[PATCH v34 06/14] arm64: kdump: protect crash dump kernel memory
Ard Biesheuvel
ard.biesheuvel at linaro.org
Tue Mar 28 03:07:05 PDT 2017
On 28 March 2017 at 07:51, AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi at linaro.org> wrote:
> arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() and arch_kexec_unprotect_crashkres()
> are meant to be called by kexec_load() in order to protect the memory
> allocated for crash dump kernel once the image is loaded.
>
> The protection is implemented by unmapping the relevant segments in crash
> dump kernel memory, rather than making it read-only as other archs do,
> to prevent any corruption due to potential cache alias (with different
> attributes) problem.
>
I think it would be more accurate to replace 'corruption' with
'coherency issues', given that this patch does not solve the issue of
writable aliases that may be used to modify the contents of the
region, but it does prevent issues related to mismatched attributes
(which are arguably a bigger concern)
> Page-level mappings are consistently used here so that we can change
> the attributes of segments in page granularity as well as shrink the region
> also in page granularity through /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size, putting
> the freed memory back to buddy system.
>
> Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi at linaro.org>
As a head's up, this patch is going to conflict heavily with patches
that are queued up in arm64/for-next/core atm.
Some questions below.
> ---
> arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec.c | 32 +++++++++++---
> arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
> 2 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec.c
> index bc96c8a7fc79..b63baa749609 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/machine_kexec.c
> @@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
>
> #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
> #include <asm/cpu_ops.h>
> +#include <asm/mmu.h>
> #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
> +#include <asm/page.h>
>
> #include "cpu-reset.h"
>
> @@ -22,8 +24,6 @@
> extern const unsigned char arm64_relocate_new_kernel[];
> extern const unsigned long arm64_relocate_new_kernel_size;
>
> -static unsigned long kimage_start;
> -
> /**
> * kexec_image_info - For debugging output.
> */
> @@ -64,8 +64,6 @@ void machine_kexec_cleanup(struct kimage *kimage)
> */
> int machine_kexec_prepare(struct kimage *kimage)
> {
> - kimage_start = kimage->start;
> -
> kexec_image_info(kimage);
>
> if (kimage->type != KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH && cpus_are_stuck_in_kernel()) {
> @@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ void machine_kexec(struct kimage *kimage)
> kexec_list_flush(kimage);
>
> /* Flush the new image if already in place. */
> - if (kimage->head & IND_DONE)
> + if ((kimage != kexec_crash_image) && (kimage->head & IND_DONE))
> kexec_segment_flush(kimage);
>
> pr_info("Bye!\n");
> @@ -201,7 +199,7 @@ void machine_kexec(struct kimage *kimage)
> */
>
> cpu_soft_restart(1, reboot_code_buffer_phys, kimage->head,
> - kimage_start, 0);
> + kimage->start, 0);
>
> BUG(); /* Should never get here. */
> }
> @@ -210,3 +208,25 @@ void machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
> {
> /* Empty routine needed to avoid build errors. */
> }
> +
> +void arch_kexec_protect_crashkres(void)
> +{
> + int i;
> +
> + kexec_segment_flush(kexec_crash_image);
> +
> + for (i = 0; i < kexec_crash_image->nr_segments; i++)
> + set_memory_valid(
> + __phys_to_virt(kexec_crash_image->segment[i].mem),
> + kexec_crash_image->segment[i].memsz >> PAGE_SHIFT, 0);
> +}
> +
> +void arch_kexec_unprotect_crashkres(void)
> +{
> + int i;
> +
> + for (i = 0; i < kexec_crash_image->nr_segments; i++)
> + set_memory_valid(
> + __phys_to_virt(kexec_crash_image->segment[i].mem),
> + kexec_crash_image->segment[i].memsz >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1);
> +}
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> index d28dbcf596b6..f6a3c0e9d37f 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> @@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
> #include <linux/kernel.h>
> #include <linux/errno.h>
> #include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/ioport.h>
> +#include <linux/kexec.h>
> #include <linux/libfdt.h>
> #include <linux/mman.h>
> #include <linux/nodemask.h>
> @@ -332,56 +334,31 @@ static void create_mapping_late(phys_addr_t phys, unsigned long virt,
> NULL, debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> }
>
> -static void __init __map_memblock(pgd_t *pgd, phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end)
> +static void __init __map_memblock(pgd_t *pgd, phys_addr_t start,
> + phys_addr_t end, pgprot_t prot,
> + bool page_mappings_only)
> +{
> + __create_pgd_mapping(pgd, start, __phys_to_virt(start), end - start,
> + prot, early_pgtable_alloc,
> + page_mappings_only);
> +}
> +
> +static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgd)
> {
> phys_addr_t kernel_start = __pa_symbol(_text);
> phys_addr_t kernel_end = __pa_symbol(__init_begin);
> + struct memblock_region *reg;
>
> /*
> - * Take care not to create a writable alias for the
> - * read-only text and rodata sections of the kernel image.
