[PATCH v8 3/4] doc: trusted-encrypted: updates with TEE as a new trust source
Randy Dunlap
rdunlap at infradead.org
Sun Dec 6 13:51:59 EST 2020
Hi--
Please see doc. comments below.
On 11/3/20 8:01 AM, Sumit Garg wrote:
> Update documentation for Trusted and Encrypted Keys with TEE as a new
> trust source. Following is brief description of updates:
>
> - Add a section to demostrate a list of supported devices along with
demonstrate
> their security properties/guarantees.
> - Add a key generation section.
> - Updates for usage section including differences specific to a trust
> source.
>
> Signed-off-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg at linaro.org>
> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen at linux.intel.com>
> ---
> Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst | 203 ++++++++++++++++++----
> 1 file changed, 171 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst b/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst
> index 1da879a..16042c8 100644
> --- a/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst
> @@ -6,30 +6,161 @@ Trusted and Encrypted Keys are two new key types added to the existing kernel
> key ring service. Both of these new types are variable length symmetric keys,
> and in both cases all keys are created in the kernel, and user space sees,
> stores, and loads only encrypted blobs. Trusted Keys require the availability
> -of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip for greater security, while Encrypted
> -Keys can be used on any system. All user level blobs, are displayed and loaded
> -in hex ascii for convenience, and are integrity verified.
> +of a Trust Source for greater security, while Encrypted Keys can be used on any
> +system. All user level blobs, are displayed and loaded in hex ascii for
s/ascii/ASCII/ please. Yes, I know that it was already there in lower case.
> +convenience, and are integrity verified.
>
> -Trusted Keys use a TPM both to generate and to seal the keys. Keys are sealed
> -under a 2048 bit RSA key in the TPM, and optionally sealed to specified PCR
> -(integrity measurement) values, and only unsealed by the TPM, if PCRs and blob
> -integrity verifications match. A loaded Trusted Key can be updated with new
> -(future) PCR values, so keys are easily migrated to new pcr values, such as
> -when the kernel and initramfs are updated. The same key can have many saved
> -blobs under different PCR values, so multiple boots are easily supported.
>
> -TPM 1.2
> --------
> +Trust Source
> +============
>
> -By default, trusted keys are sealed under the SRK, which has the default
> -authorization value (20 zeros). This can be set at takeownership time with the
> -trouser's utility: "tpm_takeownership -u -z".
> +Trust Source provides the source of security for the Trusted Keys, on which
> +basis Trusted Keys establishes a Trust model with its user. A Trust Source could
> +differ from one system to another depending on its security requirements. It
> +could be either an off-chip device or an on-chip device. Following section
> +demostrates a list of supported devices along with their security properties/
demonstrates
> +guarantees:
>
> -TPM 2.0
> --------
> + * Root of trust for storage
>
> -The user must first create a storage key and make it persistent, so the key is
> -available after reboot. This can be done using the following commands.
> + (1) TPM (Trusted Platform Module: hardware device)
> +
> + Rooted to Storage Root Key (SRK) which never leaves the TPM that
> + provides crypto operation to establish root of trust for storage.
> +
> + (2) TEE (Trusted Execution Environment: OP-TEE based on Arm TrustZone)
> +
> + Rooted to Hardware Unique Key (HUK) which is generally burnt in on-chip
> + fuses and is accessible to TEE only.
> +
> + * Execution isolation
> +
> + (1) TPM
> +
> + Fixed set of operations running in isolated execution environment.
> +
> + (2) TEE
> +
> + Customizable set of operations running in isolated execution
> + environment verified via Secure/Trusted boot process.
> +
> + * Optional binding to platform integrity state
> +
> + (1) TPM
> +
> + Keys can be optionally sealed to specified PCR (integrity measurement)
> + values, and only unsealed by the TPM, if PCRs and blob integrity
> + verifications match. A loaded Trusted Key can be updated with new
> + (future) PCR values, so keys are easily migrated to new PCR values,
> + such as when the kernel and initramfs are updated. The same key can
> + have many saved blobs under different PCR values, so multiple boots are
> + easily supported.
> +
> + (2) TEE
> +
> + Relies on Secure/Trusted boot process for platform integrity. It can
> + be extended with TEE based measured boot process.
> +
> + * On-chip versus off-chip
> +
> + (1) TPM
> +
> + Off-chip device connected via serial bus (like I2C, SPI etc.) exposing
> + physical access which represents an attack surface that can be
> + mitigated via tamper detection.
> +
> + (2) TEE
> +
> + On-chip functionality, immune to this attack surface.
> +
> + * Memory attacks (DRAM based like attaching a bus monitor etc.)
DRAM-based
> +
> + (1) TPM
> +
> + Immune to these attacks as it doesn’t make use of system DRAM.
> +
> + (2) TEE
> +
> + An implementation based on TrustZone protected DRAM is susceptible to
> + such attacks. In order to mitigate these attacks one needs to rely on
> + on-chip secure RAM to store secrets or have the entire TEE
> + implementation based on on-chip secure RAM. An alternative mitigation
> + would be to use encrypted DRAM.
> +
> + * Side-channel attacks (cache, memory, CPU or time based)
> +
> + (1) TPM
> +
> + Immune to side-channel attacks as its resources are isolated from the
> + main OS.
> +
> + (2) TEE
> +
> + A careful implementation is required to mitigate against these attacks
> + for resources which are shared (eg. shared memory) with the main OS.
e.g.
