[PATCH 0/9] RISC-V: Apply Zicboz to clear_page and memset

[Andrew Jones]

On Sun, Oct 30, 2022 at 08:23:27PM +0000, Conor Dooley wrote:
> On Sat, Oct 29, 2022 at 11:59:53AM +0200, Andrew Jones wrote:
> > On Thu, Oct 27, 2022 at 03:02:38PM +0200, Andrew Jones wrote:
> > > When the Zicboz extension is available we can more rapidly zero naturally
> > > aligned Zicboz block sized chunks of memory. As pages are always page
> > > aligned and are larger than any Zicboz block size will be, then
> > > clear_page() appears to be a good candidate for the extension. While cycle
> > > count and energy consumption should also be considered, we can be pretty
> > > certain that implementing clear_page() with the Zicboz extension is a win
> > > by comparing the new dynamic instruction count with its current count[1].
> > > Doing so we see that the new count is less than half the old count (see
> > > patch4's commit message for more details). Another candidate for the
> > > extension is memset(), but, since memset() isn't just used for zeroing
> > > memory and it accepts arbitrarily aligned addresses and arbitrary sizes,
> > > it's not as obvious if adding support for Zicboz will be an overall win.
> > > In order to make a determination, I've done some analysis and wrote my
> > > conclusions in the bullets below.
> > > 
> > > * When compiling the kernel without CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZICBOZ, memset()
> > >   doesn't change, so that's fine.
> > > 
> > > * The overhead added to memset() when the Zicboz extension isn't present,
> > >   but CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZICBOZ is selected, is 3 jumps to known targets,
> > >   which I believe is fine.
> > > 
> > > * The overhead added to a memset() invocation which is not zeroing memory
> > >   is 7 instructions, where 3 are branches. This seems fine and,
> > >   furthermore, memset() is almost always invoked to zero memory (99% [2]).
> > > 
> > > * When memset() is invoked to zero memory, the proposed Zicboz extended
> > >   memset() always has a lower dynamic instruction count than the current
> > >   memset() as long as the input address is Zicboz block aligned and the
> > >   length is >= the block size.
> > > 
> > > * When memset() is invoked to zero memory, the proposed Zicboz extended
> > >   memset() is always worse for unaligned or too small inputs than the
> > >   current memset(), but it's only at most a few dozen instructions worse.
> > >   I think this is probably fine, especially considering the large majority
> > >   of zeroing invocations are 64 bytes or larger and are aligned to a
> > >   power-of-2 boundary, 64-byte or larger (77% [2]).
> > > 
> > > [1] I ported the functions under test to userspace and linked them with
> > >     a test program. Then, I ran them under gdb with a script[3] which
> > >     counted instructions by single stepping.
> > > 
> > > [2] I wrote bpftrace scripts[4] to count memset() invocations to see the
> > >     frequency of it being used to zero memory and have block size aligned
> > >     input addresses with block size or larger lengths. The workload was
> > >     just random desktop stuff including streaming video and compiling.
> > >     While I did run this on my x86 notebook, I still expect the data to
> > >     be representative on RISC-V. Note, x86 has clear_page() so the
> > >     memset() data regarding alignment and size weren't over inflated by
> > >     page zeroing invocations. Grepping also shows the large majority of
> > >     memset() calls are to zero memory (93%).
> > > 
> > > [3] https://gist.github.com/jones-drew/487791c956ceca8c18adc2847eec9c60
> > > [4] https://gist.github.com/jones-drew/1e860692cf6fc0fb2a82a04c9ce720fe
> > > 
> > > These patches are based on the following pending series
> > > 
> > > 1. "[PATCH v2 0/3] RISC-V: Ensure Zicbom has a valid block size"
