[PATCH v5 1/8] Documentation: arm: define DT cpu capacity-dmips-mhz bindings
Vincent Guittot
vincent.guittot at linaro.org
Wed Jun 15 05:51:46 PDT 2016
On 15 June 2016 at 12:17, Juri Lelli <juri.lelli at arm.com> wrote:
> ARM systems may be configured to have cpus with different power/performance
> characteristics within the same chip. In this case, additional information
> has to be made available to the kernel (the scheduler in particular) for it
> to be aware of such differences and take decisions accordingly.
>
> Therefore, this patch aims at standardizing cpu capacities device tree
> bindings for ARM platforms. Bindings define cpu capacity-dmips-mhz
> parameter, to allow operating systems to retrieve such information from
> the device tree and initialize related kernel structures, paving the way
> for common code in the kernel to deal with heterogeneity.
>
> Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt at kernel.org>
> Cc: Pawel Moll <pawel.moll at arm.com>
> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland at arm.com>
> Cc: Ian Campbell <ijc+devicetree at hellion.org.uk>
> Cc: Kumar Gala <galak at codeaurora.org>
> Cc: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard at free-electrons.com>
> Cc: Olof Johansson <olof at lixom.net>
> Cc: Gregory CLEMENT <gregory.clement at free-electrons.com>
> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul at pwsan.com>
> Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij at linaro.org>
> Cc: Chen-Yu Tsai <wens at csie.org>
> Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni at free-electrons.com>
> Cc: devicetree at vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli at arm.com>
> ---
>
> Changes from v1:
> - removed section regarding capacity-scale
> - added information regarding normalization
>
> Changes from v4:
> - binding changed to capacity-dmips-mhz
> - sections and changelod updated accordingly
> ---
> .../devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt | 236 +++++++++++++++++++++
> Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt | 10 +
> 2 files changed, 246 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..7582a13
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
> +==========================================
> +ARM CPUs capacity bindings
> +==========================================
> +
> +==========================================
> +1 - Introduction
> +==========================================
> +
> +ARM systems may be configured to have cpus with different power/performance
> +characteristics within the same chip. In this case, additional information
> +has to be made available to the kernel (the scheduler in particular) for
not sure that it's worth mentioning the scheduler in particular here
> +it to be aware of such differences and take decisions accordingly.
> +
> +==========================================
> +2 - CPU capacity definition
> +==========================================
> +
> +CPU capacity is a number that provides the scheduler information about CPUs
> +heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity can come from micro-architectural differences
> +(e.g., ARM big.LITTLE systems) or maximum frequency at which CPUs can run
> +(e.g., SMP systems with multiple frequency domains). Heterogeneity in this
> +context is about differing performance characteristics; this binding tries to
> +capture a first-order approximation of the relative performance of CPUs.
> +
> +CPU capacities are obtained by running a suitable benchmark. This binding makes
> +no aspersions on the validity or suitability of any particular benchmark, the
> +final capacity should, however, be:
> +
> +* A "single-threaded" or CPU affine benchmark
> +* Divided by the running frequency of the CPU executing the benchmark
> +* Not subject to dynamic frequency scaling of the CPU
> +
> +For the time being we however advise usage of the Dhrystone benchmark. What
> +above thus becomes:
> +
> +CPU capacities are obtained by running the Dhrystone benchmark on each CPU at
> +max frequency. The obtained DMIPS score is then divided by the frequency (in
> +MHz) at which the benchmark has been run, so that DMIPS/MHz are obtained.
> +Such values are then normalized w.r.t. the highest score obtained in the
> +system.
> +
> +==========================================
> +3 - capacity-dmips-mhz
> +==========================================
> +
> +capacity-dmips-mhz is an optional cpu node [1] property: u32 value
> +representing CPU capacity expressed in normalized DMIPS/MHz. At boot time, the
> +maximum frequency available to the cpu is then used to calculate the capacity
> +value internally used by the kernel.
