[RFC PATCH 06/10] liveupdate: hugetlb subsystem FLB state preservation

[Pratyush Yadav]

On Tue, Dec 23 2025, Pasha Tatashin wrote:

> On Sat, Dec 6, 2025 at 6:03 PM Pratyush Yadav <pratyush at kernel.org> wrote:
>>
>> HugeTLB manages its own pages. It allocates them on boot and uses those
>> to fulfill hugepage requests.
>>
>> To support live update for a hugetlb-backed memfd, it is necessary to
>> track how many pages of each hstate are coming from live update. This is
>> needed to ensure the boot time allocations don't over-allocate huge
>> pages, causing the rest of the system unexpected memory pressure.
>>
>> For example, say the system has 100G memory and it uses 90 1G huge
>> pages, with 10G put aside for other processes. Now say 5 of those pages
>> are preserved via KHO for live updating a huge memfd.
>>
>> But during boot, the system will still see that it needs 90 huge pages,
>> so it will attempt to allocate those. When the file is later retrieved,
>> those 5 pages also get added to the huge page pool, resulting in 95
>> total huge pages. This exceeds the original expectation of 90 pages, and
>> ends up wasting memory.
>>
>> LUO has file-lifecycle-bound (FLB) data to keep track of global state of
>> a subsystem. Use it to track how many huge pages are used up for each
>> hstate. When a file is preserved, it will increment to the counter, and
>> when it is unpreserved, it will decrement it. During boot time
>> allocations, this data can be used to calculate how many hugepages
>> actually need to be allocated.
>>
>> Design note: another way of doing this would be to preserve the entire
>> set of hugepages using the FLB, skip boot time allocation, and restore
>> them all on FLB retrieve. The pain problem with that approach is that it
>> would need to freeze all hstates after serializing them. This will need
>> a lot more invasive changes in hugetlb since there are many ways folios
>> can be added to or removed from a hstate. Doing it this way is simpler
>> and less invasive.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush at kernel.org>
>> ---
>>  Documentation/mm/memfd_preservation.rst |   9 ++
>>  MAINTAINERS                             |   1 +
>>  include/linux/kho/abi/hugetlb.h         |  66 +++++++++
>>  kernel/liveupdate/Kconfig               |  12 ++
>>  mm/Makefile                             |   1 +
>>  mm/hugetlb.c                            |   1 +
>>  mm/hugetlb_internal.h                   |  15 ++
>>  mm/hugetlb_luo.c                        | 179 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>  8 files changed, 284 insertions(+)
>>  create mode 100644 include/linux/kho/abi/hugetlb.h
>>  create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_luo.c
>>
[...]
>> +static int hugetlb_flb_retrieve(struct liveupdate_flb_op_args *args)
>> +{
>> +       /*
>> +        * The FLB is only needed for boot-time calculation of how many
>> +        * hugepages are needed. This is done by early boot handlers already.
>> +        * Free the serialized state now.
>> +        */
>
> It should be done in this function.

The calculations can't be done in retrieve. Retrieve happens only once
and for the whole FLB. They will need to come from
hugetlb_hstate_alloc_pages().

Maybe you mean getting rid of liveupdate_flb_incoming_early()? Yeah,
that I can do. It will make this function a no-op once we move the
kho_restore_free() to finish().

>
>> +       kho_restore_free(phys_to_virt(args->data));
>
> This should be moved to finish() after blackout.

Sure.

>
>> +
>> +       /*
>> +        * HACK: But since LUO FLB still needs an obj, use ZERO_SIZE_PTR to
>> +        * satisfy it.
>> +        */
>> +       args->obj = ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
>
> Hopefully this is not needed any more with the updated FLB, please check :-)

Yep. IIRC when I sent this series the older version of FLB was in
mm-nonmm-unstable.

>
>> +       return 0;
>> +}
>> +
[...]

-- 
Regards,
Pratyush Yadav