[PATCH v4 5/6] mm/vmalloc: map contiguous pages in batches for vmap() if possible

[Wen Jiang]

On Tue, 30 Jun 2026 at 21:54, Uladzislau Rezki <urezki at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Jun 18, 2026 at 04:47:25PM +0800, Wen Jiang wrote:
> > From: "Barry Song (Xiaomi)" <baohua at kernel.org>
> >
> > In many cases, the pages passed to vmap() may include high-order
> > pages. For example, the systemheap often allocates pages in descending
> > order: order 8, then 4, then 0. Currently, vmap() iterates over every
> > page individually—even pages inside a high-order block are handled
> > one by one.
> >
> > This patch detects physically contiguous pages (regardless of whether
> > they are compound or non-compound) by scanning with
> > num_pages_contiguous(), and maps them as a single contiguous block
> > whenever possible. The mapping order is determined by taking the
> > minimum of the contiguous page count and the pfn alignment, allowing
> > graceful degradation when pfn alignment is less than the contiguous
> > range.
> >
> > Pages with the same page_shift are coalesced and mapped via
> > vmap_pages_range_noflush_walk() to avoid page table rewalk.
> >
> > As users typically allocate memory in descending orders (e.g.
> > 8 → 4 → 0), once an order-0 page is encountered, we stop scanning
> > for contiguous pages since subsequent pages are likely order-0 as well.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <baohua at kernel.org>
> > Co-developed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain at arm.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain at arm.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Wen Jiang <jiangwen6 at xiaomi.com>
> > Tested-by: Xueyuan Chen <xueyuan.chen21 at gmail.com>
> > ---
> >  mm/vmalloc.c | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> >  1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/mm/vmalloc.c b/mm/vmalloc.c
> > index 253e017130e09..fffb885cb2158 100644
> > --- a/mm/vmalloc.c
> > +++ b/mm/vmalloc.c
> > @@ -3545,6 +3545,89 @@ void vunmap(const void *addr)
> >  }
> >  EXPORT_SYMBOL(vunmap);
> >
> > +static inline unsigned int vm_shift(pgprot_t prot, unsigned long size)
> > +{
> > +     if (arch_vmap_pmd_supported(prot) && size >= PMD_SIZE)
> > +             return PMD_SHIFT;
> > +
> > +     return arch_vmap_pte_supported_shift(size);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline int get_vmap_batch_order(struct page **pages,
> > +             pgprot_t prot, unsigned int max_steps, unsigned int idx)
> > +{
> > +     unsigned int nr_contig;
> > +     int order;
> > +
> > +     if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP))
> > +             return 0;
> > +
> > +     nr_contig = num_pages_contiguous(&pages[idx], max_steps);
> > +     if (nr_contig < 2)
> > +             return 0;
> > +
> > +     order = ilog2(nr_contig);
> > +
> > +     /* Limit order by pfn alignment */
> > +     order = min_t(int, order, __ffs(page_to_pfn(pages[idx])));
> > +
> > +     if (vm_shift(prot, PAGE_SIZE << order) == PAGE_SHIFT)
> > +             return 0;
> > +
> > +     return order;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int vmap_batched(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
> > +             pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
> > +{
> > +     unsigned int count = (end - addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +     unsigned int prev_shift = 0, idx = 0;
> > +     unsigned long start = addr, map_addr = addr;
> > +     int err;
> > +
> > +     err = kmsan_vmap_pages_range_noflush(addr, end, prot, pages,
> > +                                             PAGE_SHIFT, GFP_KERNEL);
> > +     if (err)
> > +             goto out;
> > +
> > +     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; ) {
> > +             unsigned int shift = PAGE_SHIFT +
> > +                     get_vmap_batch_order(pages, prot, count - i, i);
> > +
> > +             if (!i)
> > +                     prev_shift = shift;
> > +
> > +             if (shift != prev_shift) {
> > +                     err = vmap_pages_range_noflush_walk(map_addr, addr,
> > +                                     prot, pages + idx, prev_shift);
> > +                     if (err)
> > +                             goto out;
> > +                     prev_shift = shift;
> > +                     map_addr = addr;
> > +                     idx = i;
> > +             }
> > +
> > +             /*
> > +              * Once small pages are encountered, the remaining pages
> > +              * are likely small as well.
> > +              */
> > +             if (shift == PAGE_SHIFT)
> > +                     break;
> > +
> > +             addr += 1UL << shift;
> > +             i += 1U << (shift - PAGE_SHIFT);
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     /* Remaining */
> > +     if (map_addr < end)
> > +             err = vmap_pages_range_noflush_walk(map_addr, end,
> > +                             prot, pages + idx, prev_shift);
> > +
> > +out:
> > +     flush_cache_vmap(start, end);
> > +     return err;
> > +}
> > +
> >  /**
> >   * vmap - map an array of pages into virtually contiguous space
> >   * @pages: array of page pointers
> > @@ -3588,8 +3671,8 @@ void *vmap(struct page **pages, unsigned int count,
> >               return NULL;
> >
> >       addr = (unsigned long)area->addr;
> > -     if (vmap_pages_range(addr, addr + size, pgprot_nx(prot),
> > -                             pages, PAGE_SHIFT) < 0) {
> > +     if (vmap_batched(addr, addr + size, pgprot_nx(prot),
> > +                             pages) < 0) {
> >
> Better naming? vmap_pages_range_batched()?
>

Yes, I’ll adopt this naming in v5.

Thanks.
> --
> Uladzislau Rezki