
http://free-electrons.com