[RFC PATCH v3 5/5] mm: support large folios swapin as a whole

[Barry Song]

On Wed, Mar 20, 2024 at 3:20 PM Huang, Ying <ying.huang at intel.com> wrote:
>
> Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts at arm.com> writes:
>
> > On 19/03/2024 09:20, Huang, Ying wrote:
> >> Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts at arm.com> writes:
> >>
> >>>>>> I agree phones are not the only platform. But Rome wasn't built in a
> >>>>>> day. I can only get
> >>>>>> started on a hardware which I can easily reach and have enough hardware/test
> >>>>>> resources on it. So we may take the first step which can be applied on
> >>>>>> a real product
> >>>>>> and improve its performance, and step by step, we broaden it and make it
> >>>>>> widely useful to various areas  in which I can't reach :-)
> >>>>>
> >>>>> We must guarantee the normal swap path runs correctly and has no
> >>>>> performance regression when developing SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO optimization.
> >>>>> So we have to put some effort on the normal path test anyway.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>> so probably we can have a sysfs "enable" entry with default "n" or
> >>>>>> have a maximum
> >>>>>> swap-in order as Ryan's suggestion [1] at the beginning,
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> "
> >>>>>> So in the common case, swap-in will pull in the same size of folio as was
> >>>>>> swapped-out. Is that definitely the right policy for all folio sizes? Certainly
> >>>>>> it makes sense for "small" large folios (e.g. up to 64K IMHO). But I'm not sure
> >>>>>> it makes sense for 2M THP; As the size increases the chances of actually needing
> >>>>>> all of the folio reduces so chances are we are wasting IO. There are similar
> >>>>>> arguments for CoW, where we currently copy 1 page per fault - it probably makes
> >>>>>> sense to copy the whole folio up to a certain size.
> >>>>>> "
> >>>
> >>> I thought about this a bit more. No clear conclusions, but hoped this might help
> >>> the discussion around policy:
> >>>
> >>> The decision about the size of the THP is made at first fault, with some help
> >>> from user space and in future we might make decisions to split based on
> >>> munmap/mremap/etc hints. In an ideal world, the fact that we have had to swap
> >>> the THP out at some point in its lifetime should not impact on its size. It's
> >>> just being moved around in the system and the reason for our original decision
> >>> should still hold.
> >>>
> >>> So from that PoV, it would be good to swap-in to the same size that was
> >>> swapped-out.
> >>
> >> Sorry, I don't agree with this.  It's better to swap-in and swap-out in
> >> smallest size if the page is only accessed seldom to avoid to waste
> >> memory.
> >
> > If we want to optimize only for memory consumption, I'm sure there are many
> > things we would do differently. We need to find a balance between memory and
> > performance. The benefits of folios are well documented and the kernel is
> > heading in the direction of managing memory in variable-sized blocks. So I don't
> > think it's as simple as saying we should always swap-in the smallest possible
> > amount of memory.
>
> It's conditional, that is,
>
> "if the page is only accessed seldom"
>
> Then, the page swapped-in will be swapped-out soon and adjacent pages in
> the same large folio will not be accessed during this period.
>
> So, I suggest to create an algorithm to decide swap-in order based on
> swap-readahead information automatically.  It can detect the situation
> above via reduced swap readahead window size.  And, if the page is
> accessed for quite long time, and the adjacent pages in the same large
> folio are accessed too, swap-readahead window will increase and large
> swap-in order will be used.

The original size of do_anonymous_page() should be honored, considering it
embodies a decision influenced by not only sysfs settings and per-vma
HUGEPAGE hints but also architectural characteristics, for example
CONT-PTE.

The model you're proposing may offer memory-saving benefits or reduce I/O,
but it entirely disassociates the size of the swap in from the size prior to the
swap out. Moreover, there's no guarantee that the large folio generated by
the readahead window is contiguous in the swap and can be added to the
swap cache, as we are currently dealing with folio->swap instead of
subpage->swap.

Incidentally, do_anonymous_page() serves as the initial location for allocating
large folios. Given that memory conservation is a significant consideration in
do_swap_page(), wouldn't it be even more crucial in do_anonymous_page()?

A large folio, by its nature, represents a high-quality resource that has the
potential to leverage hardware characteristics for the benefit of the
entire system.
Conversely, I don't believe that a randomly determined size dictated by the
readahead window possesses the same advantageous qualities.

SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO devices are not reliant on readahead whatsoever,
their needs should also be respected.

> > You also said we should swap *out* in smallest size possible. Have I
> > misunderstood you? I thought the case for swapping-out a whole folio without
> > splitting was well established and non-controversial?
>
> That is conditional too.
>
> >>
> >>> But we only kind-of keep that information around, via the swap
> >>> entry contiguity and alignment. With that scheme it is possible that multiple
> >>> virtually adjacent but not physically contiguous folios get swapped-out to
> >>> adjacent swap slot ranges and then they would be swapped-in to a single, larger
> >>> folio. This is not ideal, and I think it would be valuable to try to maintain
> >>> the original folio size information with the swap slot. One way to do this would
> >>> be to store the original order for which the cluster was allocated in the
> >>> cluster. Then we at least know that a given swap slot is either for a folio of
> >>> that order or an order-0 folio (due to cluster exhaustion/scanning). Can we
> >>> steal a bit from swap_map to determine which case it is? Or are there better
> >>> approaches?
> >>
> >> [snip]
>
> --
> Best Regards,
> Huang, Ying

Thanks
Barry