[PATCH v3 1/2] check-uapi: Introduce check-uapi.sh
Masahiro Yamada
masahiroy at kernel.org
Tue Mar 21 14:19:28 PDT 2023
On Fri, Mar 17, 2023 at 3:17 AM John Moon <quic_johmoo at quicinc.com> wrote:
>
> While the kernel community has been good at maintaining backwards
> compatibility with kernel UAPIs, it would be helpful to have a tool
> to check if a commit introduces changes that break backwards
> compatibility.
>
> To that end, introduce check-uapi.sh: a simple shell script that
> checks for changes to UAPI headers using libabigail.
>
> libabigail is "a framework which aims at helping developers and
> software distributors to spot some ABI-related issues like interface
> incompatibility in ELF shared libraries by performing a static
> analysis of the ELF binaries at hand."
>
> The script uses one of libabigail's tools, "abidiff", to compile the
> changed header before and after the commit to detect any changes.
>
> abidiff "compares the ABI of two shared libraries in ELF format. It
> emits a meaningful report describing the differences between the two
> ABIs."
>
> The script also includes the ability to check the compatibility of
> all UAPI headers across commits. This allows developers to inspect
> the stability of the UAPIs over time.
>
> Signed-off-by: John Moon <quic_johmoo at quicinc.com>
I think I pointed out that not all UAPI headers are checked-in.
I applied the following.
This will remove <asm/termios.h>.
So, definitely it is a UAPI breakage, but check_all=true
mode succeeds.
diff --git a/include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild b/include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild
index ebb180aac74e..a9c88b0a8b3b 100644
--- a/include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild
+++ b/include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ mandatory-y += stat.h
mandatory-y += statfs.h
mandatory-y += swab.h
mandatory-y += termbits.h
-mandatory-y += termios.h
+#mandatory-y += termios.h
mandatory-y += types.h
mandatory-y += unistd.h
Another false positive is a change outside the uapi directories.
For x86, syscall UAPI headers are generated in
arch/x86/entry/syscalls/.
You never know the compatibility of UAPI unless you check
all the headers that 'make headers_install' results in.
I am reluctant to read the whole code,
but I spotted possible bugs.
> +
> +readonly SUCCESS=0
> +readonly FAIL_ABI=1
> +readonly FAIL_PREREQ=2
> +readonly FAIL_COMPILE=3
> +readonly FAIL_ARCH=4
> +readonly FAIL=5
> +
> +# Print to stderr
> +eprintf() {
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2059
> + printf "$@" >&2
> +}
> +
> +# Print list of UAPI files to operate on
> +get_uapi_files() {
> + local -r check_all="$1"
> + local -r base_ref="$2"
> + local -r ref="$3"
local -r past_ref="$3"
> + local -r file_list="${tmp_dir}/file_list.txt"
> +
> + # Return already-processed list if it's available
> + if [ -s "$file_list" ]; then
> + cat "$file_list"
> + return 0
> + fi
> +
> + if [ "$check_all" = "true" ]; then
> + # Print all of the UAPI header files at the commit in question
> + # Ignore the headers that we can't test.
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2086,SC2046
> + git ls-tree --full-tree --name-only -r "${base_ref:-HEAD}" -- "${UAPI_DIRS[@]}" \
> + | grep '.h$' \
> + | sed -e 's/^/M\t/g' \
> + | grep -v $({ get_no_header_list "$base_ref"; get_no_export_list; } | xargs -- printf '-e %s ') \
> + > "$file_list"
> + else
> + if [ -z "$base_ref" ] || [ -z "$ref" ]; then
[ -z "$ref" ] is always false.
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2086
> + git diff $GIT_ARGS > "$file_list"
This is a bug.
Think about this situation:
$base_ref is empty, i.e. workspace
$ref is not HEAD but a commit in the past.
"git diff" will return the diff
between the cache and the workspace.
