[PATCH 4/7] mm: introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API

Michal Hocko mhocko at kernel.org
Mon Mar 6 05:14:05 PST 2017


From: Michal Hocko <mhocko at suse.com>

GFP_NOFS context is used for the following 5 reasons currently
	- to prevent from deadlocks when the lock held by the allocation
	  context would be needed during the memory reclaim
	- to prevent from stack overflows during the reclaim because
	  the allocation is performed from a deep context already
	- to prevent lockups when the allocation context depends on
	  other reclaimers to make a forward progress indirectly
	- just in case because this would be safe from the fs POV
	- silence lockdep false positives

Unfortunately overuse of this allocation context brings some problems
to the MM. Memory reclaim is much weaker (especially during heavy FS
metadata workloads), OOM killer cannot be invoked because the MM layer
doesn't have enough information about how much memory is freeable by the
FS layer.

In many cases it is far from clear why the weaker context is even used
and so it might be used unnecessarily. We would like to get rid of
those as much as possible. One way to do that is to use the flag in
scopes rather than isolated cases. Such a scope is declared when really
necessary, tracked per task and all the allocation requests from within
the context will simply inherit the GFP_NOFS semantic.

Not only this is easier to understand and maintain because there are
much less problematic contexts than specific allocation requests, this
also helps code paths where FS layer interacts with other layers (e.g.
crypto, security modules, MM etc...) and there is no easy way to convey
the allocation context between the layers.

Introduce memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} API to control the scope
of GFP_NOFS allocation context. This is basically copying
memalloc_noio_{save,restore} API we have for other restricted allocation
context GFP_NOIO. The PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS flag already exists and it is
just an alias for PF_FSTRANS which has been xfs specific until recently.
There are no more PF_FSTRANS users anymore so let's just drop it.

PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS is now checked in the MM layer and drops __GFP_FS
implicitly same as PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO drops __GFP_IO. memalloc_noio_flags
is renamed to current_gfp_context because it now cares about both
PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS and PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO contexts. Xfs code paths preserve
their semantic. kmem_flags_convert() doesn't need to evaluate the flag
anymore.

This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes.

Let's hope that filesystems will drop direct GFP_NOFS (resp. ~__GFP_FS)
usage as much as possible and only use a properly documented
memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} checkpoints where they are appropriate.

Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka at suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko at suse.com>
---
 fs/xfs/kmem.h            |  2 +-
 include/linux/gfp.h      |  8 ++++++++
 include/linux/sched.h    |  8 +++-----
 include/linux/sched/mm.h | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/locking/lockdep.c |  6 +++---
 mm/page_alloc.c          | 10 ++++++----
 mm/vmscan.c              |  6 +++---
 7 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/kmem.h b/fs/xfs/kmem.h
index d973dbfc2bfa..ae08cfd9552a 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/kmem.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/kmem.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ kmem_flags_convert(xfs_km_flags_t flags)
 		lflags = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN;
 	} else {
 		lflags = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN;
-		if ((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) || (flags & KM_NOFS))
+		if (flags & KM_NOFS)
 			lflags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	}
 
diff --git a/include/linux/gfp.h b/include/linux/gfp.h
index 978232a3b4ae..2bfcfd33e476 100644
--- a/include/linux/gfp.h
+++ b/include/linux/gfp.h
@@ -210,8 +210,16 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
  *
  * GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
  *   that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
+ *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
+ *   memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
+ *   perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
+ *   will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
  *
  * GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
+ *   Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
+ *   memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
+ *   recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
+ *   requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.
  *
  * GFP_USER is for userspace allocations that also need to be directly
  *   accessibly by the kernel or hardware. It is typically used by hardware
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 4528f7c9789f..9c3ee2281a56 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1211,9 +1211,9 @@ extern struct pid *cad_pid;
 #define PF_USED_ASYNC		0x00004000	/* Used async_schedule*(), used by module init */
 #define PF_NOFREEZE		0x00008000	/* This thread should not be frozen */
 #define PF_FROZEN		0x00010000	/* Frozen for system suspend */
-#define PF_FSTRANS		0x00020000	/* Inside a filesystem transaction */
-#define PF_KSWAPD		0x00040000	/* I am kswapd */
-#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO	0x00080000	/* Allocating memory without IO involved */
+#define PF_KSWAPD		0x00020000	/* I am kswapd */
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS	0x00040000	/* All allocation requests will inherit GFP_NOFS */
+#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO	0x00080000	/* All allocation requests will inherit GFP_NOIO */
 #define PF_LESS_THROTTLE	0x00100000	/* Throttle me less: I clean memory */
 #define PF_KTHREAD		0x00200000	/* I am a kernel thread */
 #define PF_RANDOMIZE		0x00400000	/* Randomize virtual address space */
@@ -1224,8 +1224,6 @@ extern struct pid *cad_pid;
 #define PF_FREEZER_SKIP		0x40000000	/* Freezer should not count it as freezable */
 #define PF_SUSPEND_TASK		0x80000000      /* This thread called freeze_processes() and should not be frozen */
 
