[PATCH] PCI: Add information about describing PCI in ACPI
Zheng, Lv
lv.zheng at intel.com
Tue Nov 22 19:23:35 PST 2016
Hi, Bjorn
Thanks for the documentation.
It really helps!
However I have a question below.
> From: linux-acpi-owner at vger.kernel.org [mailto:linux-acpi-owner at vger.kernel.org] On Behalf Of Bjorn
> Helgaas
> Subject: [PATCH] PCI: Add information about describing PCI in ACPI
>
> Add a writeup about how PCI host bridges should be described in ACPI
> using PNP0A03/PNP0A08 devices, PNP0C02 devices, and the MCFG table.
>
> Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas at google.com>
> ---
> Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX | 2 +
> Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt | 136 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 2 files changed, 138 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX
> index 147231f..0780280 100644
> --- a/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX
> +++ b/Documentation/PCI/00-INDEX
> @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
> 00-INDEX
> - this file
> +acpi-info.txt
> + - info on how PCI host bridges are represented in ACPI
> MSI-HOWTO.txt
> - the Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) Driver Guide HOWTO and FAQ.
> PCIEBUS-HOWTO.txt
> diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..ccbcfda
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/PCI/acpi-info.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
> + ACPI considerations for PCI host bridges
> +
> +The basic requirement is that the ACPI namespace should describe
> +*everything* that consumes address space unless there's another
> +standard way for the OS to find it [1, 2]. For example, windows that
> +are forwarded to PCI by a PCI host bridge should be described via ACPI
> +devices, since the OS can't locate the host bridge by itself. PCI
> +devices *below* the host bridge do not need to be described via ACPI,
> +because the resources they consume are inside the host bridge windows,
> +and the OS can discover them via the standard PCI enumeration
> +mechanism (using config accesses to read and size the BARs).
> +
> +This ACPI resource description is done via _CRS methods of devices in
> +the ACPI namespace [2]. _CRS methods are like generalized PCI BARs:
> +the OS can read _CRS and figure out what resource is being consumed
> +even if it doesn't have a driver for the device [3]. That's important
> +because it means an old OS can work correctly even on a system with
> +new devices unknown to the OS. The new devices won't do anything, but
> +the OS can at least make sure no resources conflict with them.
> +
> +Static tables like MCFG, HPET, ECDT, etc., are *not* mechanisms for
> +reserving address space! The static tables are for things the OS
> +needs to know early in boot, before it can parse the ACPI namespace.
> +If a new table is defined, an old OS needs to operate correctly even
> +though it ignores the table. _CRS allows that because it is generic
> +and understood by the old OS; a static table does not.
The entire document doesn't talk about the details of _CBA.
There is only one line below mentioned _CBA as an example.
> +
> +If the OS is expected to manage an ACPI device, that device will have
> +a specific _HID/_CID that tells the OS what driver to bind to it, and
> +the _CRS tells the OS and the driver where the device's registers are.
> +
> +PNP0C02 "motherboard" devices are basically a catch-all. There's no
> +programming model for them other than "don't use these resources for
> +anything else." So any address space that is (1) not claimed by some
> +other ACPI device and (2) should not be assigned by the OS to
> +something else, should be claimed by a PNP0C02 _CRS method.
> +
> +PCI host bridges are PNP0A03 or PNP0A08 devices. Their _CRS should
> +describe all the address space they consume. In principle, this would
> +be all the windows they forward down to the PCI bus, as well as the
> +bridge registers themselves. The bridge registers include things like
> +secondary/subordinate bus registers that determine the bus range below
> +the bridge, window registers that describe the apertures, etc. These
> +are all device-specific, non-architected things, so the only way a
> +PNP0A03/PNP0A08 driver can manage them is via _PRS/_CRS/_SRS, which
> +contain the device-specific details. These bridge registers also
> +include ECAM space, since it is consumed by the bridge.
> +
> +ACPI defined a Producer/Consumer bit that was intended to distinguish
> +the bridge apertures from the bridge registers [4, 5]. However,
> +BIOSes didn't use that bit correctly, and the result is that OSes have
> +to assume that everything in a PCI host bridge _CRS is a window. That
> +leaves no way to describe the bridge registers in the PNP0A03/PNP0A08
> +device itself.
