[PATCH 3/5 v16] ARM: Define the virtual space of KASan's shadow region
Linus Walleij
linus.walleij at linaro.org
Mon Oct 19 04:41:38 EDT 2020
From: Abbott Liu <liuwenliang at huawei.com>
Define KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET,KASAN_SHADOW_START and KASAN_SHADOW_END for
the Arm kernel address sanitizer. We are "stealing" lowmem (the 4GB
addressable by a 32bit architecture) out of the virtual address
space to use as shadow memory for KASan as follows:
+----+ 0xffffffff
| |\
| | |-> Static kernel image (vmlinux) BSS and page table
| |/
+----+ PAGE_OFFSET
| |\
| | |-> Loadable kernel modules virtual address space area
| |/
+----+ MODULES_VADDR = KASAN_SHADOW_END
| |\
| | |-> The shadow area of kernel virtual address.
| |/
+----+-> TASK_SIZE (start of kernel space) = KASAN_SHADOW_START the
| |\ shadow address of MODULES_VADDR
| | |
| | |
| | |-> The user space area in lowmem. The kernel address
| | | sanitizer do not use this space, nor does it map it.
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |/
------ 0
0 .. TASK_SIZE is the memory that can be used by shared
userspace/kernelspace. It us used for userspace processes and for
passing parameters and memory buffers in system calls etc. We do not
need to shadow this area.
KASAN_SHADOW_START:
This value begins with the MODULE_VADDR's shadow address. It is the
start of kernel virtual space. Since we have modules to load, we need
to cover also that area with shadow memory so we can find memory
bugs in modules.
KASAN_SHADOW_END
This value is the 0x100000000's shadow address: the mapping that would
be after the end of the kernel memory at 0xffffffff. It is the end of
kernel address sanitizer shadow area. It is also the start of the
module area.
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET:
This value is used to map an address to the corresponding shadow
address by the following formula:
shadow_addr = (address >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET;
As you would expect, >> 3 is equal to dividing by 8, meaning each
byte in the shadow memory covers 8 bytes of kernel memory, so one
bit shadow memory per byte of kernel memory is used.
The KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET is provided in a Kconfig option depending
on the VMSPLIT layout of the system: the kernel and userspace can
split up lowmem in different ways according to needs, so we calculate
the shadow offset depending on this.
When kasan is enabled, the definition of TASK_SIZE is not an 8-bit
rotated constant, so we need to modify the TASK_SIZE access code in the
*.s file.
The kernel and modules may use different amounts of memory,
according to the VMSPLIT configuration, which in turn
determines the PAGE_OFFSET.
We use the following KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSETs depending on how the
virtual memory is split up:
- 0x1f000000 if we have 1G userspace / 3G kernelspace split:
- The kernel address space is 3G (0xc0000000)
- PAGE_OFFSET is then set to 0x40000000 so the kernel static
image (vmlinux) uses addresses 0x40000000 .. 0xffffffff
- On top of that we have the MODULES_VADDR which under
the worst case (using ARM instructions) is
PAGE_OFFSET - 16M (0x01000000) = 0x3f000000
so the modules use addresses 0x3f000000 .. 0x3fffffff
- So the addresses 0x3f000000 .. 0xffffffff need to be
covered with shadow memory. That is 0xc1000000 bytes
of memory.
- 1/8 of that is needed for its shadow memory, so
0x18200000 bytes of shadow memory is needed. We
"steal" that from the remaining lowmem.
- The KASAN_SHADOW_START becomes 0x26e00000, to
KASAN_SHADOW_END at 0x3effffff.
- Now we can calculate the KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET for any
kernel address as 0x3f000000 needs to map to the first
byte of shadow memory and 0xffffffff needs to map to
the last byte of shadow memory. Since:
SHADOW_ADDR = (address >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
0x26e00000 = (0x3f000000 >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x26e00000 - (0x3f000000 >> 3)
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x26e00000 - 0x07e00000
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x1f000000
- 0x5f000000 if we have 2G userspace / 2G kernelspace split:
- The kernel space is 2G (0x80000000)
- PAGE_OFFSET is set to 0x80000000 so the kernel static
image uses 0x80000000 .. 0xffffffff.