> + else
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2086
> + git diff "$ref" "$base_ref" $GIT_ARGS > "$file_list"
> + fi
Do you need this if...else...fi block in the first place?
git diff $ref $base_ref $GIT_ARGS > "$file_list"
will naturally work correctly for all cases.
(do not quote $base_ref, which might be empty)
> +
> + if mismatch_arch_files=$(grep -v "arch/${ARCH}" "$file_list" | grep -o "arch/.*\.h"); then
> + eprintf "warning - detected changes to following files, but can't check them with %s compiler:\n" "$ARCH"
> + for f in $mismatch_arch_files; do
> + eprintf " - %s\n" "$f"
> + sed -i -e "\|${f}|d" "$file_list"
> + printf "warning - could not perform ABI check on %s with %s compiler\n" "$f" "$ARCH" \
> + >> "${tmp_dir}/arch_mismatches.error"
> + done
> + eprintf "\nFiltering them out and performing partial check on remaining files...\n"
> + if [ ! -s "$file_list" ]; then
> + eprintf "error - all files were filtered out, there's nothing to check!\n"
> + exit "$FAIL_ARCH"
> + fi
> + fi
> + fi
> +
> + if [ ! -s "$file_list" ]; then
> + return 1
> + fi
> +
> + cat "$file_list"
> +}
> +
> +# Compile the simple test app
> +do_compile() {
> + local -r inc_dir="$1"
> + local -r header="$2"
> + local -r out="$3"
> + printf "int main(void) { return 0; }\n" | \
> + "$CC" -c \
> + -o "$out" \
> + -x c \
> + -O0 \
> + -std=c90 \
> + -fno-eliminate-unused-debug-types \
> + -g \
> + "-I${inc_dir}" \
> + -include "$header" \
> + -
> +}
> +
> +# Print the list of incompatible headers
> +get_no_header_list() {
> + local -r ref="${1:-HEAD}"
> + # Start with the usr/include/Makefile to get a list of the headers
> + # that don't compile using this method.
> + {
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2016
> + printf 'all: ; @echo $(no-header-test)\n'
> + cat "usr/include/Makefile"
> + } | SRCARCH="$ARCH" make -f - | tr " " "\n" | grep -v "asm-generic"
> +
> + # The makefile also skips all asm-generic files, but prints "asm-generic/%"
> + # which won't match the files in this script, so just print all the asm-generic
> + # headers manually.
> + git ls-tree --full-tree --name-only -r "$ref" -- include/uapi/asm-generic \
> + | grep '.h$' \
> + | cut -d '/' -f 2-
> +
> + # Finally, print all the architecture-specific headers that are _not_ for the
> + # ARCH we're targeting
> + git ls-tree --full-tree --name-only -r "$ref" -- arch/*/include/uapi \
> + | grep '.h$' \
> + | grep -v "^arch/${ARCH}"
> +}
> +
> +# Print the list of headers that are not exported for this architecture
> +get_no_export_list() {
> + {
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2016
> + printf 'all: ; @echo $(no-export-headers)\n'
> + cat "include/uapi/Kbuild"
> + } | SRCARCH="$ARCH" srctree="$KERNEL_SRC" make -f - | tr " " "\n" | sed '/^[[:space:]]*$/d'
> +}
> +
> +# Save the current git tree state, stashing if needed
> +save_tree_state() {
> + printf "Saving current tree state... "
> + current_ref="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
> + readonly current_ref
> + if ! git diff-index --quiet HEAD; then
> + unstash="true"
> + git stash push --quiet
> + fi
> + printf "OK\n"
> +}
> +
> +# Restore the git tree state, unstashing if needed
> +restore_tree_state() {
> + if [ -z "$current_ref" ]; then
> + return 0
> + fi
> +
> + printf "Restoring current tree state... "
> + git checkout --quiet "$current_ref"
> + if [ "$unstash" = "true" ]; then
> + git stash pop --quiet
> + unstash="false"
> + fi
> + printf "OK\n"
> +}
> +
> +# Install headers for both git refs
> +install_headers() {
> + local -r check_all="$1"
> + local -r base_ref="$2"
> + local -r ref="$3"
> +
> + deviated_from_current_tree="false"
> + for inst_ref in "$base_ref" "$ref"; do
Bakeshed1: personally, I would use 'ref' as an iterator.
for ref in "$base_ref" "$past_ref"; do
I see overall inconsistency between ref vs past_ref.