> +
> +The workaround is to describe the bridge registers (including ECAM
> +space) in PNP0C02 catch-all devices [6]. With the exception of ECAM,
> +the bridge register space is device-specific anyway, so the generic
> +PNP0A03/PNP0A08 driver (pci_root.c) has no need to know about it. For
> +ECAM, pci_root.c learns about the space from either MCFG or the _CBA
> +method.
Should the relationship of MCFG and _CBA be covered in this document?
Thanks and best regards
Lv
> +
> +Note that the PCIe spec actually does require ECAM unless there's a
> +standard firmware interface for config access, e.g., the ia64 SAL
> +interface [7]. One reason is that we want a generic host bridge
> +driver (pci_root.c), and a generic driver requires a generic way to
> +access config space.
> +
> +
> +[1] ACPI 6.0, sec 6.1:
> + For any device that is on a non-enumerable type of bus (for
> + example, an ISA bus), OSPM enumerates the devices' identifier(s)
> + and the ACPI system firmware must supply an _HID object ... for
> + each device to enable OSPM to do that.
> +
> +[2] ACPI 6.0, sec 3.7:
> + The OS enumerates motherboard devices simply by reading through
> + the ACPI Namespace looking for devices with hardware IDs.
> +
> + Each device enumerated by ACPI includes ACPI-defined objects in
> + the ACPI Namespace that report the hardware resources the device
> + could occupy [_PRS], an object that reports the resources that are
> + currently used by the device [_CRS], and objects for configuring
> + those resources [_SRS]. The information is used by the Plug and
> + Play OS (OSPM) to configure the devices.
> +
> +[3] ACPI 6.0, sec 6.2:
> + OSPM uses device configuration objects to configure hardware
> + resources for devices enumerated via ACPI. Device configuration
> + objects provide information about current and possible resource
> + requirements, the relationship between shared resources, and
> + methods for configuring hardware resources.
> +
> + When OSPM enumerates a device, it calls _PRS to determine the
> + resource requirements of the device. It may also call _CRS to
> + find the current resource settings for the device. Using this
> + information, the Plug and Play system determines what resources
> + the device should consume and sets those resources by calling the
> + device’s _SRS control method.
> +
> + In ACPI, devices can consume resources (for example, legacy
> + keyboards), provide resources (for example, a proprietary PCI
> + bridge), or do both. Unless otherwise specified, resources for a
> + device are assumed to be taken from the nearest matching resource
> + above the device in the device hierarchy.
> +
> +[4] ACPI 6.0, sec 6.4.3.5.4:
> + Extended Address Space Descriptor
> + General Flags: Bit [0] Consumer/Producer:
> + 1–This device consumes this resource
> + 0–This device produces and consumes this resource
> +
> +[5] ACPI 6.0, sec 19.6.43:
> + ResourceUsage specifies whether the Memory range is consumed by
> + this device (ResourceConsumer) or passed on to child devices
> + (ResourceProducer). If nothing is specified, then
> + ResourceConsumer is assumed.
> +
> +[6] PCI Firmware 3.0, sec 4.1.2:
> + If the operating system does not natively comprehend reserving the
> + MMCFG region, the MMCFG region must be reserved by firmware. The
> + address range reported in the MCFG table or by _CBA method (see
> + Section 4.1.3) must be reserved by declaring a motherboard
> + resource. For most systems, the motherboard resource would appear
> + at the root of the ACPI namespace (under \_SB) in a node with a
> + _HID of EISAID (PNP0C02), and the resources in this case should
> + not be claimed in the root PCI bus’s _CRS. The resources can
> + optionally be returned in Int15 E820 or EFIGetMemoryMap as
> + reserved memory but must always be reported through ACPI as a
> + motherboard resource.
> +
> +[7] PCI Express 3.0, sec 7.2.2:
> + For systems that are PC-compatible, or that do not implement a
> + processor-architecture-specific firmware interface standard that
> + allows access to the Configuration Space, the ECAM is required as
> + defined in this section.
>
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