[PATCH 0/4] arm64: Support the TSO memory model

[Will Deacon]

On Thu, Apr 11, 2024 at 11:19:13PM +0900, Hector Martin wrote:
> On 2024/04/11 22:28, Will Deacon wrote:
> >   * Some binaries in a distribution exhibit instability which goes away
> >     in TSO mode, so a taskset-like program is used to run them with TSO
> >     enabled.
> 
> Since the flag is cleared on execve, this third one isn't generally
> possible as far as I know.

Ah ok, I'd missed that. Thanks.

> > In all these cases, we end up with native arm64 applications that will
> > either fail to load or will crash in subtle ways on CPUs without the TSO
> > feature. Assuming that the application cannot be fixed, a better
> > approach would be to recompile using stronger instructions (e.g.
> > LDAR/STLR) so that at least the resulting binary is portable. Now, it's
> > true that some existing CPUs are TSO by design (this is a perfectly
> > valid implementation of the arm64 memory model), but I think there's a
> > big difference between quietly providing more ordering guarantees than
> > software may be relying on and providing a mechanism to discover,
> > request and ultimately rely upon the stronger behaviour.
> 
> The problem is "just" using stronger instructions is much more
> expensive, as emulators have demonstrated. If TSO didn't serve a
> practical purpose I wouldn't be submitting this, but it does. This is
> basically non-negotiable for x86 emulation; if this is rejected
> upstream, it will forever live as a downstream patch used by the entire
> gaming-on-Mac-Linux ecosystem (and this is an ecosystem we are very
> explicitly targeting, given our efforts with microVMs for 4K page size
> support and the upcoming Vulkan drivers).

These microVMs sound quite interesting. What exactly are they? Are you
running them under KVM?

Ignoring the mechanism for the time being, would it solve your problem
if you were able to run specific microVMs in TSO mode, or do you *really*
need the VM to have finer-grained control than that? If the whole VM is
running in TSO mode, then my concerns largely disappear, as that's
indistinguishable from running on a hardware implementation that happens
to be TSO.

> That said, I have a pragmatic proposal here. The "fixed TSO" part of the
> implementation should be harmless, since those CPUs would correctly run
> poorly-written applications anyway so the API is moot. That leaves Apple
> Silicon. Our native kernels are and likely always will be 16K page size,
> due to a bunch of pain around 16K-only IOMMUs (4K kernels do boot
> natively but with very broken functionality including no GPU
> acceleration) plus performance differences that favor 16K. How about we
> gate the TSO functionality to only be supported on 4K kernel builds?
> This would make them only work in 4K VMs on Asahi Linux. We are very
> explicitly discouraging people from trying to use the microVMs to work
> around page size problems (which they can already do, another
> fragmentation problem, anyway); any application which requires the 4K VM
> to run that isn't an emulator is already clearly broken and advertising
> that fact openly. So, adding TSO to this should be only a marginal risk
> of further fragmentation, and it wouldn't allow apps to "sneakily" "just
> work" on Apple machines by abusing TSO.

I appreciate that you're trying to be constructive here, but I don't think
we should tie this to the page size. It's an artifical limitation and I
don't think it really addresses the underlying concerns that I have.

Will