[PATCH v5 00/10] riscv: Userspace pointer masking and tagged address ABI

[Samuel Holland]

RISC-V defines three extensions for pointer masking[1]:
 - Smmpm: configured in M-mode, affects M-mode
 - Smnpm: configured in M-mode, affects the next lower mode (S or U-mode)
 - Ssnpm: configured in S-mode, affects the next lower mode (VS, VU, or U-mode)

This series adds support for configuring Smnpm or Ssnpm (depending on
which privilege mode the kernel is running in) to allow pointer masking
in userspace (VU or U-mode), extending the PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL API
from arm64. Unlike arm64 TBI, userspace pointer masking is not enabled
by default on RISC-V. Additionally, the tag width (referred to as PMLEN)
is variable, so userspace needs to ask the kernel for a specific tag
width, which is interpreted as a lower bound on the number of tag bits.

This series also adds support for a tagged address ABI similar to arm64
and x86. Since accesses from the kernel to user memory use the kernel's
pointer masking configuration, not the user's, the kernel must untag
user pointers in software before dereferencing them. And since the tag
width is variable, as with LAM on x86, it must be kept the same across
all threads in a process so untagged_addr_remote() can work.

[1]: https://github.com/riscv/riscv-j-extension/raw/d70011dde6c2/zjpm-spec.pdf
---
This series depends on the per-thread envcfg series in riscv/for-next.

This series can be tested in QEMU by applying a patch set[2].

KASAN_SW_TAGS using pointer masking is an independent patch series[3].

[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/20240511101053.1875596-1-me@deliversmonkey.space/
[3]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20240814085618.968833-1-samuel.holland@sifive.com/

Changes in v5:
 - Update pointer masking spec version to 1.0 and state to ratified
 - Document how PR_[SG]ET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL are used on RISC-V
 - Document that the RISC-V tagged address ABI is the same as AArch64
 - Rename "pm" selftests directory to "abi" to be more generic
 - Fix -Wparentheses warnings
 - Fix order of operations when writing via the tagged pointer
 - Update pointer masking spec version to 1.0 in hwprobe documentation

Changes in v4:
 - Switch IS_ENABLED back to #ifdef to fix riscv32 build
 - Combine __untagged_addr() and __untagged_addr_remote()

Changes in v3:
 - Note in the commit message that the ISA extension spec is frozen
 - Rebase on riscv/for-next (ISA extension list conflicts)
 - Remove RISCV_ISA_EXT_SxPM, which was not used anywhere
 - Use shifts instead of large numbers in ENVCFG_PMM* macro definitions
 - Rename CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_POINTER_MASKING to CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_SUPM,
   since it only controls the userspace part of pointer masking
 - Use IS_ENABLED instead of #ifdef when possible
 - Use an enum for the supported PMLEN values
 - Simplify the logic in set_tagged_addr_ctrl()
 - Use IS_ENABLED instead of #ifdef when possible
 - Implement mm_untag_mask()
 - Remove pmlen from struct thread_info (now only in mm_context_t)

Changes in v2:
 - Drop patch 4 ("riscv: Define is_compat_thread()"), as an equivalent
   patch was already applied
 - Move patch 5 ("riscv: Split per-CPU and per-thread envcfg bits") to a
   different series[3]
 - Update pointer masking specification version reference
 - Provide macros for the extension affecting the kernel and userspace
 - Use the correct name for the hstatus.HUPMM field
 - Rebase on riscv/linux.git for-next
 - Add and use the envcfg_update_bits() helper function
 - Inline flush_tagged_addr_state()
 - Implement untagged_addr_remote()
 - Restrict PMLEN changes once a process is multithreaded
 - Rename "tags" directory to "pm" to avoid .gitignore rules
 - Add .gitignore file to ignore the compiled selftest binary
 - Write to a pipe to force dereferencing the user pointer
 - Handle SIGSEGV in the child process to reduce dmesg noise
 - Export Supm via hwprobe
 - Export Smnpm and Ssnpm to KVM guests

Samuel Holland (10):
  dt-bindings: riscv: Add pointer masking ISA extensions
  riscv: Add ISA extension parsing for pointer masking
  riscv: Add CSR definitions for pointer masking
  riscv: Add support for userspace pointer masking
  riscv: Add support for the tagged address ABI
  riscv: Allow ptrace control of the tagged address ABI
  riscv: selftests: Add a pointer masking test
  riscv: hwprobe: Export the Supm ISA extension
  RISC-V: KVM: Allow Smnpm and Ssnpm extensions for guests
  KVM: riscv: selftests: Add Smnpm and Ssnpm to get-reg-list test

 Documentation/arch/riscv/hwprobe.rst          |   3 +
 Documentation/arch/riscv/uabi.rst             |  16 +
 .../devicetree/bindings/riscv/extensions.yaml |  18 +
 arch/riscv/Kconfig                            |  11 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/csr.h                  |  16 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/hwcap.h                |   5 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu.h                  |   7 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/mmu_context.h          |  13 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/processor.h            |   8 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/switch_to.h            |  11 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/uaccess.h              |  43 ++-
 arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/hwprobe.h         |   1 +
 arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h             |   2 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c                |   3 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/process.c                   | 154 ++++++++
 arch/riscv/kernel/ptrace.c                    |  42 +++
 arch/riscv/kernel/sys_hwprobe.c               |   3 +
 arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_onereg.c                  |   4 +
 include/uapi/linux/elf.h                      |   1 +
 include/uapi/linux/prctl.h                    |   5 +-
 .../selftests/kvm/riscv/get-reg-list.c        |   8 +
 tools/testing/selftests/riscv/Makefile        |   2 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/riscv/abi/.gitignore  |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/riscv/abi/Makefile    |  10 +
 .../selftests/riscv/abi/pointer_masking.c     | 332 ++++++++++++++++++
 25 files changed, 712 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/riscv/abi/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/riscv/abi/Makefile
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/riscv/abi/pointer_masking.c

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2.45.1