> + * Temporarily marked as NOMAP to skip mapping in the next for-loop
> */
> + memblock_mark_nomap(kernel_start, kernel_end - kernel_start);
>
OK, so the trick is to mark a memblock region NOMAP temporarily, so
that we can iterate over the regions more easily?
Is that the sole reason for using NOMAP in this series?
> - /* No overlap with the kernel text/rodata */
> - if (end < kernel_start || start >= kernel_end) {
> - __create_pgd_mapping(pgd, start, __phys_to_virt(start),
> - end - start, PAGE_KERNEL,
> - early_pgtable_alloc,
> - debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> - return;
> - }
> -
> - /*
> - * This block overlaps the kernel text/rodata mappings.
> - * Map the portion(s) which don't overlap.
> - */
> - if (start < kernel_start)
> - __create_pgd_mapping(pgd, start,
> - __phys_to_virt(start),
> - kernel_start - start, PAGE_KERNEL,
> - early_pgtable_alloc,
> - debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> - if (kernel_end < end)
> - __create_pgd_mapping(pgd, kernel_end,
> - __phys_to_virt(kernel_end),
> - end - kernel_end, PAGE_KERNEL,
> - early_pgtable_alloc,
> - debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> -
> - /*
> - * Map the linear alias of the [_text, __init_begin) interval as
> - * read-only/non-executable. This makes the contents of the
> - * region accessible to subsystems such as hibernate, but
> - * protects it from inadvertent modification or execution.
> - */
> - __create_pgd_mapping(pgd, kernel_start, __phys_to_virt(kernel_start),
> - kernel_end - kernel_start, PAGE_KERNEL_RO,
> - early_pgtable_alloc, debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> -}
> -
> -static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgd)
> -{
> - struct memblock_region *reg;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
> + if (crashk_res.end)
> + memblock_mark_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> + resource_size(&crashk_res));
> +#endif
>
> /* map all the memory banks */
> for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
> @@ -393,8 +370,33 @@ static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgd)
> if (memblock_is_nomap(reg))
> continue;
>
> - __map_memblock(pgd, start, end);
> + __map_memblock(pgd, start, end,
> + PAGE_KERNEL, debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> + }
> +
> + /*
> + * Map the linear alias of the [_text, __init_begin) interval as
> + * read-only/non-executable. This makes the contents of the
> + * region accessible to subsystems such as hibernate, but
> + * protects it from inadvertent modification or execution.
> + */
> + __map_memblock(pgd, kernel_start, kernel_end,
> + PAGE_KERNEL_RO, debug_pagealloc_enabled());
> + memblock_clear_nomap(kernel_start, kernel_end - kernel_start);
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
> + /*
> + * User page-level mappings here so that we can shrink the region
> + * in page granularity and put back unused memory to buddy system
> + * through /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size interface.
> + */
> + if (crashk_res.end) {
> + __map_memblock(pgd, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end + 1,
> + PAGE_KERNEL, true);
> + memblock_clear_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> + resource_size(&crashk_res));
> }
> +#endif
> }
>
> void mark_rodata_ro(void)
> --
> 2.11.1
>
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