- On top of that we have the MODULES_VADDR which under
the worst case (using ARM instructions) is
PAGE_OFFSET - 16M (0x01000000) = 0x7f000000
so the modules use addresses 0x7f000000 .. 0x7fffffff
- So the addresses 0x7f000000 .. 0xffffffff need to be
covered with shadow memory. That is 0x81000000 bytes
of memory.
- 1/8 of that is needed for its shadow memory, so
0x10200000 bytes of shadow memory is needed. We
"steal" that from the remaining lowmem.
- The KASAN_SHADOW_START becomes 0x6ee00000, to
KASAN_SHADOW_END at 0x7effffff.
- Now we can calculate the KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET for any
kernel address as 0x7f000000 needs to map to the first
byte of shadow memory and 0xffffffff needs to map to
the last byte of shadow memory. Since:
SHADOW_ADDR = (address >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
0x6ee00000 = (0x7f000000 >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x6ee00000 - (0x7f000000 >> 3)
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x6ee00000 - 0x0fe00000
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x5f000000
- 0x9f000000 if we have 3G userspace / 1G kernelspace split,
and this is the default split for ARM:
- The kernel address space is 1GB (0x40000000)
- PAGE_OFFSET is set to 0xc0000000 so the kernel static
image uses 0xc0000000 .. 0xffffffff.
- On top of that we have the MODULES_VADDR which under
the worst case (using ARM instructions) is
PAGE_OFFSET - 16M (0x01000000) = 0xbf000000
so the modules use addresses 0xbf000000 .. 0xbfffffff
- So the addresses 0xbf000000 .. 0xffffffff need to be
covered with shadow memory. That is 0x41000000 bytes
of memory.
- 1/8 of that is needed for its shadow memory, so
0x08200000 bytes of shadow memory is needed. We
"steal" that from the remaining lowmem.
- The KASAN_SHADOW_START becomes 0xb6e00000, to
KASAN_SHADOW_END at 0xbfffffff.
- Now we can calculate the KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET for any
kernel address as 0xbf000000 needs to map to the first
byte of shadow memory and 0xffffffff needs to map to
the last byte of shadow memory. Since:
SHADOW_ADDR = (address >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
0xb6e00000 = (0xbf000000 >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0xb6e00000 - (0xbf000000 >> 3)
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0xb6e00000 - 0x17e00000
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x9f000000
- 0x8f000000 if we have 3G userspace / 1G kernelspace with
full 1 GB low memory (VMSPLIT_3G_OPT):
- The kernel address space is 1GB (0x40000000)
- PAGE_OFFSET is set to 0xb0000000 so the kernel static
image uses 0xb0000000 .. 0xffffffff.
- On top of that we have the MODULES_VADDR which under
the worst case (using ARM instructions) is
PAGE_OFFSET - 16M (0x01000000) = 0xaf000000
so the modules use addresses 0xaf000000 .. 0xaffffff
- So the addresses 0xaf000000 .. 0xffffffff need to be
covered with shadow memory. That is 0x51000000 bytes
of memory.
- 1/8 of that is needed for its shadow memory, so
0x0a200000 bytes of shadow memory is needed. We
"steal" that from the remaining lowmem.
- The KASAN_SHADOW_START becomes 0xa4e00000, to
KASAN_SHADOW_END at 0xaeffffff.
- Now we can calculate the KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET for any
kernel address as 0xaf000000 needs to map to the first
byte of shadow memory and 0xffffffff needs to map to
the last byte of shadow memory. Since:
SHADOW_ADDR = (address >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
0xa4e00000 = (0xaf000000 >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0xa4e00000 - (0xaf000000 >> 3)
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0xa4e00000 - 0x15e00000
KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET = 0x8f000000
- The default value of 0xffffffff for KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
is an error value. We should always match one of the
above shadow offsets.