> + if [ -n "$inst_ref" ]; then
> + if [ "$deviated_from_current_tree" = "false" ]; then
> + save_tree_state
> + trap 'rm -rf "$tmp_dir"; restore_tree_state;' EXIT
Bikeshed2:
Instead of updating the trap back-and-force,
I would create a function.
exit_handler () {
if [ "$deviated_from_current_tree" = true ]; then
restore_tree_state
fi
if [ -n "$tmp_dir" ]; then
rm -rf "$tmp_dir"
fi
}
trap exist_handler EXIT
> + deviated_from_current_tree="true"
> + fi
> + # This script ($0) is already loaded into memory at this point,
> + # so this operation is safe
> + git checkout --quiet "$(git rev-parse "$inst_ref")"
> + fi
> +
> + printf "Installing sanitized UAPI headers from %s... " "${inst_ref:-dirty tree}"
> + make ARCH="$ARCH" INSTALL_HDR_PATH="${tmp_dir}/${inst_ref}/usr" headers_install > /dev/null 2>&1
You can add -j${MAX_THREADS} for faster 'make headers_install'.
> + printf "OK\n"
> + done
> +
> + restore_tree_state
> + trap 'rm -rf "$tmp_dir"' EXIT
> +}
> +
> +# Check file list for UAPI compatibility
> +check_uapi_files() {
> + local -r check_all="$1"
> + local -r base_ref="$2"
> + local -r ref="$3"
> +
> + install_headers "$check_all" "$base_ref" "$ref"
> +
> + local passed=0;
> + local failed=0;
> + local -a threads=()
> +
> + printf "Checking changes to UAPI headers between %s and %s\n" "$ref" "${base_ref:-dirty tree}"
> + while read -r status file; do
> + if [ "${#threads[@]}" -ge "$MAX_THREADS" ]; then
> + if wait "${threads[0]}"; then
> + passed=$((passed + 1))
> + else
> + failed=$((failed + 1))
> + fi
> + threads=("${threads[@]:1}")
> + fi
> +
> + check_individual_file "$base_ref" "$ref" "$status" "$file" &
> + threads+=("$!")
> + done < <(get_uapi_files "$check_all" "$base_ref" "$ref")
> +
> + for t in "${threads[@]}"; do
> + if wait "$t"; then
> + passed=$((passed + 1))
> + else
> + failed=$((failed + 1))
> + fi
> + done
> +
> + if [ "$check_all" = "true" ]; then
> + scope=$(printf "UAPI headers compatible with %s" "$ARCH")
> + else
> + scope=$(printf "UAPI headers modified between %s and %s" "$ref" "${base_ref:-dirty tree}")
> + fi
> +
> + total="$((passed + failed))"
> + if [ "$failed" -gt 0 ]; then
> + eprintf "error - %d/%d %s appear _not_ to be backwards compatible\n" "$failed" "$total" "$scope"
> + else
> + printf "All %d %s appear to be backwards compatible\n" "$total" "$scope"
> + fi
> +
> + if [ "$check_all" = "true" ]; then
> + printf "Note: UAPI headers for architectures other than %s were not checked\n" "$ARCH"
> + fi
> +
> + return "$failed"
> +}
> +
> +# Print the path to a given header in the tmp_dir
> +get_header() {
> + local -r ref="$1"
> + local -r arch="$2"
> + local -r base="$3"
> +
> + if [ -z "$arch" ]; then
> + printf "%s" "${tmp_dir}/${ref}/usr/${base}"
> + else
> + printf "%s" "${tmp_dir}/${ref}/usr/$(printf "%s" "$base" | cut -d '/' -f 3-)"
> + fi
> +}
> +
> +# Check an individual file for UAPI compatibility
> +check_individual_file() {
