[PATCH v7 12/13] ext4: switch to multigrain timestamps

[Paul Eggert]

On 2023-09-19 09:31, Jeff Layton wrote:
> The typical case for make
> timestamp comparisons is comparing source files vs. a build target. If
> those are being written nearly simultaneously, then that could be an
> issue, but is that a typical behavior?

I vaguely remember running into problems with 'make' a while ago 
(perhaps with a BSDish system) when filesystem timestamps were 
arbitrarily truncated in some cases but not others. These files would 
look older than they really were, so 'make' would think they were 
up-to-date when they weren't, and 'make' would omit actions that it 
should have done, thus screwing up the build.

File timestamps can be close together with 'make -j' on fast hosts. 
Sometimes a shell script (or 'make' itself) will run 'make', then modify 
a file F, then immediately run 'make' again; the latter 'make' won't 
work if F's timestamp is mistakenly older than targets that depend on it.

Although 'make'-like apps are the biggest canaries in this coal mine, 
the issue also affects 'find -newer' (as Bruno mentioned), 'rsync -u', 
'mv -u', 'tar -u', Emacs file-newer-than-file-p, and surely many other 
places. For example, any app that creates a timestamp file, then backs 
up all files newer than that file, would be at risk.


> I wonder if it would be feasible to just advance the coarse-grained
> current_time whenever we end up updating a ctime with a fine-grained
> timestamp?

Wouldn't this need to be done globally, that is, not just on a per-file 
or per-filesystem basis? If so, I don't see how we'd avoid locking 
performance issues.


PS. Although I'm no expert in the Linux inode code I hope you don't mind 
my asking a question about this part of inode_set_ctime_current:

	/*
	 * If we've recently updated with a fine-grained timestamp,
	 * then the coarse-grained one may still be earlier than the
	 * existing ctime. Just keep the existing value if so.
	 */
	ctime.tv_sec = inode->__i_ctime.tv_sec;
	if (timespec64_compare(&ctime, &now) > 0)
		return ctime;

Suppose root used clock_settime to set the clock backwards. Won't this 
code incorrectly refuse to update the file's timestamp afterwards? That 
is, shouldn't the last line be "goto fine_grained;" rather than "return 
ctime;", with the comment changed from "keep the existing value" to "use 
a fine-grained value"?