[3/3] arm64: Add software workaround for Falkor erratum 1041
Manoj Iyer
manoj.iyer at canonical.com
Wed Nov 8 11:05:55 PST 2017
On Thu, 2 Nov 2017, Shanker Donthineni wrote:
> The ARM architecture defines the memory locations that are permitted
> to be accessed as the result of a speculative instruction fetch from
> an exception level for which all stages of translation are disabled.
> Specifically, the core is permitted to speculatively fetch from the
> 4KB region containing the current program counter and next 4KB.
>
> When translation is changed from enabled to disabled for the running
> exception level (SCTLR_ELn[M] changed from a value of 1 to 0), the
> Falkor core may errantly speculatively access memory locations outside
> of the 4KB region permitted by the architecture. The errant memory
> access may lead to one of the following unexpected behaviors.
>
> 1) A System Error Interrupt (SEI) being raised by the Falkor core due
> to the errant memory access attempting to access a region of memory
> that is protected by a slave-side memory protection unit.
> 2) Unpredictable device behavior due to a speculative read from device
> memory. This behavior may only occur if the instruction cache is
> disabled prior to or coincident with translation being changed from
> enabled to disabled.
>
> To avoid the errant behavior, software must execute an ISB immediately
> prior to executing the MSR that will change SCTLR_ELn[M] from 1 to 0.
>
> Signed-off-by: Shanker Donthineni <shankerd at codeaurora.org>
> ---
> Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt | 1 +
> arch/arm64/Kconfig | 10 ++++++++++
> arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h | 17 +++++++++++++++++
> arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h | 3 ++-
> arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c | 16 ++++++++++++++++
> arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S | 4 ++--
> arch/arm64/kernel/head.S | 4 ++--
> 7 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt b/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt
> index 66e8ce1..704770c0 100644
> --- a/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt
> @@ -74,3 +74,4 @@ stable kernels.
> | Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1003 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1003 |
> | Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1009 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1009 |
> | Qualcomm Tech. | QDF2400 ITS | E0065 | QCOM_QDF2400_ERRATUM_0065 |
> +| Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v{1,2} | E1041 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1041 |
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
> index 0df64a6..7e933fb 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
> @@ -539,6 +539,16 @@ config QCOM_QDF2400_ERRATUM_0065
>
> If unsure, say Y.
>
> +config QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1041
> + bool "Falkor E1041: Speculative instruction fetches might cause errant memory access"
> + default y
> + help
> + Falkor CPU may speculatively fetch instructions from an improper
> + memory location when MMU translation is changed from SCTLR_ELn[M]=1
> + to SCTLR_ELn[M]=0. Prefix an ISB instruction to fix the problem.
> +
> + If unsure, say Y.
> +
> endmenu
>
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h
> index b6dfb4f..4c91efb 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h
> @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
> #include <asm/pgtable-hwdef.h>
> #include <asm/ptrace.h>
> #include <asm/thread_info.h>
> +#include <asm/alternative.h>
>
> /*
> * Enable and disable interrupts.
> @@ -514,6 +515,22 @@
> * reg: the value to be written.
> */
> .macro write_sctlr, eln, reg
> +#ifdef CONFIG_QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1041
> +alternative_if ARM64_WORKAROUND_QCOM_FALKOR_E1041
> + tbnz \reg, #0, 8000f // enable MMU?
> + isb
> +8000:
> +alternative_else_nop_endif
> +#endif
> + msr sctlr_\eln, \reg
> + .endm
> +
> + .macro early_write_sctlr, eln, reg
> +#ifdef CONFIG_QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1041
> + tbnz \reg, #0, 8000f // enable MMU?