> + local -r base_ref="$1"
> + local -r ref="$2"
> + local -r status="$3"
> + local -r file="$4"
> +
> + local -r base=${file/uapi\//}
> + local -r uapi_arch="$(printf "%s" "$file" | grep -o 'arch/.*/uapi' | cut -d '/' -f 2)"
> + local -r base_header=$(get_header "$base_ref" "$uapi_arch" "$base")
> + local -r ref_header=$(get_header "$ref" "$uapi_arch" "$base")
> + local -r installed_base="$(printf "%s" "$base_header" | grep -o "usr/include/.*" | cut -d '/' -f 3-)"
> +
> + if [ "$status" = "D" ]; then
> + eprintf "error - UAPI header %s was incorrectly removed\n" "$file" | tee "${base_header}.error"
> + return 1
> + fi
> +
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2076
> + if [[ " $(get_no_header_list | xargs) " =~ " $installed_base " ]]; then
> + printf "warning - %s cannot be tested by this script (see usr/include/Makefile)\n" "$file" | tee "${base_header}.error"
> + return 1
> + fi
> +
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2076
> + if [[ " $(get_no_export_list | xargs) " =~ " $installed_base " ]]; then
> + printf "warning - %s is not exported by the %s architecture, so cannot be tested\n" "$file" "$ARCH" | tee "${base_header}.error"
> + return 1
> + fi
> +
> + for h in "$base_header" "$ref_header"; do
> + if [ ! -f "$h" ]; then
> + eprintf "error - %s does not exist - cannot compare ABI\n" "$h" | tee "${h}.error"
> + return 1
> + fi
> + done
> +
> + compare_abi "$file" "$base_header" "$ref_header" "$base_ref" "$ref"
> +}
> +
> +# Perform the A/B compilation and compare output ABI
> +compare_abi() {
> + local -r file="$1"
> + local -r base_header="$2"
> + local -r ref_header="$3"
> + local -r base_ref="$4"
> + local -r ref="$5"
> + local -r log="${tmp_dir}/log/$(basename "$file").log"
> +
> + mkdir -p "$(dirname "$log")"
> +
> + if ! do_compile "${tmp_dir}/${base_ref}/usr/include" "$base_header" "${base_header}.bin" 2> "$log"; then
> + eprintf "error - couldn't compile version of UAPI header %s at %s\n" "$file" "$base_ref"
> + cat "$log" >&2
> + exit "$FAIL_COMPILE"
> + fi
> +
> + if ! do_compile "${tmp_dir}/${ref}/usr/include" "$ref_header" "${ref_header}.bin" 2> "$log"; then
> + eprintf "error - couldn't compile version of UAPI header %s at %s\n" "$file" "$ref"
> + cat "$log" >&2
> + exit "$FAIL_COMPILE"
> + fi
> +
> + "$ABIDIFF" --non-reachable-types "${ref_header}.bin" "${base_header}.bin" > "$log" && ret="$?" || ret="$?"
> + if [ "$ret" -eq 0 ]; then
> + if [ "$VERBOSE" = "true" ]; then
> + printf "No ABI differences detected in %s from %s -> %s\n" "$file" "$ref" "${base_ref:-dirty tree}"
> + fi
> + else
> + # Bits in abidiff's return code can be used to determine the type of error
> + if [ $(("$ret" & 0x1)) -gt 0 ]; then
> + eprintf "error - abidiff did not run properly\n"
> + exit 1
> + fi
> +
> + # If the only changes were additions (not modifications to existing APIs), then
> + # there's no problem. Ignore these diffs.