> + Cache and CPU based side-channel attacks can be mitigated via
> + invalidating caches and CPU registers during context switch to and from
> + the secure world.
> + To mitigate against time based attacks, one needs to have time
> + invariant implementations (like crypto algorithms etc.).
> +
> + * Resistance to physical attacks (power analysis, electromagnetic emanation,
> + probes etc.)
> +
> + (1) TPM
> +
> + Provides limited protection utilizing tamper resistance.
> +
> + (2) TEE
> +
> + Provides no protection by itself, relies on the underlying platform for
> + features such as tamper resistance.
> +
> +
> +Key Generation
> +==============
> +
> +Trusted Keys
> +------------
> +
> +New keys are created from trust source generated random numbers, and are
> +encrypted/decrypted using trust source storage root key.
> +
> + * TPM (hardware device) based RNG
> +
> + Strength of random numbers may vary from one device manufacturer to
> + another.
> +
> + * TEE (OP-TEE based on Arm TrustZone) based RNG
> +
> + RNG is customizable as per platform needs. It can either be direct output
> + from platform specific hardware RNG or a software based Fortuna CSPRNG
> + which can be seeded via multiple entropy sources.
> +
> +Encrypted Keys
> +--------------
> +
> +Encrypted keys do not depend on a trust source, and are faster, as they use AES
> +for encryption/decryption. New keys are created from kernel generated random
kernel-generated
> +numbers, and are encrypted/decrypted using a specified ‘master’ key. The
> +‘master’ key can either be a trusted-key or user-key type. The main disadvantage
> +of encrypted keys is that if they are not rooted in a trusted key, they are only
> +as secure as the user key encrypting them. The master user key should therefore
> +be loaded in as secure a way as possible, preferably early in boot.
> +
> +
> +Usage
> +=====
> +
> +Trusted Keys usage: TPM
> +-----------------------
> +
> +TPM 1.2: By default, trusted keys are sealed under the SRK, which has the
> +default authorization value (20 zeros). This can be set at takeownership time
Does "20 zeros" mean 20 bytes of 0s or 20 bits of 0s or something else?
> +with the TrouSerS utility: "tpm_takeownership -u -z".
> +
> +TPM 2.0: The user must first create a storage key and make it persistent, so the
> +key is available after reboot. This can be done using the following commands.
>
> With the IBM TSS 2 stack::
>
> @@ -78,14 +209,21 @@ TPM_STORED_DATA format. The key length for new keys are always in bytes.
> Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits), the upper limit is to fit
> within the 2048 bit SRK (RSA) keylength, with all necessary structure/padding.
>
> -Encrypted keys do not depend on a TPM, and are faster, as they use AES for
> -encryption/decryption. New keys are created from kernel generated random
> -numbers, and are encrypted/decrypted using a specified 'master' key. The
> -'master' key can either be a trusted-key or user-key type. The main
> -disadvantage of encrypted keys is that if they are not rooted in a trusted key,
> -they are only as secure as the user key encrypting them. The master user key
> -should therefore be loaded in as secure a way as possible, preferably early in
> -boot.
> +Trusted Keys usage: TEE
> +-----------------------
> +
> +Usage::
> +
> + keyctl add trusted name "new keylen" ring
> + keyctl add trusted name "load hex_blob" ring
> + keyctl print keyid
> +
> +"keyctl print" returns an ascii hex copy of the sealed key, which is in format
ASCII
> +specific to TEE device implementation. The key length for new keys are always
is always
> +in bytes. Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits).
> +
> +Encrypted Keys usage
> +--------------------
>
> The decrypted portion of encrypted keys can contain either a simple symmetric
> key or a more complex structure. The format of the more complex structure is
> @@ -103,8 +241,8 @@ Where::
> format:= 'default | ecryptfs | enc32'
> key-type:= 'trusted' | 'user'
>
> -
> Examples of trusted and encrypted key usage:
> +--------------------------------------------
No colon at end of heading, please.
>
> Create and save a trusted key named "kmk" of length 32 bytes.
>
> @@ -150,7 +288,7 @@ Load a trusted key from the saved blob::
> f1f8fff03ad0acb083725535636addb08d73dedb9832da198081e5deae84bfaf0409c22b
> e4a8aea2b607ec96931e6f4d4fe563ba
>
> -Reseal a trusted key under new pcr values::
> +Reseal (TPM specific) a trusted key under new PCR values::
>
> $ keyctl update 268728824 "update pcrinfo=`cat pcr.blob`"
> $ keyctl print 268728824
> @@ -164,11 +302,12 @@ Reseal a trusted key under new pcr values::
> 7ef6a24defe4846104209bf0c3eced7fa1a672ed5b125fc9d8cd88b476a658a4434644ef
> df8ae9a178e9f83ba9f08d10fa47e4226b98b0702f06b3b8
>
> +
> The initial consumer of trusted keys is EVM, which at boot time needs a high
> -quality symmetric key for HMAC protection of file metadata. The use of a
> +quality symmetric key for HMAC protection of file metadata. The use of a
> trusted key provides strong guarantees that the EVM key has not been
> -compromised by a user level problem, and when sealed to specific boot PCR
> -values, protects against boot and offline attacks. Create and save an
> +compromised by a user level problem, and when sealed to a platform integrity
> +state, protects against boot and offline attacks. Create and save an
> encrypted key "evm" using the above trusted key "kmk":
>
> option 1: omitting 'format'::
>
thanks.
--
~Randy
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