> > >    20221024091309.406906-1-ajones at ventanamicro.com
> > > 
> > > 2. "[PATCH 0/8] riscv: improve boot time isa extensions handling"
> > >    20221006070818.3616-1-jszhang at kernel.org
> > >    Also including the additional patch proposed here
> > >    20221013162038.ehseju2neic2xu5z at kamzik
> > > 
> > > The patches are also available here
> > > https://github.com/jones-drew/linux/commits/riscv/zicboz
> > > 
> > > To test over QEMU this branch may be used to enable Zicboz
> > > https://gitlab.com/jones-drew/qemu/-/commits/riscv/zicboz
> > > 
> > > To test running a KVM guest with Zicboz this kvmtool branch may be used
> > > https://github.com/jones-drew/kvmtool/commits/riscv/zicboz
> > > 
> > > Thanks,
> > > drew
> > > 
> > > Andrew Jones (9):
> > >   RISC-V: Factor out body of riscv_init_cbom_blocksize loop
> > >   RISC-V: Add Zicboz detection and block size parsing
> > >   RISC-V: insn-def: Define cbo.zero
> > >   RISC-V: Use Zicboz in clear_page when available
> > >   RISC-V: KVM: Provide UAPI for Zicboz block size
> > >   RISC-V: KVM: Expose Zicboz to the guest
> > >   RISC-V: lib: Improve memset assembler formatting
> > >   RISC-V: lib: Use named labels in memset
> > >   RISC-V: Use Zicboz in memset when available
> > > 
> > >  arch/riscv/Kconfig                  |  13 ++
> > >  arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h |   3 +-
> > >  arch/riscv/include/asm/hwcap.h      |   1 +
> > >  arch/riscv/include/asm/insn-def.h   |  50 ++++++
> > >  arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h       |   6 +-
> > >  arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h   |   2 +
> > >  arch/riscv/kernel/cpu.c             |   1 +
> > >  arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c      |  10 ++
> > >  arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c           |   2 +-
> > >  arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu.c               |  11 ++
> > >  arch/riscv/lib/Makefile             |   1 +
> > >  arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S         |  28 ++++
> > >  arch/riscv/lib/memset.S             | 241 +++++++++++++++++++---------
> > >  arch/riscv/mm/cacheflush.c          |  64 +++++---
> > >  14 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-)
> > >  create mode 100644 arch/riscv/lib/clear_page.S
> > > 
> > > -- 
> > > 2.37.3
> > >
> > 
> > FYI, I just tried this with clang. It compiles but doesn't boot when
> > Zicboz is present (it does boot when Zicboz is disabled in QEMU). I'm
> > suspicious of the ALTERNATIVE() stuff, but I'll debug more on Monday.
> > Also, I see building with LLVM=1 doesn't work, but that appears to be
> > an issue introduced with "[PATCH 0/8] riscv: improve boot time isa
> > extensions handling" which this series is based on.
> 
> Yeah, I was hitting the LLVM failures when I gave it a go the other day,
> thanks for passing it on to Jisheng.. I meant to do that and forgot.
> FWIW, I did find a build error with gcc too:
> 
> riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: arch/riscv/purgatory/purgatory.ro: in function `.L3␂1':
> ctype.c:(.text+0x215a): undefined reference to `riscv_cboz_block_size'

Oh, I didn't see that with my toolchain
 - gcc 12.1.0 (g1ea978e3066a)
 - binutils 2.39

I'll see if I can reproduce it.

Thanks,
drew

> 
> defconfig should be:
> https://gist.github.com/ConchuOD/e14293a28b04dca2125bdcc0d97d366a
> & toolchain stuff:
> CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT="riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (g5964b5cd727) 11.1.0"
> CONFIG_CC_IS_GCC=y
> CONFIG_GCC_VERSION=110100
> CONFIG_AS_IS_GNU=y
> CONFIG_AS_VERSION=23700
> CONFIG_LD_IS_BFD=y
> CONFIG_LD_VERSION=23700
> 
> My toolchain predates zicbo* being introduced & I set the config option.
> I didn't do any specific digging as to the cause.
> 
> Thanks,
> Conor.
>