> + if grep "Unreachable types summary" "$log" | grep -q "0 removed" &&
> + grep "Unreachable types summary" "$log" | grep -q "0 changed"; then
> + return 0
> + fi
> + {
> + printf "!!! ABI differences detected in %s from %s -> %s !!!\n\n" "$file" "$ref" "${base_ref:-dirty tree}"
> + sed -e '/summary:/d' -e '/changed type/d' -e '/^$/d' -e 's/^/ /g' "$log"
> +
> + if ! cmp "$ref_header" "$base_header" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
> + printf "\nHeader file diff (after headers_install):\n"
> + diff -Naur "$ref_header" "$base_header" \
> + | sed -e "s|${ref_header}|${ref}/${file}|g" \
> + -e "s|${base_header}|${base_ref:-dirty}/${file}|g"
> + printf "\n"
> + else
> + printf "\n%s did not change between %s and %s...\n" "$file" "$ref" "${base_ref:-dirty tree}"
> + printf "It's possible a change to one of the headers it includes caused this error:\n"
> + grep '^#include' "$base_header"
> + printf "\n"
> + fi
> + } | tee "${base_header}.error" >&2
> + return 1
> + fi
> +}
> +
> +min_version_is_satisfied() {
> + local -r min_version="$1"
> + local -r version_installed="$2"
> +
> + printf "%s\n%s\n" "$min_version" "$version_installed" | sort -Vc > /dev/null 2>&1
> +}
> +
> +# Make sure we have the tools we need
> +check_deps() {
> + ABIDIFF="${ABIDIFF:-abidiff}"
> + CC="${CC:-gcc}"
> + ARCH="${ARCH:-$(uname -m)}"
> + if [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]; then
> + ARCH="x86"
> + fi
> +
> + local -r abidiff_min_version="1.7"
> + local -r libdw_min_version_if_clang="0.171"
> +
> + if ! command -v "$ABIDIFF" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
> + eprintf "error - abidiff not found!\n"
> + eprintf "Please install abigail-tools version %s or greater\n" "$abidiff_min_version"
> + eprintf "See: https://sourceware.org/libabigail/manual/libabigail-overview.html\n"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> +
> + local -r abidiff_version="$("$ABIDIFF" --version | cut -d ' ' -f 2)"
> + if ! min_version_is_satisfied "$abidiff_min_version" "$abidiff_version"; then
> + eprintf "error - abidiff version too old: %s\n" "$abidiff_version"
> + eprintf "Please install abigail-tools version %s or greater\n" "$abidiff_min_version"
> + eprintf "See: https://sourceware.org/libabigail/manual/libabigail-overview.html\n"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> +
> + if ! command -v "$CC" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
> + eprintf 'error - %s not found\n' "$CC"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> +
> + if "$CC" --version | grep -q clang; then
> + local -r libdw_version="$(ldconfig -v 2>/dev/null | grep -v SKIPPED | grep -m 1 -o 'libdw-[0-9]\+.[0-9]\+' | cut -c 7-)"
> + if ! min_version_is_satisfied "$libdw_min_version_if_clang" "$libdw_version"; then
> + eprintf "error - libdw version too old for use with clang: %s\n" "$libdw_version"
> + eprintf "Please install libdw from elfutils version %s or greater\n" "$libdw_min_version_if_clang"
> + eprintf "See: https://sourceware.org/elfutils/\n"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> + fi
> +
> + if [ ! -d "arch/${ARCH}" ]; then
> + eprintf 'error - ARCH "%s" is not a subdirectory under arch/\n' "$ARCH"
> + eprintf "Please set ARCH to one of:\n%s\n" "$(find arch -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d -printf '%f ' | fmt)"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> +}
> +
> +run() {
> + local base_ref="$1"
> + local -r check_all="$2"
> + shift 2
> + local -r orig_args="$*"
> + if [ -z "$KERNEL_SRC" ]; then
> + KERNEL_SRC="$(realpath "$(dirname "$0")"/..)"