When we do this, TASK_SIZE will sometimes get a bit odd values
that will not fit into immediate mov assembly instructions.
To account for this, we need to rewrite some assembly using
TASK_SIZE like this:
- mov r1, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr r1, =TASK_SIZE
or
- cmp r4, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr r0, =TASK_SIZE
+ cmp r4, r0
this is done to avoid the immediate #TASK_SIZE that need to
fit into a limited number of bits.
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin at virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider at google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov at google.com>
Cc: kasan-dev at googlegroups.com
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt at linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb at kernel.org>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb at kernel.org> # QEMU/KVM/mach-virt/LPAE/8G
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli at gmail.com> # Brahma SoCs
Tested-by: Ahmad Fatoum <a.fatoum at pengutronix.de> # i.MX6Q
Reported-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb at kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Abbott Liu <liuwenliang at huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli at gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij at linaro.org>
---
ChangeLog v15->v16:
- Collect Florian's Tested-by
- Resend with the other patches
ChangeLog v14->v15:
- Resend with the other patches
ChangeLog v13->v14:
- Resend with the other patches
ChangeLog v12->v13:
- Rebase on kernel v5.9-rc1
ChangeLog v11->v12:
- Resend with the other changes.
ChangeLog v10->v11:
- Resend with the other changes.
ChangeLog v9->v10:
- Rebase on v5.8-rc1
ChangeLog v8->v9:
- Collect Ard's tags.
ChangeLog v7->v8:
- Rewrote the PMD clearing code to take into account that
KASan may not always be adjacent to MODULES_VADDR: if we
compile for thumb, then there will be an 8 MB hole between
the shadow memory and MODULES_VADDR. Make this explicit and
use the KASAN defines with an explicit ifdef so it is clear
what is going on in the prepare_page_table().
- Patch memory.rst to reflect the location of KASan shadow
memory.
ChangeLog v6->v7:
- Use the SPDX license identifier.
- Rewrote the commit message and updates the illustration.
- Move KASAN_OFFSET Kconfig set-up into this patch and put it
right after PAGE_OFFSET so it is clear how this works, and
we have all defines in one patch.
- Added KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET of 0x8f000000 for 3G_OPT.
See the calculation in the commit message.
- Updated the commit message with detailed information on
how KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET is obtained for the different
VMSPLIT/PAGE_OFFSET options.
---
Documentation/arm/memory.rst | 5 ++
arch/arm/Kconfig | 9 ++++
arch/arm/include/asm/kasan_def.h | 81 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h | 5 ++
arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess-asm.h | 2 +-
arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S | 3 +-
arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S | 9 ++--
arch/arm/mm/mmu.c | 18 +++++++
8 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/arm/include/asm/kasan_def.h
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/memory.rst b/Documentation/arm/memory.rst
index 34bb23c44a71..0cb1e2938823 100644
--- a/Documentation/arm/memory.rst
+++ b/Documentation/arm/memory.rst
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ MODULES_VADDR MODULES_END-1 Kernel module space
Kernel modules inserted via insmod are
placed here using dynamic mappings.
+TASK_SIZE MODULES_VADDR-1 KASAn shadow memory when KASan is in use.
+ The range from MODULES_VADDR to the top
+ of the memory is shadowed here with 1 bit
+ per byte of memory.