-#define PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS PF_FSTRANS	/* Transition to a more generic GFP_NOFS scope semantic */
-
 /*
  * Only the _current_ task can read/write to tsk->flags, but other
  * tasks can access tsk->flags in readonly mode for example
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/mm.h b/include/linux/sched/mm.h
index 830953ebb391..9daabe138c99 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/mm.h
@@ -149,13 +149,21 @@ static inline bool in_vfork(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/* __GFP_IO isn't allowed if PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO is set in current->flags
- * __GFP_FS is also cleared as it implies __GFP_IO.
+/*
+ * Applies per-task gfp context to the given allocation flags.
+ * PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO implies GFP_NOIO
+ * PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS implies GFP_NOFS
  */
-static inline gfp_t memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_t flags)
+static inline gfp_t current_gfp_context(gfp_t flags)
 {
+	/*
+	 * NOIO implies both NOIO and NOFS and it is a weaker context
+	 * so always make sure it makes precendence
+	 */
 	if (unlikely(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO))
 		flags &= ~(__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS);
+	else if (unlikely(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
+		flags &= ~__GFP_FS;
 	return flags;
 }
 
@@ -171,4 +179,16 @@ static inline void memalloc_noio_restore(unsigned int flags)
 	current->flags = (current->flags & ~PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO) | flags;
 }
 
+static inline unsigned int memalloc_nofs_save(void)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
+	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS;
+	return flags;
+}
+
+static inline void memalloc_nofs_restore(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	current->flags = (current->flags & ~PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS) | flags;
+}
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_SCHED_MM_H */
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
index b169339541f5..84afa9f19452 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep.c
@@ -2864,7 +2864,7 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 	if (unlikely(!debug_locks))
 		return;
 
-	gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 
 	/* no reclaim without waiting on it */
 	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM))
@@ -2875,7 +2875,7 @@ static void __lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags)
 		return;
 
 	/* We're only interested __GFP_FS allocations for now */
-	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
+	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) || (curr->flags & PF_MEMALLOC_NOFS))
 		return;
 
 	/*
@@ -3861,7 +3861,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lock_unpin_lock);
 
 void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask)
 {
-	current->lockdep_reclaim_gfp = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	current->lockdep_reclaim_gfp = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 }
 
 void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void)
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index eaa64d2ffdc5..f7531a93a0d0 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -3966,10 +3966,12 @@ __alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
 		goto out;
 
 	/*
-	 * Runtime PM, block IO and its error handling path can deadlock
-	 * because I/O on the device might not complete.
+	 * Apply scoped allocation constrains. This is mainly about
+	 * GFP_NOFS resp. GFP_NOIO which has to be inherited for all
+	 * allocation requests from a particular context which has
+	 * been marked by memalloc_no{fs,io}_{save,restore}
 	 */
-	alloc_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
+	alloc_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask);
 	ac.spread_dirty_pages = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -7423,7 +7425,7 @@ int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 		.zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start)),
 		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
 		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
-		.gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask),
+		.gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask),
 	};
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);
 
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index bc8031ef994d..7d8590392f3d 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -2950,7 +2950,7 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist, int order,
 	unsigned long nr_reclaimed;
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX,
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask)),
+		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask)),
 		.reclaim_idx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask),
 		.order = order,
 		.nodemask = nodemask,
@@ -3030,7 +3030,7 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	int nid;
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = max(nr_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) |
+		.gfp_mask = (current_gfp_context(gfp_mask) & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) |
 				(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE & ~GFP_RECLAIM_MASK),
 		.reclaim_idx = MAX_NR_ZONES - 1,
 		.target_mem_cgroup = memcg,
@@ -3725,7 +3725,7 @@ static int __node_reclaim(struct pglist_data *pgdat, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned in
 	int classzone_idx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
 	struct scan_control sc = {
 		.nr_to_reclaim = max(nr_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX),
-		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask)),
+		.gfp_mask = (gfp_mask = current_gfp_context(gfp_mask)),
 		.order = order,
 		.priority = NODE_RECLAIM_PRIORITY,
 		.may_writepage = !!(node_reclaim_mode & RECLAIM_WRITE),
-- 
2.11.0




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