> +
> +capacity-dmips-mhz property is all-or-nothing: if it is specified for a cpu
> +node, it has to be specified for every other cpu nodes, or the system will
> +fall back to the default capacity value for every CPU. If cpufreq is not
> +available, final capacities are calculated by directly using capacity-dmips-
> +mhz values (normalized w.r.t. the highest value found while parsing the DT).
looks good to me
> +
> +===========================================
> +4 - Examples
> +===========================================
> +
> +Example 1 (ARM 64-bit, 6-cpu system, two clusters):
> +capacities-dmips-mhz are scaled w.r.t. 1024 (cpu at 0 and cpu at 1)
> +supposing cluster0 at max-freq=1100 and custer1 at max-freq=850,
> +final capacities are 1024 for cluster0 and 446 for cluster1
> +
> +cpus {
> + #address-cells = <2>;
> + #size-cells = <0>;
> +
> + cpu-map {
> + cluster0 {
> + core0 {
> + cpu = <&A57_0>;
> + };
> + core1 {
> + cpu = <&A57_1>;
> + };
> + };
> +
> + cluster1 {
> + core0 {
> + cpu = <&A53_0>;
> + };
> + core1 {
> + cpu = <&A53_1>;
> + };
> + core2 {
> + cpu = <&A53_2>;
> + };
> + core3 {
> + cpu = <&A53_3>;
> + };
> + };
> + };
> +
> + idle-states {
> + entry-method = "arm,psci";
> +
> + CPU_SLEEP_0: cpu-sleep-0 {
> + compatible = "arm,idle-state";
> + arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>;
> + local-timer-stop;
> + entry-latency-us = <100>;
> + exit-latency-us = <250>;
> + min-residency-us = <150>;
> + };
> +
> + CLUSTER_SLEEP_0: cluster-sleep-0 {
> + compatible = "arm,idle-state";
> + arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>;
> + local-timer-stop;
> + entry-latency-us = <800>;
> + exit-latency-us = <700>;
> + min-residency-us = <2500>;
> + };
> + };
> +
> + A57_0: cpu at 0 {
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
> + reg = <0x0 0x0>;
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + enable-method = "psci";
> + next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
> + clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
> + cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
> + };
> +
> + A57_1: cpu at 1 {
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
> + reg = <0x0 0x1>;
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + enable-method = "psci";
> + next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
> + clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
> + cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
> + };
> +
> + A53_0: cpu at 100 {
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> + reg = <0x0 0x100>;
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + enable-method = "psci";
> + next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> + clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> + cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> + };
> +
> + A53_1: cpu at 101 {
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> + reg = <0x0 0x101>;
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + enable-method = "psci";
> + next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> + clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> + cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> + };
> +
> + A53_2: cpu at 102 {
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> + reg = <0x0 0x102>;
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + enable-method = "psci";
> + next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> + clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> + cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> + };
> +
> + A53_3: cpu at 103 {
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
> + reg = <0x0 0x103>;
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + enable-method = "psci";
> + next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
> + clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
> + cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
> + };
> +
> + A57_L2: l2-cache0 {
> + compatible = "cache";
> + };
> +
> + A53_L2: l2-cache1 {
> + compatible = "cache";
> + };
> +};
> +
> +Example 2 (ARM 32-bit, 4-cpu system, two clusters,
> + cpus 0,1 at 1GHz, cpus 2,3 at 500MHz):
> +capacities-dmips-mhz are scaled w.r.t. 2 (cpu at 0 and cpu at 1), this means that first
> +cpu at 0 and cpu at 1 are twice fast than cpu at 2 and cpu at 3 (at the same frequency)
> +
> +cpus {
> + #address-cells = <1>;
> + #size-cells = <0>;
> +
> + cpu0: cpu at 0 {
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> + reg = <0>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
> + };
> +
> + cpu1: cpu at 1 {
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> + reg = <1>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
> + };
> +
> + cpu2: cpu at 2 {
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> + reg = <0x100>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
> + };
> +
> + cpu3: cpu at 3 {
> + device_type = "cpu";
> + compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
> + reg = <0x101>;
> + capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
> + };
> +};
> +
> +===========================================
> +5 - References
> +===========================================
> +
> +[1] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings
> + Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> index 3f0cbbb..d79442d 100644
> --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
> @@ -238,6 +238,14 @@ nodes to be present and contain the properties described below.
> # List of phandles to idle state nodes supported
> by this cpu [3].
>
> + - capacity-dmips-mhz
> + Usage: Optional
> + Value type: <u32>
> + Definition:
> + # u32 value representing CPU capacity [3] in
> + DMIPS/MHz, relative to highest capacity-dmips-mhz
> + in the system.
> +
> - rockchip,pmu
> Usage: optional for systems that have an "enable-method"
> property value of "rockchip,rk3066-smp"
> @@ -461,3 +469,5 @@ cpus {
> [2] arm/msm/qcom,kpss-acc.txt
> [3] ARM Linux kernel documentation - idle states bindings
> Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/idle-states.txt
> +[3] ARM Linux kernel documentation - cpu capacity bindings
> + Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt
> --
> 2.7.0
>
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