> + fi
> +
> + cd "$KERNEL_SRC"
> +
> + abi_error_log="${abi_error_log:-${KERNEL_SRC}/abi_error_log.txt}"
> +
> + tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d)
> + trap 'rm -rf "$tmp_dir"' EXIT
> +
> + check_deps
> +
> + # Set of UAPI directories to check by default
> + UAPI_DIRS=(include/uapi arch/*/include/uapi)
> + GIT_ARGS="--name-status --no-renames --format= --diff-filter=a -- ${UAPI_DIRS[*]/%/\/*.h}"
> +
> + if ! git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree > /dev/null 2>&1; then
> + eprintf "error - this script requires the kernel tree to be initialized with Git\n"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> +
> + # If there are no dirty UAPI files, use HEAD as base_ref
> + # shellcheck disable=SC2086
> + if [ -z "$base_ref" ] && git diff --exit-code $GIT_ARGS > /dev/null 2>&1; then
I think this behavior is difficult to understand.
I think it is clearer to do 'git diff' for the entire tree
when you determine the base_ref.
> + base_ref="HEAD"
> + fi
> +
> + if [ -z "$past_ref" ]; then
> + if [ -n "$base_ref" ]; then
> + past_ref="${base_ref}^1"
> + else
> + past_ref="HEAD"
> + fi
> + fi
So, past_ref is set to either ${base_ref}^1 or HEAD here.
No quotes are needed for HEAD.
past_ref=HEAD
is enough.
> +
> + if [ -n "$past_ref" ] && ! git rev-parse --verify "$past_ref" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
[ -n "$past_ref" ] is always true since past_ref is set to something.
> + printf 'error - invalid git reference "%s"\n' "$past_ref"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> +
> + if [ -n "$base_ref" ]; then
> + if ! git merge-base --is-ancestor "$past_ref" "$base_ref" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
> + printf 'error - "%s" is not an ancestor of base ref "%s"\n' "$past_ref" "$base_ref"
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + fi
> + fi
> +
> + if [ "$check_all" != "true" ] && ! get_uapi_files "$check_all" "$base_ref" "$past_ref" > /dev/null; then
> + printf "No changes to UAPI headers were applied between %s and %s\n" "$past_ref" "$base_ref"
> + exit "$SUCCESS"
> + fi
> +
> + if ! check_uapi_files "$check_all" "$base_ref" "$past_ref"; then
> + eprintf "error - UAPI header ABI check failed\n"
> + {
> + printf 'Generated by "%s %s" from git ref %s\n\n' "$0" "$orig_args" "$(git rev-parse "HEAD")"
> + find "$tmp_dir" -type f -name '*.error' -exec cat {} +
> + } > "$abi_error_log"
> + eprintf "Failure summary saved to %s\n" "$abi_error_log"
> + exit "$FAIL_ABI"
> + fi
> +}
> +
> +main() {
> + MAX_THREADS=$(nproc)
> + VERBOSE="false"
> + local base_ref=""
> + local check_all="true"
> + local quiet="false"
> + while getopts "hb:p:mj:l:qv" opt; do
> + case $opt in
> + h)
> + print_usage
> + exit "$SUCCESS"
> + ;;
> + b)
> + base_ref="$OPTARG"
> + ;;
> + p)
> + past_ref="$OPTARG"
> + ;;
> + m)
> + check_all="false"
> + ;;
> + j)
> + MAX_THREADS="$OPTARG"
> + ;;
> + l)
> + abi_error_log="$OPTARG"
> + ;;
> + q)
> + quiet="true"
> + ;;
> + v)
> + VERBOSE="true"
> + ;;
> + *)
> + exit "$FAIL_PREREQ"
> + esac
> + done
> +
> + if [ "$quiet" = "true" ]; then
> + run "$base_ref" "$check_all" "$@" > /dev/null
> + else
> + run "$base_ref" "$check_all" "$@"
> + fi
> +}
> +
> +main "$@"
> --
> 2.17.1
>
--
Best Regards
Masahiro Yamada
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