[PATCH RFC v3 2/4] mm/pgtable: Make pfn_pte() filter out huge page attributes

[Yin Tirui]

On 3/4/2026 3:52 PM, Jürgen Groß wrote:
> On 28.02.26 08:09, Yin Tirui wrote:
>> A fundamental principle of page table type safety is that `pte_t` 
>> represents
>> the lowest level page table entry and should never carry huge page 
>> attributes.
>>
>> Currently, passing a pgprot with huge page bits (e.g., extracted via
>> pmd_pgprot()) into pfn_pte() creates a malformed PTE that retains the 
>> huge
>> attribute, leading to the necessity of the ugly `pte_clrhuge()` anti- 
>> pattern.
>>
>> Enforce type safety by making `pfn_pte()` inherently filter out huge page
>> attributes:
>> - On x86: Strip the `_PAGE_PSE` bit.
>> - On ARM64: Mask out the block descriptor bits in `PTE_TYPE_MASK` and
>>    enforce the `PTE_TYPE_PAGE` format.
>> - On RISC-V: No changes required, as RISC-V leaf PMDs and PTEs share the
>>    exact same hardware format and do not use a distinct huge bit.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Yin Tirui <yintirui at huawei.com>
>> ---
>>   arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 4 +++-
>>   arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h   | 4 ++++
>>   2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/ 
>> asm/pgtable.h
>> index b3e58735c49b..f2a7a40106d2 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> @@ -141,7 +141,9 @@ static inline pteval_t 
>> __phys_to_pte_val(phys_addr_t phys)
>>   #define pte_pfn(pte)        (__pte_to_phys(pte) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
>>   #define pfn_pte(pfn,prot)    \
>> -    __pte(__phys_to_pte_val((phys_addr_t)(pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT) | 
>> pgprot_val(prot))
>> +    __pte(__phys_to_pte_val((phys_addr_t)(pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT) | \
>> +        ((pgprot_val(prot) & ~(PTE_TYPE_MASK & ~PTE_VALID)) | \
>> +        (PTE_TYPE_PAGE & ~PTE_VALID)))
>>   #define pte_none(pte)        (!pte_val(pte))
>>   #define pte_page(pte)        (pfn_to_page(pte_pfn(pte)))
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/ 
>> pgtable.h
>> index 1662c5a8f445..a4dbd81d42bf 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> @@ -738,6 +738,10 @@ static inline pgprotval_t check_pgprot(pgprot_t 
>> pgprot)
>>   static inline pte_t pfn_pte(unsigned long page_nr, pgprot_t pgprot)
>>   {
>>       phys_addr_t pfn = (phys_addr_t)page_nr << PAGE_SHIFT;
>> +
>> +    /* Filter out _PAGE_PSE to ensure PTEs never carry the huge page 
>> bit */
>> +    pgprot = __pgprot(pgprot_val(pgprot) & ~_PAGE_PSE);
> 
> Is it really a good idea to silently drop the bit?
> 
> Today it can either be used for a large page (which should be a pmd,
> of course), or - much worse - you'd strip the _PAGE_PAT bit, which is
> at the same position in PTEs.
> 
> So basically you are removing the ability to use some cache modes.
> 
> NACK!
> 
> 
> Juergen

Hi Willy and Jürgen,

Following up on the x86 _PAGE_PSE and _PAGE_PAT aliasing issue.

To achieve the goal of keeping pfn_pte() pure and completely eradicating 
the pte_clrhuge() anti-pattern, we need a way to ensure pfn_pte() never 
receives a pgprot with the huge bit set.

@Jürgen:
Just to be absolutely certain: is there any safe way to filter out the 
huge page attributes directly inside x86's pfn_pte() without breaking 
PAT? Or does the hardware bit-aliasing make this strictly impossible at 
the pfn_pte() level?

@Willy @Jürgen:
Assuming it is impossible to filter this safely inside pfn_pte() on x86, 
we must translate the pgprot before passing it down. To maintain strict 
type-safety and still drop pte_clrhuge(), I plan to introduce two 
arch-neutral wrappers:

x86:
/* Translates large prot to 4K. Shifts PAT back to bit 7, inherently 
clearing _PAGE_PSE */
#define pgprot_huge_to_pte(prot)    pgprot_large_2_4k(prot)
/* Translates 4K prot to large. Shifts PAT to bit 12, strictly sets 
_PAGE_PSE */
#define pgprot_pte_to_huge(prot) 
__pgprot(pgprot_val(pgprot_4k_2_large(prot)) | _PAGE_PSE)

arm64:
/*
  * Drops Block marker, enforces Page marker.
  * Strictly preserves the PTE_VALID bit to avoid validating PROT_NONE 
pages.
  */
#define pgprot_huge_to_pte(prot) \
      __pgprot((pgprot_val(prot) & ~(PMD_TYPE_MASK & ~PTE_VALID)) | \
             (PTE_TYPE_PAGE & ~PTE_VALID))
/*
  * Drops Page marker, sets Block marker.
  * Strictly preserves the PTE_VALID bit.
  */
#define pgprot_pte_to_huge(prot) \
      __pgprot((pgprot_val(prot) & ~(PTE_TYPE_MASK & ~PTE_VALID)) | \
             (PMD_TYPE_SECT & ~PTE_VALID))

Usage:
1.  Creating a huge pfnmap (remap_try_huge_pmd)
pgprot_t huge_prot = pgprot_pte_to_huge(prot);

/* No need for pmd_mkhuge() */
pmd_t entry = pmd_mkspecial(pfn_pmd(pfn, huge_prot));
set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, entry);

2. Splitting a huge pfnmap (__split_huge_pmd_locked)
pgprot_t small_prot = pgprot_huge_to_pte(pmd_pgprot(old_pmd));

/* No need for pte_clrhuge() */
pte_t entry = pfn_pte(pmd_pfn(old_pmd), small_prot);
set_ptes(mm, haddr, pte, entry, HPAGE_PMD_NR);


Willy, is there a better architectural approach to handle this and 
satisfy the type-safety requirement given the x86 hardware constraints?

-- 
Thanks,
Yin Tirui