[PATCH v2 00/27] Armada 370/XP NAND support

[Ezequiel Garcia]

On Sat, Oct 19, 2013 at 10:25:49AM -0400, Jason Cooper wrote:
> On Sat, Oct 19, 2013 at 08:35:35AM +0200, Willy Tarreau wrote:
> > Hi Ezequiel,
> > 
> > On Fri, Oct 18, 2013 at 08:02:27PM -0300, Ezequiel Garcia wrote:
> > > Hi guys,
> > > 
> > > This is the v2 of the work implementing NAND support in Armada 370/XP SoCs.
> > > This series is probably not yet complete (see below), but I feel like
> > > we're really closer now :-)
> > > 
> > > As in the previous version and given I don't have any public datasheet
> > > to show, I'll try to write some of the most relevant parts of the controller.
> > > 
> > > * NFCv2 controller background
> > > 
> > > The controller has a 2176 bytes FIFO buffer. Therefore, in order to support
> > > larger pages, I/O operations on 4 KiB and 8 KiB pages is done with a set of
> > > chunked transfers.
> > > 
> > > For instance, if we choose a 2048 data chunk and set "BCH" ECC (see below)
> > > we'll have this layout in the pages:
> > > 
> > >   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > >   | 2048B data | 32B spare | 30B ECC || 2048B data | 32B spare | 30B ECC | ... |
> > >   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > 
> > > The driver reads the data and spare portions independently and builds an internal
> > > buffer with this layout (in the 4 KiB page case):
> > > 
> > >   ------------------------------------------
> > >   |     4096B data     |     64B spare     |
> > >   ------------------------------------------
> > > 
> > > Also, for the READOOB command the driver disables the ECC and reads a 'spare + ECC'
> > > OOB, one per chunk read.
> > > 
> > >   -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > >   |     4096B data     |  32B spare | 30B ECC | 32B spare | 30B ECC |
> > >   -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > 
> > > So, in order to achieve reading (for instance), we issue several READ0 commands
> > > (with some additional controller-specific magic) and read two chunks of 2080B
> > > (2048 data + 32 spare) each.
> > > The driver accomodates this data to expose the NAND core a contiguous buffer
> > > (4096 data + spare) or (4096 + spare + ECC + spare + ECC).
> > > 
> > > * ECC
> > > 
> > > The controller has built-in hardware ECC capabilities. In addition it is
> > > configurable between two modes: 1) Hamming, 2) BCH.
> > > 
> > > Note that the actual BCH mode: BCH-4 or BCH-8 will depend on the way
> > > the controller is configured to transfer the data.
> > > 
> > > In the BCH mode the ECC code will be calculated for each transfered chunk
> > > and expected to be located (when reading/programming) right after the spare
> > > bytes as the figure above shows.
> > > 
> > > So, repeating the above scheme, a 2048B data chunk will be followed by 32B
> > > spare, and then the ECC controller will read/write the ECC code (30B in
> > > this case):
> > > 
> > >   ------------------------------------
> > >   | 2048B data | 32B spare | 30B ECC |
> > >   ------------------------------------
> > > 
> > > If the ECC mode is 'BCH' then the ECC is *always* 30 bytes long.
> > > If the ECC mode is 'Hamming' the ECC is 6 bytes long, for each 512B block.
> > > So in Hamming mode, a 2048B page will have a 24B ECC.
> > > 
> > > Despite all of the above, the controller requires the driver to only read or
> > > write in multiples of 8-bytes, because the data buffer is 64-bits.
> > > 
> > > * Changes from v1
> > > 
> > > Aside from several changes based in Brian's feedback, the main changes
> > > from v1 are:
> > > 
> > >   * The controller's clock source is now fully modeled, see patche 1 to 4.
> > >     Of course, none of those patches should be taken through the mtd
> > >     subsystem, but I'm adding them here for completeness.
> > > 
> > >   * The chip's cmdfunc() is now independently implemented in each SoC variant.
> > >     The rationale behind this decision is that 'chunked' I/O is the only tested
> > >     mode on the Armada370 variant, while the old 'vanilla' I/O is the only
> > >     tested mode on the PXA variant.
> > > 
> > >     So it's safer to have an implementation for each variant.
> > > 
> > >   * Added support for BCH-8, in other words: 8-bits of correction in a 512-byte
> > >     region. This is obtained by using a data chunk size of 1024B, thus doubling
> > >     the ECC BCH strength, as per this ECC engine mechanism.
> > > 
> > >   * The ECC layout in use, which must be set according to the page size and
> > >     desired ECC strength is now strictly chosen to match only the tested
> > >     combinations.
> > > 
> > > * Pending stuff
> > > 
> > >   1. Factory bad blocks handling
> > > 
> > >   Currently, there's no factory bad block initial scan (when the bad block
> > >   table is missing). The ECC BCH requires to layout the device's pages in
> > >   a splitted "data + OOB + data + OOB" way. This layout being different from
> > >   the factory layout. In other words,
> > > 
> > >   Factory view:
> > > 
> > >   -----------------------------------------------
> > >   |                    Data           |x  OOB   |
> > >   -----------------------------------------------
> > > 
> > >   Driver's view:
> > > 
> > >   -----------------------------------------------
> > >   |      Data      | OOB |      Data   x  | OOB |
> > >   -----------------------------------------------
> > > 
> > >   It can be seen from the above, that the factory bad block marker must be
> > >   searched within the 'data' region, and not in the usual OOB region.
> > > 
> > >   This seems to be similar to the gpmi-nand driver, yet I really find its
> > >   'bad block swapping' solution odd, so I'm trying to find something
> > >   cleaner.
> > > 
> > >   2. ECC modeling
> > > 
> > >   Although I've exposed some ECC information in the ECC layout, I'm still
> > >   not sure why is this needed, or if it's needed at all.
> > > 
> > 
> > I strongly believe that all the information above is very valuable and
> > that it's a shame to lose it in a cover message. It would definitely
> > make sense to have this in a doc file.
> 
> Agreed.  Great work Ezequiel!  Let's capture this in Documentation/.
> 

Wait a second!

  $ ls Documentation/mtd/ | wc -l
  1

Isn't documenting deprecated? ...

Just kiddin'! I'll add this and the other cover to Documentation/
so typos and english fixes are welcome!
-- 
Ezequiel García, Free Electrons
Embedded Linux, Kernel and Android Engineering
http://free-electrons.com