+
00001000 TASK_SIZE-1 User space mappings
Per-thread mappings are placed here via
the mmap() system call.
diff --git a/arch/arm/Kconfig b/arch/arm/Kconfig
index e00d94b16658..0489b8d07172 100644
--- a/arch/arm/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm/Kconfig
@@ -1324,6 +1324,15 @@ config PAGE_OFFSET
default 0xB0000000 if VMSPLIT_3G_OPT
default 0xC0000000
+config KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
+ hex
+ depends on KASAN
+ default 0x1f000000 if PAGE_OFFSET=0x40000000
+ default 0x5f000000 if PAGE_OFFSET=0x80000000
+ default 0x9f000000 if PAGE_OFFSET=0xC0000000
+ default 0x8f000000 if PAGE_OFFSET=0xB0000000
+ default 0xffffffff
+
config NR_CPUS
int "Maximum number of CPUs (2-32)"
range 2 32
diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/kasan_def.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/kasan_def.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5739605aa7cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/kasan_def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * arch/arm/include/asm/kasan_def.h
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
+ *
+ * Author: Abbott Liu <liuwenliang at huawei.com>
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ASM_KASAN_DEF_H
+#define __ASM_KASAN_DEF_H
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
+
+/*
+ * Define KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET,KASAN_SHADOW_START and KASAN_SHADOW_END for
+ * the Arm kernel address sanitizer. We are "stealing" lowmem (the 4GB
+ * addressable by a 32bit architecture) out of the virtual address
+ * space to use as shadow memory for KASan as follows:
+ *
+ * +----+ 0xffffffff
+ * | | \
+ * | | |-> Static kernel image (vmlinux) BSS and page table
+ * | |/
+ * +----+ PAGE_OFFSET
+ * | | \
+ * | | |-> Loadable kernel modules virtual address space area
+ * | |/
+ * +----+ MODULES_VADDR = KASAN_SHADOW_END
+ * | | \
+ * | | |-> The shadow area of kernel virtual address.
+ * | |/
+ * +----+-> TASK_SIZE (start of kernel space) = KASAN_SHADOW_START the
+ * | |\ shadow address of MODULES_VADDR
+ * | | |
+ * | | |
+ * | | |-> The user space area in lowmem. The kernel address
+ * | | | sanitizer do not use this space, nor does it map it.
+ * | | |
+ * | | |
+ * | | |
+ * | | |
+ * | |/
+ * ------ 0
+ *
+ * 1) KASAN_SHADOW_START
+ * This value begins with the MODULE_VADDR's shadow address. It is the
+ * start of kernel virtual space. Since we have modules to load, we need
+ * to cover also that area with shadow memory so we can find memory
+ * bugs in modules.
+ *
+ * 2) KASAN_SHADOW_END
+ * This value is the 0x100000000's shadow address: the mapping that would
+ * be after the end of the kernel memory at 0xffffffff. It is the end of
+ * kernel address sanitizer shadow area. It is also the start of the
+ * module area.
+ *
+ * 3) KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET:
+ * This value is used to map an address to the corresponding shadow
+ * address by the following formula:
+ *
+ * shadow_addr = (address >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET;
+ *
+ * As you would expect, >> 3 is equal to dividing by 8, meaning each
+ * byte in the shadow memory covers 8 bytes of kernel memory, so one
+ * bit shadow memory per byte of kernel memory is used.
+ *
+ * The KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET is provided in a Kconfig option depending
+ * on the VMSPLIT layout of the system: the kernel and userspace can
+ * split up lowmem in different ways according to needs, so we calculate
+ * the shadow offset depending on this.
+ */
+
+#define KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT 3
+#define KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET _AC(CONFIG_KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET, UL)
+#define KASAN_SHADOW_END ((UL(1) << (32 - KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT)) \
+ + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET)
+#define KASAN_SHADOW_START ((KASAN_SHADOW_END >> 3) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET)
+
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h
index bb79e52aeb90..598dbdca2017 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/memory.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_MACH_MEMORY_H
#include <mach/memory.h>
#endif
+#include <asm/kasan_def.h>
/* PAGE_OFFSET - the virtual address of the start of the kernel image */
#define PAGE_OFFSET UL(CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET)
@@ -28,7 +29,11 @@
* TASK_SIZE - the maximum size of a user space task.
* TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE - the lower boundary of the mmap VM area
*/
+#ifndef CONFIG_KASAN
#define TASK_SIZE (UL(CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET) - UL(SZ_16M))
+#else
+#define TASK_SIZE (KASAN_SHADOW_START)
+#endif
#define TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE ALIGN(TASK_SIZE / 3, SZ_16M)
/*
diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess-asm.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess-asm.h
index 907571fd05c6..e6eb7a2aaf1e 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess-asm.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess-asm.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
*/
.macro uaccess_entry, tsk, tmp0, tmp1, tmp2, disable
ldr \tmp1, [\tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
- mov \tmp2, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr \tmp2, =TASK_SIZE
str \tmp2, [\tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
DACR( mrc p15, 0, \tmp0, c3, c0, 0)
DACR( str \tmp0, [sp, #SVC_DACR])
diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S b/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
index 55a47df04773..c4220f51fcf3 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
@@ -427,7 +427,8 @@ ENDPROC(__fiq_abt)
@ if it was interrupted in a critical region. Here we
@ perform a quick test inline since it should be false
@ 99.9999% of the time. The rest is done out of line.
- cmp r4, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr r0, =TASK_SIZE
+ cmp r4, r0
blhs kuser_cmpxchg64_fixup
#endif
#endif
diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S b/arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S
index 271cb8a1eba1..fee279e28a72 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ __ret_fast_syscall:
UNWIND(.cantunwind )
disable_irq_notrace @ disable interrupts
ldr r2, [tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
- cmp r2, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr r1, =TASK_SIZE
+ cmp r2, r1
blne addr_limit_check_failed
ldr r1, [tsk, #TI_FLAGS] @ re-check for syscall tracing
tst r1, #_TIF_SYSCALL_WORK | _TIF_WORK_MASK
@@ -87,7 +88,8 @@ __ret_fast_syscall:
#endif
disable_irq_notrace @ disable interrupts
ldr r2, [tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
- cmp r2, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr r1, =TASK_SIZE
+ cmp r2, r1
blne addr_limit_check_failed
ldr r1, [tsk, #TI_FLAGS] @ re-check for syscall tracing
tst r1, #_TIF_SYSCALL_WORK | _TIF_WORK_MASK
@@ -128,7 +130,8 @@ ret_slow_syscall:
disable_irq_notrace @ disable interrupts
ENTRY(ret_to_user_from_irq)
ldr r2, [tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
- cmp r2, #TASK_SIZE
+ ldr r1, =TASK_SIZE
+ cmp r2, r1
blne addr_limit_check_failed
ldr r1, [tsk, #TI_FLAGS]
tst r1, #_TIF_WORK_MASK
diff --git a/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
index a7231d151c63..50ae506a39e1 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
#include <asm/procinfo.h>
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
+#include <asm/kasan_def.h>
#include <asm/mach/arch.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
@@ -1265,8 +1266,25 @@ static inline void prepare_page_table(void)
/*
* Clear out all the mappings below the kernel image.
*/
+#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
+ /*
+ * KASan's shadow memory inserts itself between the TASK_SIZE
+ * and MODULES_VADDR. Do not clear the KASan shadow memory mappings.
+ */
+ for (addr = 0; addr < KASAN_SHADOW_START; addr += PMD_SIZE)
+ pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
+ /*
+ * Skip over the KASan shadow area. KASAN_SHADOW_END is sometimes
+ * equal to MODULES_VADDR and then we exit the pmd clearing. If we
+ * are using a thumb-compiled kernel, there there will be 8MB more
+ * to clear as KASan always offset to 16 MB below MODULES_VADDR.
+ */
+ for (addr = KASAN_SHADOW_END; addr < MODULES_VADDR; addr += PMD_SIZE)
+ pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
+#else
for (addr = 0; addr < MODULES_VADDR; addr += PMD_SIZE)
pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
/* The XIP kernel is mapped in the module area -- skip over it */
--
2.26.2
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