[PATCH v1 00/10] variable-order, large folios for anonymous memory

[Ryan Roberts]

On 28/06/2023 19:22, Yu Zhao wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 27, 2023 at 3:59 AM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts at arm.com> wrote:
>>
>> On 27/06/2023 08:49, Yu Zhao wrote:
>>> On Mon, Jun 26, 2023 at 9:30 PM Yu Zhao <yuzhao at google.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> On Mon, Jun 26, 2023 at 11:14 AM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts at arm.com> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Hi All,
>>>>>
>>>>> Following on from the previous RFCv2 [1], this series implements variable order,
>>>>> large folios for anonymous memory. The objective of this is to improve
>>>>> performance by allocating larger chunks of memory during anonymous page faults:
>>>>>
>>>>>  - Since SW (the kernel) is dealing with larger chunks of memory than base
>>>>>    pages, there are efficiency savings to be had; fewer page faults, batched PTE
>>>>>    and RMAP manipulation, fewer items on lists, etc. In short, we reduce kernel
>>>>>    overhead. This should benefit all architectures.
>>>>>  - Since we are now mapping physically contiguous chunks of memory, we can take
>>>>>    advantage of HW TLB compression techniques. A reduction in TLB pressure
>>>>>    speeds up kernel and user space. arm64 systems have 2 mechanisms to coalesce
>>>>>    TLB entries; "the contiguous bit" (architectural) and HPA (uarch).
>>>>>
>>>>> This patch set deals with the SW side of things only and based on feedback from
>>>>> the RFC, aims to be the most minimal initial change, upon which future
>>>>> incremental changes can be added. For this reason, the new behaviour is hidden
>>>>> behind a new Kconfig switch, CONFIG_LARGE_ANON_FOLIO, which is disabled by
>>>>> default. Although the code has been refactored to parameterize the desired order
>>>>> of the allocation, when the feature is disabled (by forcing the order to be
>>>>> always 0) my performance tests measure no regression. So I'm hoping this will be
>>>>> a suitable mechanism to allow incremental submissions to the kernel without
>>>>> affecting the rest of the world.
>>>>>
>>>>> The patches are based on top of v6.4 plus Matthew Wilcox's set_ptes() series
>>>>> [2], which is a hard dependency. I'm not sure of Matthew's exact plans for
>>>>> getting that series into the kernel, but I'm hoping we can start the review
>>>>> process on this patch set independently. I have a branch at [3].
>>>>>
>>>>> I've posted a separate series concerning the HW part (contpte mapping) for arm64
>>>>> at [4].
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Performance
>>>>> -----------
>>>>>
>>>>> Below results show 2 benchmarks; kernel compilation and speedometer 2.0 (a
>>>>> javascript benchmark running in Chromium). Both cases are running on Ampere
>>>>> Altra with 1 NUMA node enabled, Ubuntu 22.04 and XFS filesystem. Each benchmark
>>>>> is repeated 15 times over 5 reboots and averaged.
>>>>>
>>>>> All improvements are relative to baseline-4k. 'anonfolio-basic' is this series.
>>>>> 'anonfolio' is the full patch set similar to the RFC with the additional changes
>>>>> to the extra 3 fault paths. The rest of the configs are described at [4].
>>>>>
>>>>> Kernel Compilation (smaller is better):
>>>>>
>>>>> | kernel          |   real-time |   kern-time |   user-time |
>>>>> |:----------------|------------:|------------:|------------:|
>>>>> | baseline-4k     |        0.0% |        0.0% |        0.0% |
>>>>> | anonfolio-basic |       -5.3% |      -42.9% |       -0.6% |
>>>>> | anonfolio       |       -5.4% |      -46.0% |       -0.3% |
>>>>> | contpte         |       -6.8% |      -45.7% |       -2.1% |
>>>>> | exefolio        |       -8.4% |      -46.4% |       -3.7% |
>>>>> | baseline-16k    |       -8.7% |      -49.2% |       -3.7% |
>>>>> | baseline-64k    |      -10.5% |      -66.0% |       -3.5% |
>>>>>
>>>>> Speedometer 2.0 (bigger is better):
>>>>>
>>>>> | kernel          |   runs_per_min |
>>>>> |:----------------|---------------:|
>>>>> | baseline-4k     |           0.0% |
>>>>> | anonfolio-basic |           0.7% |
>>>>> | anonfolio       |           1.2% |
>>>>> | contpte         |           3.1% |
>>>>> | exefolio        |           4.2% |
>>>>> | baseline-16k    |           5.3% |
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for pushing this forward!
>>>>
>>>>> Changes since RFCv2
>>>>> -------------------
>>>>>
>>>>>   - Simplified series to bare minimum (on David Hildenbrand's advice)
>>>>
>>>> My impression is that this series still includes many pieces that can
>>>> be split out and discussed separately with followup series.
>>>>
>>>> (I skipped 04/10 and will look at it tomorrow.)
>>>
>>> I went through the series twice. Here what I think a bare minimum
>>> series (easier to review/debug/land) would look like:
> 
> ===
> 
>>> 1. a new arch specific function providing a prefered order within (0,
>>> PMD_ORDER).
>>> 2. an extended anon folio alloc API taking that order (02/10, partially).
>>> 3. an updated folio_add_new_anon_rmap() covering the large() &&
>>> !pmd_mappable() case (similar to 04/10).
>>> 4. s/folio_test_pmd_mappable/folio_test_large/ in page_remove_rmap()
>>> (06/10, reviewed-by provided).
>>> 5. finally, use the extended anon folio alloc API with the arch
>>> preferred order in do_anonymous_page() (10/10, partially).
> 
> ===
> 
>>> The rest can be split out into separate series and move forward in
>>> parallel with probably a long list of things we need/want to do.
>>
>> Thanks for the fadt review - I really appreciate it!
>>
>> I've responded to many of your comments. I'd appreciate if we can close those
>> points then I will work up a v2.
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> Based on the latest discussion here [1], my original list above can be
> optionally reduced to 4 patches: item 2 can be quashed into item 5.
> 
> Also please make sure we have only one global (apply to all archs)
> Kconfig option, and it should be added in item 5:
> 
>   if TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
>     config FLEXIBLE/VARIABLE_THP # or whatever name you see fit
>   end if