> + isb
> +8000:
> +#endif
> msr sctlr_\eln, \reg
> .endm
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
> index 8da6216..7f7a59d 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/cpucaps.h
> @@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
> #define ARM64_WORKAROUND_858921 19
> #define ARM64_WORKAROUND_CAVIUM_30115 20
> #define ARM64_HAS_DCPOP 21
> +#define ARM64_WORKAROUND_QCOM_FALKOR_E1041 22
>
> -#define ARM64_NCAPS 22
> +#define ARM64_NCAPS 23
>
> #endif /* __ASM_CPUCAPS_H */
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c
> index 0e27f86..27f9a45 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpu_errata.c
> @@ -179,6 +179,22 @@ static int cpu_enable_trap_ctr_access(void *__unused)
> MIDR_CPU_VAR_REV(0, 0)),
> },
> #endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1041
> + {
> + .desc = "Qualcomm Technologies Falkor erratum 1041",
> + .capability = ARM64_WORKAROUND_QCOM_FALKOR_E1041,
> + MIDR_RANGE(MIDR_QCOM_FALKOR_V1,
> + MIDR_CPU_VAR_REV(0, 0),
> + MIDR_CPU_VAR_REV(0, 0)),
> + },
> + {
> + .desc = "Qualcomm Technologies Falkor erratum 1041",
> + .capability = ARM64_WORKAROUND_QCOM_FALKOR_E1041,
> + MIDR_RANGE(MIDR_QCOM_FALKOR,
> + MIDR_CPU_VAR_REV(0, 1),
> + MIDR_CPU_VAR_REV(0, 2)),
> + },
> +#endif
> #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_ERRATUM_858921
> {
> /* Cortex-A73 all versions */
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S
> index acae627..c31be1b 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/efi-entry.S
> @@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ ENTRY(entry)
> read_sctlr el2, x0
> bic x0, x0, #1 << 0 // clear SCTLR.M
> bic x0, x0, #1 << 2 // clear SCTLR.C
> - write_sctlr el2, x0
> + early_write_sctlr el2, x0
> isb
> b 2f
> 1:
> read_sctlr el1, x0
> bic x0, x0, #1 << 0 // clear SCTLR.M
> bic x0, x0, #1 << 2 // clear SCTLR.C
> - write_sctlr el1, x0
> + early_write_sctlr el1, x0
> isb
> 2:
> /* Jump to kernel entry point */
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
> index b8d5b73..9512ce7 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
> @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ install_el2_stub:
> mov x0, #0x0800 // Set/clear RES{1,0} bits
> CPU_BE( movk x0, #0x33d0, lsl #16 ) // Set EE and E0E on BE systems
> CPU_LE( movk x0, #0x30d0, lsl #16 ) // Clear EE and E0E on LE systems
> - write_sctlr el1, x0
> + early_write_sctlr el1, x0
>
> /* Coprocessor traps. */
> mov x0, #0x33ff
> @@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ __primary_switch:
> * to take into account by discarding the current kernel mapping and
> * creating a new one.
> */
> - write_sctlr el1, x20 // disable the MMU
> + early_write_sctlr el1, x20 // disable the MMU
> isb
> bl __create_page_tables // recreate kernel mapping
>
>
I applied the 3 patches to Ubuntu 4.13.0-16-generic (Artful) kernel and
ran stress-ng cpu tests on QDF2400 server as follows:
sudo ./stress-ng --pathological -v --cpu 100 --cpu-load 80 --cpu-method
all --cpu-online 500 --matrix 100 --matrix-method all --matrix-size 8192
--vm 10 --vm-hang 10 --vm-method all --switch 100 --numa 100
Where stress-ng would spawn N workers and test cpu offline/online, perform
matrix operations, do rapid context switchs, and anonymous mmaps. Although
I was not able to reproduce the erratum on the stock 4.13 kernel using the
same test case, the patched kernel did not seem to introduce any
regressions either. I ran the stress-ng tests for over 8hrs found the
system to be stable.
Tested-by: Manoj Iyer <manoj.iyer at canonical.com>
Regards
--
============================
Manoj Iyer
Ubuntu/Canonical
ARM Servers - Cloud
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