[PATCH v2 2/2] KVM: arm64: PMU: Don't overwrite PMUSERENR with vcpu loaded

[Mark Rutland]

On Fri, Apr 07, 2023 at 08:47:59PM -0700, Reiji Watanabe wrote:
> Currently, with VHE, KVM sets ER, CR, SW and EN bits of
> PMUSERENR_EL0 to 1 on vcpu_load(), and saves and restores
> the register value for the host on vcpu_load() and vcpu_put().
> If the value of those bits are cleared on a pCPU with a vCPU
> loaded (armv8pmu_start() would do that when PMU counters are
> programmed for the guest), PMU access from the guest EL0 might
> be trapped to the guest EL1 directly regardless of the current
> PMUSERENR_EL0 value of the vCPU.
> 
> Fix this by not letting armv8pmu_start() overwrite PMUSERENR on
> the pCPU on which a vCPU is loaded, and instead updating the
> saved shadow register value for the host, so that the value can
> be restored on vcpu_put() later.

I'm happy with the hook in the PMU code, but I think there's still a race
between an IPI and vcpu_{load,put}() where we can lose an update to
PMUSERERNR_EL0. I tried to point that out in my final question in:

  https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZCwzV7ACl21VbLru@FVFF77S0Q05N.cambridge.arm.com/

... but I looks like that wasn't all that clear.

Consider vcpu_load():

void vcpu_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
	int cpu = get_cpu();

	__this_cpu_write(kvm_running_vcpu, vcpu);
	preempt_notifier_register(&vcpu->preempt_notifier);
	kvm_arch_vcpu_load(vcpu, cpu);
	put_cpu();
}

AFAICT that's called with IRQs enabled, and the {get,put}_cpu() calls will only
disable migration/preemption. After the write to kvm_running_vcpu, the code in
kvm_set_pmuserenr() will see that there is a running vcpu, and write to the
host context without updating the real PMUSERENR_EL0 register.

If we take an IPI and call kvm_set_pmuserenr() after the write to
kvm_running_vcpu but before kvm_running_vcpu() completes, the call to
kvm_set_pmuserenr() could update the host context (without updating the real
PMUSERENR_EL0 value) before __activate_traps_common() saves the host value
with:

	 ctxt_sys_reg(hctxt, PMUSERENR_EL0) = read_sysreg(pmuserenr_el0);

... which would discard the write made by kvm_set_pmuserenr().

Similar can happen in vcpu_put() where an IPI after __deactivate_traps_common()
but before kvm_running_vcpu is cleared would result in kvm_set_pmuserenr()
writing to the host context, but this value would never be written into HW.

Unless I'm missing something (e.g. if interrupts are actually masked during
those windows), I don't think this is a complete fix as-is.

I'm not sure if there is a smart fix for that.

Thanks,
Mark.

> Suggested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland at arm.com>
> Suggested-by: Marc Zyngier <maz at kernel.org>
> Fixes: 83a7a4d643d3 ("arm64: perf: Enable PMU counter userspace access for perf event")
> Signed-off-by: Reiji Watanabe <reijiw at google.com>
> ---
>  arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h |  5 +++++
>  arch/arm64/kernel/perf_event.c    | 21 ++++++++++++++++++---
>  arch/arm64/kvm/pmu.c              | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> index bcd774d74f34..22db2f885c17 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> @@ -1028,9 +1028,14 @@ void kvm_arch_vcpu_put_debug_state_flags(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
>  #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
>  void kvm_set_pmu_events(u32 set, struct perf_event_attr *attr);
>  void kvm_clr_pmu_events(u32 clr);
> +bool kvm_set_pmuserenr(u64 val);
>  #else
>  static inline void kvm_set_pmu_events(u32 set, struct perf_event_attr *attr) {}
>  static inline void kvm_clr_pmu_events(u32 clr) {}
> +static inline bool kvm_set_pmuserenr(u64 val)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
>  #endif
>  
>  void kvm_vcpu_load_sysregs_vhe(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_event.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_event.c
> index dde06c0f97f3..0fffe4c56c28 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_event.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/perf_event.c
> @@ -741,9 +741,25 @@ static inline u32 armv8pmu_getreset_flags(void)
>  	return value;
>  }
>  
> +static void update_pmuserenr(u64 val)
> +{
> +	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The current pmuserenr value might be the value for the guest.
> +	 * If that's the case, have KVM keep tracking of the register value
> +	 * for the host EL0 so that KVM can restore it before returning to
> +	 * the host EL0. Otherwise, update the register now.
> +	 */
> +	if (kvm_set_pmuserenr(val))
> +		return;
> +
> +	write_sysreg(val, pmuserenr_el0);
> +}
> +
>  static void armv8pmu_disable_user_access(void)
>  {
> -	write_sysreg(0, pmuserenr_el0);
> +	update_pmuserenr(0);
>  }
>  
>  static void armv8pmu_enable_user_access(struct arm_pmu *cpu_pmu)
> @@ -759,8 +775,7 @@ static void armv8pmu_enable_user_access(struct arm_pmu *cpu_pmu)
>  			armv8pmu_write_evcntr(i, 0);
>  	}
>  
> -	write_sysreg(0, pmuserenr_el0);
> -	write_sysreg(ARMV8_PMU_USERENR_ER | ARMV8_PMU_USERENR_CR, pmuserenr_el0);
> +	update_pmuserenr(ARMV8_PMU_USERENR_ER | ARMV8_PMU_USERENR_CR);
>  }
>  
>  static void armv8pmu_enable_event(struct perf_event *event)
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu.c
> index 7887133d15f0..40bb2cb13317 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/pmu.c
> @@ -209,3 +209,23 @@ void kvm_vcpu_pmu_restore_host(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>  	kvm_vcpu_pmu_enable_el0(events_host);
>  	kvm_vcpu_pmu_disable_el0(events_guest);
>  }
> +
> +/*
> + * With VHE, keep track of the PMUSERENR_EL0 value for the host EL0 on
> + * the pCPU where vCPU is loaded, since PMUSERENR_EL0 is switched to
> + * the value for the guest on vcpu_load().  The value for the host EL0
> + * will be restored on vcpu_put(), before returning to the EL0.
> + *
> + * Return true if KVM takes care of the register. Otherwise return false.
> + */
> +bool kvm_set_pmuserenr(u64 val)
> +{
> +	struct kvm_cpu_context *hctxt;
> +
> +	if (!kvm_arm_support_pmu_v3() || !has_vhe() || !kvm_get_running_vcpu())
> +		return false;
> +
> +	hctxt = &this_cpu_ptr(&kvm_host_data)->host_ctxt;
> +	ctxt_sys_reg(hctxt, PMUSERENR_EL0) = val;
> +	return true;
> +}
> -- 
> 2.40.0.577.gac1e443424-goog
> 
>