Naming is always the hardest part. I've been calling it LARGE_ANON_FOLIO up
until now. But I think you are right that we should show that it is related to
THP, so I'll go with FLEXIBLE_THP for v2, and let people shout if they hate it.

If we are not letting the arch declare that it supports FLEXIBLE_THP, then I
think we need the default version of arch_wants_pte_order() to return a value
higher than 0 (which is what I have it returning at the moment). Because
otherwise, for an arch that hasn't defined its own version of
arch_wants_pte_order(), FLEXIBLE_THP on vs off will give the same result. So I
propose to set the default to ilog2(SZ_64K >> PAGE_SHIFT). Shout if you have any
concerns.

> 
> (How many new Kconfig options added within arch/arm64/ is not a concern of MM.)
> 
> And please make sure it's disabled by default,

Done

 because we are still
> missing many important functions, e.g., I don't think we can mlock()
> when large() && !pmd_mappable(), see mlock_pte_range() and
> mlock_vma_folio(). We can fix it along with many things later, but we
> need to present a plan and a schedule now. Otherwise, there would be
> pushback if we try to land the series without supporting mlock().

There are other areas that I'm aware off. I'll put together a table and send it
out once I have v2 out the door (hopefully tomorrow or Monday). Hopefully we can
work together to fill it in and figure out who can do what? I'm certainly
planning to continue to push this work forwards beyond this initial patch set.

Thanks,
Ryan

> 
> Do you or Fengwei plan to take on it? (I personally don't.) If not,
> I'll try to find someone from our team to look at it. (It'd be more
> scalable if we have a coordinated group of people individually solving
> different problems.)
> 
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/b2c81404-67df-f841-ef02-919e841f49f2@arm.com/